California
Commercial Code
669 entries
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This code may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code.
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This division applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another division of this…
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(a) This code shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and polici…
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This code being a general act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it sh…
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If any provision or clause of this code or its application to any person or circumstance is held inv…
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In this code, unless the statutory context otherwise requires: (1) words in the singular number incl…
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This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and Nation…
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(a) Unless the context otherwise requires, words or phrases defined in this section, or in the addit…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (f), a person has “notice” of a fact if the person: (1) has actual knowle…
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(a) Whether a transaction in the form of a lease creates a lease or security interest is determined …
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Except as otherwise provided in Divisions 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12, a person gives value for rights if the…
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(a) Whether a time for taking an action required by this code is reasonable depends on the nature, p…
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Whenever this code creates a “presumption” with respect to a fact, or provides that a fact is “presu…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, when a transaction bears a reasonable relation to …
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) or elsewhere in this code, the effect of provisi…
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(a) A “course of performance” is a sequence of conduct between the parties to a particular transacti…
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Every contract or duty within this code imposes an obligation of good faith in its performance and e…
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(a) The remedies provided by this code shall be liberally administered to the end that the aggrieved…
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A claim or right arising out of an alleged breach may be discharged in whole or in part without cons…
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(1) A bill of lading, policy or certificate of insurance, official weigher’s or inspector’s certific…
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(a) A party that with explicit reservation of rights performs or promises performance or assents to …
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A term providing that one party or that party’s successor in interest may accelerate payment or perf…
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An obligation may be issued as subordinated to performance of another obligation of the person oblig…
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This division shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Sales.
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(a) Unless the context otherwise requires, and except as provided in subdivision (c), this division …
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(1) In this division unless the context otherwise requires: (a) “Buyer” means a person who buys or c…
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(1) “Merchant” means a person who deals in goods of the kind or otherwise by his occupation holds hi…
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(1) “Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are movable at the time …
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(1) In this division unless the context otherwise requires “contract” and “agreement” are limited to…
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(1) A contract for the sale of minerals or the like (including oil and gas) or a structure or its ma…
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(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a contract for the sale of goods for the price of …
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Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise s…
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(1) A contract for sale of goods may be made in any manner sufficient to show agreement, including c…
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(a) An offer by a merchant to buy or sell goods in a signed record which by its terms gives assuranc…
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(1) Unless otherwise unambiguously indicated by the language or circumstances (a) An offer to make a…
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(1) A definite and seasonable expression of acceptance or a written confirmation which is sent withi…
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(1) An agreement modifying a contract within this division needs no consideration to be binding. (2)…
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(1) A party may perform his or her duty through a delegate unless otherwise agreed or unless the oth…
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The obligation of the seller is to transfer and deliver and that of the buyer is to accept and pay i…
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Where this division allocates a risk or a burden as between the parties “unless otherwise agreed,” t…
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(1) The price can be made payable in money or otherwise. If it is payable in whole or in part in goo…
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(1) The parties if they so intend can conclude a contract for sale even though the price is not sett…
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(1) A term which measures the quantity by the output of the seller or the requirements of the buyer …
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Unless otherwise agreed all goods called for by a contract for sale must be tendered in a single del…
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Unless otherwise agreed (a) The place for delivery of goods is the seller’s place of business or if …
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(1) The time for shipment or delivery or any other action under a contract if not provided in this d…
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Unless otherwise agreed: (a) Payment is due at the time and place at which the buyer is to receive t…
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(1) An agreement for sale which is otherwise sufficiently definite (subdivision (3) of Section 2204)…
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(1) Subject to subdivision (2) there is in a contract for sale a warranty by the seller that (a) The…
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(1) Express warranties by the seller are created as follows: (a) Any affirmation of fact or promise …
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(1) Unless excluded or modified (Section 2316), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is i…
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Where the seller at the time of contracting has reason to know any particular purpose for which the …
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(1) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to…
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Warranties whether express or implied shall be construed as consistent with each other and as cumula…
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed the term F.O.B. (which means “free on board”) at a named place, even tho…
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(1) The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insura…
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Under a contract containing a term C.I.F. or C. & F. (1) Where the price is based on or is to be adj…
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed a term for delivery of goods “ex-ship” (which means from the carrying ve…
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(1) Where the contract contemplates overseas shipment and contains a term C.I.F. or C. & F. or F.O.B…
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Under a term “no arrival, no sale” or terms of like meaning, unless otherwise agreed, (a) The seller…
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(1) Failure of the buyer seasonably to furnish an agreed letter of credit is a breach of the contrac…
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed, if delivered goods may be returned by the buyer even though they confor…
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(1) Under sale on approval unless otherwise agreed (a) Although the goods are identified to the cont…
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(1) In a sale by auction if goods are put up in lots each lot is the subject of a separate sale. (2)…
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Each provision of this division with regard to the rights, obligations and remedies of the seller, t…
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(1) Except as provided in subdivisions (2) and (3), rights of unsecured creditors of the seller with…
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(1) A purchaser of goods acquires all title which his transferor had or had power to transfer except…
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(1) The buyer obtains a special property and an insurable interest in goods by identification of exi…
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(1) Subject to subdivisions (2) and (3), and even though the goods have not been shipped, a buyer wh…
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(1) Tender of delivery requires that the seller put and hold conforming goods at the buyer’s disposi…
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Where the seller is required or authorized to send the goods to the buyer and the contract does not …
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(1) Where the seller has identified goods to the contract by or before shipment: (a) His procurement…
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(1) A financing agency by paying or purchasing for value a draft which relates to a shipment of good…
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(1) Tender of delivery is a condition to the buyer’s duty to accept the goods and, unless otherwise …
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(1) Where any tender or delivery by the seller is rejected because nonconforming and the time for pe…
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(1) Where the contract requires or authorizes the seller to ship the goods by carrier (a) If it does…
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(1) Where a tender or delivery of goods so fails to conform to the contract as to give a right of re…
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed, tender of payment is a condition to the seller’s duty to tender and com…
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(1) Where the contract requires payment before inspection nonconformity of the goods does not excuse…
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(1) Unless otherwise agreed and subject to subdivision (3), where goods are tendered or delivered or…
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Unless otherwise agreed documents against which a draft is drawn are to be delivered to the drawee o…
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In furtherance of the adjustment of any claim or dispute (a) Either party on reasonable notification…
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Subject to the provisions of this division on breach in installment contracts (Section 2612) and unl…
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(1) Rejection of goods must be within a reasonable time after their delivery or tender. It is ineffe…
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(1) Subject to any security interest in the buyer (subdivision (3) of Section 2711), when the seller…
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Subject to the provisions of the immediately preceding section on perishables if the seller gives no…
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(1) The buyer’s failure to state in connection with rejection a particular defect which is ascertain…
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(1) Acceptance of goods occurs when the buyer (a) After a reasonable opportunity to inspect the good…
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(1) The buyer must pay at the contract rate for any goods accepted. (2) Acceptance of goods by the b…
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(1) The buyer may revoke his acceptance of a lot or commercial unit whose nonconformity substantiall…
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(1) A contract for sale imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receivin…
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When either party repudiates the contract with respect to a performance not yet due the loss of whic…
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(1) Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due he can retract his repudiation unless the …
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(1) An “installment contract” is one which requires or authorizes the delivery of goods in separate …
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Where the contract requires for its performance goods identified when the contract is made, and the …
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(1) Where without fault of either party the agreed berthing, loading, or unloading facilities fail o…
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Except so far as a seller may have assumed a greater obligation and subject to the preceding section…
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(1) Where the buyer receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justifi…
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Remedies for breach of any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to a contract for sale are …
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(1) Where the seller discovers the buyer to be insolvent he may refuse delivery except for cash incl…
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Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on …
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(1) An aggrieved seller under the preceding section may (a) Identify to the contract conforming good…
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(1) The seller may stop delivery of goods in the possession of a carrier or other bailee when he dis…
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(1) Under the conditions stated in Section 2703 on seller’s remedies, the seller may resell the good…
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(1) A “person in the position of a seller” includes as against a principal an agent who has paid or …
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(1) Subject to subdivision (2) and to the provisions of this division with respect to proof of marke…
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(1) When the buyer fails to pay the price as it becomes due the seller may recover, together with an…
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Incidental damages to an aggrieved seller include any commercially reasonable charges, expenses or c…
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(1) Where the seller fails to make delivery or repudiates or the buyer rightfully rejects or justifi…
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(1) After a breach within the preceding section the buyer may “cover” by making in good faith and wi…
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(1) Subject to the provisions of this division with respect to proof of market price (Section 2723),…
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(1) Where the buyer has accepted goods and given notification (subdivision (3) of Section 2607) he o…
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(1) Incidental damages resulting from the seller’s breach include expenses reasonably incurred in in…
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(1) Specific performance may be decreed where the goods are unique or in other proper circumstances.…
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The buyer on notifying the seller of his intention to do so may deduct all or any part of the damage…
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(1) Damages for breach by either party may be liquidated in the agreement subject to and in complian…
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(1) Subject to the provisions of subdivisions (2) and (3) of this section and of the preceding secti…
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Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of “cancellation” or “rescission” of the …
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Remedies for material misrepresentation or fraud include all remedies available under this division …
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Where a third party so deals with goods which have been identified to a contract for sale as to caus…
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(1) If an action based on anticipatory repudiation comes to trial before the time for performance wi…
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Whenever the prevailing price or value of any goods regularly bought and sold in any established com…
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(1) An action for breach of any contract for sale must be commenced within four years after the caus…
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As used in this chapter “goods” means goods used or bought for use primarily for personal, family or…
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In any retail sale of goods, if the manufacturer or seller of the goods issues a written warranty or…
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Negotiable Instruments.
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(a) This division applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders g…
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(a) In this division: (1) “Acceptor” means a drawee who has accepted a draft. (2) “Drawee” means a p…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (c) and (d), “negotiable instrument” means an unconditional p…
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(a) “Issue” means: (1) the first delivery of an instrument by the maker or drawer, whether to a hold…
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(a) Except as provided in this section, for the purposes of subdivision (a) of Section 3104, a promi…
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Unless the instrument otherwise provides, an instrument that states the amount payable in foreign mo…
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(a) A promise or order is “payable on demand” if it (1) states that it is payable on demand or at si…
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(a) A promise or order is payable to bearer if it is any of the following: (1) States that it is pay…
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(a) The person to whom an instrument is initially payable is determined by the intent of the person,…
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Except as otherwise provided for items in Division 4 (commencing with Section 4101), an instrument i…
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(a) Unless otherwise provided in the instrument, (1) an instrument is not payable with interest, and…
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(a) An instrument may be antedated or postdated. The date stated determines the time of payment if t…
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If an instrument contains contradictory terms, typewritten terms prevail over printed terms, handwri…
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(a) ‛Incomplete instrument‛ means a signed writing, whether or not issued by the signer, the content…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in the instrument, two or more persons who have the same liability …
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Subject to applicable law regarding exclusion of proof of contemporaneous or previous agreements, th…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (e), an action to enforce the obligation of a party to pay a n…
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In an action for breach of an obligation for which a third person is answerable over pursuant to thi…
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(a) “Negotiation” means a transfer of possession, whether voluntary or involuntary, of an instrument…
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(a) Negotiation is effective even if obtained (1) from an infant, a corporation exceeding its powers…
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(a) An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purp…
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(a) “Indorsement” means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that…
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(a) If an indorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified perso…
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(a) An indorsement limiting payment to a particular person or otherwise prohibiting further transfer…
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Reacquisition of an instrument occurs if it is transferred to a former holder, by negotiation or oth…
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“Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (a) the holder of the instrument, (b) a nonholder i…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (c) and subdivision (d) of Section 3106, “holder in due course” means the…
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(a) An instrument is issued or transferred for value if any of the following apply: (1) The instrume…
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(a) An instrument payable on demand becomes overdue at the earliest of the following times: (1) On t…
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(a) Except as stated in subdivision (b), the right to enforce the obligation of a party to pay an in…
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A person taking an instrument, other than a person having rights of a holder in due course, is subje…
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(a) In this section: (1) “Fiduciary” means an agent, trustee, partner, corporate officer or director…
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(a) In an action with respect to an instrument, the authenticity of, and authority to make, each sig…
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(a) A person not in possession of an instrument is entitled to enforce the instrument if (1) the per…
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(a) Unless otherwise agreed, if a certified check, cashier’s check, or teller’s check is taken for a…
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(a) If a person against whom a claim is asserted proves that (1) that person in good faith tendered …
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(a) In this section: (1) “Check” means a cashier’s check, teller’s check, or certified check. (2) “C…
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A person is not liable on an instrument unless (a) the person signed the instrument, or (b) the pers…
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(a) If a person acting, or purporting to act, as a representative signs an instrument by signing eit…
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(a) Unless otherwise provided in this division or Division 4 (commencing with Section 4101), an unau…
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(a) If an impostor, by use of the mails or otherwise, induces the issuer of an instrument to issue t…
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(a) In this section: (1) “Employee” includes an independent contractor and employee of an independen…
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(a) A person whose failure to exercise ordinary care contributes to an alteration of an instrument o…
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(a) “Alteration” means (1) an unauthorized change in an instrument that purports to modify in any re…
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A check or other draft does not of itself operate as an assignment of funds in the hands of the draw…
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(a) “Acceptance” means the drawee’s signed agreement to pay a draft as presented. It shall be writte…
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(a) If the terms of a drawee’s acceptance vary from the terms of the draft as presented, the holder …
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(a) In this section, “obligated bank” means the acceptor of a certified check or the issuer of a cas…
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The issuer of a note or cashier’s check or other draft drawn on the drawer is obliged to pay the ins…
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(a) The acceptor of a draft is obliged to pay the draft (1) according to its terms at the time it wa…
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(a) This section does not apply to cashier’s checks or other drafts drawn on the drawer. (b) If an u…
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(a) Subject to subdivisions (b), (c), and (d) and to subdivision (d) of Section 3419, if an instrume…
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(a) A person who transfers an instrument for consideration warrants all of the following to the tran…
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(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays …
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), if the drawee of a draft pays or accepts the draft and th…
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(a) If an instrument is issued for value given for the benefit of a party to the instrument (“accomm…
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(a) The law applicable to conversion of personal property applies to instruments. An instrument is a…
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(a) “Presentment” means a demand made by or on behalf of a person entitled to enforce an instrument …
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(a) Dishonor of a note is governed by the following rules: (1) If the note is payable on demand, the…
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(a) The obligation of an indorser stated in subdivision (a) of Section 3415 and the obligation of a …
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(a) Presentment for payment or acceptance of an instrument is excused if (1) the person entitled to …
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(a) The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice …
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(a) The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is discharged as stated in this division or by a…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (b), an instrument is paid to the extent payment is made (1) by or on beh…
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(a) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enfor…
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(a) A person entitled to enforce an instrument, with or without consideration, may discharge the obl…
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(a) In this section, the term “indorser” includes a drawer having the obligation described in subdiv…
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Bank Deposits and Collections.
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(a) To the extent that items within this division are also within Divisions 3 (commencing with Secti…
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(a) The effect of the provisions of this division may be varied by agreement, but the parties to the…
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(a) In this division unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Account” means any deposit or credi…
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In this division: (1) “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking, including a savings …
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(a) If an item states that it is “payable through” a bank identified in the item, (1) the item desig…
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A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time withi…
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(a) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances, and make the necessary entrie…
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(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a spe…
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(a) “Agreement for electronic presentment” means an agreement, clearing house rule, or Federal Reser…
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An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under this division shall be commenced wi…
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(a) Unless a contrary intent clearly appears and before the time that a settlement given by a collec…
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(a) A collecting bank shall exercise ordinary care in all of the following: (1) Presenting an item o…
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Subject to Division 3 (commencing with Section 3101) concerning conversion of instruments (Section 3…
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(a) A collecting bank shall send items by reasonably prompt method, taking into consideration releva…
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If a customer delivers an item to a depositary bank for collection both of the following apply: (a) …
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Any agreed method that identifies the transferor bank is sufficient for the item’s further transfer …
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(a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consider…
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(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays …
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(a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subse…
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(a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proce…
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For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the exte…
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(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or a…
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(a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Fed…
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(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by …
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(a) An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following: (1) P…
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(a) If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends paymen…
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(a) If a payor bank settles for a demand item other than a documentary draft presented otherwise tha…
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(a) If an item is presented to and received by a payor bank, the bank is accountable for the amount …
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(a) Any knowledge, notice, or stop-payment order received by, legal process served upon, or setoff e…
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(a) A bank may charge against the account of a customer an item that is properly payable from that a…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this division, a payor bank wrongfully dishonors an item if it d…
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(a) A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may …
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A bank is under no obligation to a customer having a checking account to pay a check, other than a c…
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(a) A payor or collecting bank’s authority to accept, pay, or collect an item or to account for proc…
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(a) A bank that sends or makes available to a customer a statement of account showing payment of ite…
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If a payor bank has paid an item over the order of the drawer or maker to stop payment, or after an …
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A bank that takes a documentary draft for collection shall present or send the draft and accompanyin…
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If a draft or the relevant instructions require presentment “on arrival,” “when goods arrive” or the…
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Unless otherwise instructed and except as provided in Division 5 (commencing with Section 5101), a b…
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(a) A presenting bank that, following the dishonor of a documentary draft, has seasonably requested …
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Letters of Credit.
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(a) In this division: (1) “Adviser” means a person who, at the request of the issuer, a confirmer, o…
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(a) This division applies to letters of credit and to certain rights and obligations arising out of …
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A letter of credit, confirmation, advice, transfer, amendment, or cancellation may be issued in any …
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Consideration is not required to issue, amend, transfer, or cancel a letter of credit, advice, or co…
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(a) A letter of credit is issued and becomes enforceable according to its terms against the issuer w…
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(a) A confirmer is directly obligated on a letter of credit and has the rights and obligations of an…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 5109, an issuer shall honor a presentation that, as dete…
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(a) If a presentation is made that appears on its face strictly to comply with the terms and conditi…
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(a) If its presentation is honored, the beneficiary warrants: (1) to the issuer, any other person to…
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(a) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its obligation to pay money under a letter of cr…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 5113, unless a letter of credit provides that it is tran…
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(a) A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive …
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(a) In this section, “proceeds of a letter of credit” means the cash, check, accepted draft, or othe…
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An action to enforce a right or obligation arising under this article must be commenced within one y…
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(a) The liability of an issuer, nominated person, or adviser for action or omission is governed by t…
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(a) An issuer that honors a beneficiary’s presentation is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiar…
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(a) An issuer or nominated person has a security interest in a document presented under a letter of …
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This division shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Bulk Sales.
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(a) In this division, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Assets” means the inventory and eq…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this division applies to a bulk sale if both of…
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In a bulk sale as defined in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 6102 t…
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(a) A notice that is governed by this section shall comply with each of the following: (1) State tha…
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(a) This section applies only to a bulk sale where the consideration is two million dollars ($2,000,…
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In any case where the notice of a bulk sale subject to Section 6106.2 states that claims may be file…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (c), and subject to the limitation in subdivision (d), a buyer…
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(a) Sections 6104, 6105, and 6107 apply to a bulk sale by auction and a bulk sale conducted by a liq…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), an action under this division against a buyer, auctioneer…
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(a) Except to the extent provided in subdivision (b), this division shall apply to a bulk sale if th…
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This division may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code—Documents of Title.
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(a) In this division, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Bailee” means a person that by a w…
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(a) This division is subject to any treaty or statute of the United States or regulatory statute of …
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a document of title is negotiable if by its ter…
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(a) Upon request of a person entitled under an electronic document of title, the issuer of the elect…
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(a) A person has control of an electronic document of title if a system employed for evidencing the …
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(a) A warehouse receipt may be issued by any warehouse. (b) If goods, including distilled spirits an…
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(a) A warehouse receipt need not be in any particular form. (b) Unless a warehouse receipt provides …
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A party to or purchaser for value in good faith of a document of title, other than a bill of lading,…
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(a) A warehouse is liable for damages for loss of or injury to the goods caused by its failure to ex…
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A buyer in ordinary course of business of fungible goods sold and delivered by a warehouse that is a…
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(a) A warehouse, by giving notice to the person on whose account the goods are held and any other pe…
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(a) Unless the warehouse receipt provides otherwise, a warehouse shall keep separate the goods cover…
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If a blank in a negotiable tangible warehouse receipt has been filled in without authority, a good-f…
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(a) A warehouse has a lien against the bailor on the goods covered by a warehouse receipt or storage…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a warehouse’s lien may be enforced by public or…
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(a) A consignee of a nonnegotiable bill of lading which has given value in good faith, or a holder t…
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(a) The issuer of a through bill of lading, or other document of title embodying an undertaking to b…
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(a) Unless the bill of lading otherwise provides, a carrier may deliver the goods to a person or des…
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(a) Except as customary in international transportation, a tangible bill of lading may not be issued…
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(a) Instead of issuing a bill of lading to the consignor at the place of shipment, a carrier, at the…
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An unauthorized alteration or filling in of a blank in a bill of lading leaves the bill enforceable …
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(a) A carrier has a lien on the goods covered by a bill of lading or on the proceeds thereof in its …
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(a) A carrier’s lien on goods may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in …
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(a) A carrier that issues a bill of lading, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, shall exercise the …
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The obligations imposed by this division on an issuer apply to a document of title even if: (1) the …
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A duplicate or any other document of title purporting to cover goods already represented by an outst…
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(a) A bailee shall deliver the goods to a person entitled under a document of title if the person co…
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A bailee that in good faith has received goods and delivered or otherwise disposed of the goods acco…
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(a) The following rules apply to a negotiable tangible document of title: (1) If the document’s orig…
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(a) Subject to Sections 7205 and 7503, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been dul…
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(a) A document of title confers no right in goods against a person that before issuance of the docum…
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(a) A transferee of a document of title, whether negotiable or nonnegotiable, to which the document …
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The indorsement of a tangible document of title issued by a bailee does not make the indorser liable…
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The transferee of a negotiable tangible document of title has a specifically enforceable right to ha…
§
If a person negotiates or delivers a document of title for value, otherwise than as a mere intermedi…
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A collecting bank or other intermediary known to be entrusted with documents of title on behalf of a…
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Whether a document of title is adequate to fulfill the obligations of a contract for sale, a contrac…
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(a) If a document of title is lost, stolen, or destroyed, a court may order delivery of the goods or…
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Unless a document of title was originally issued upon delivery of the goods by a person that did not…
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If more than one person claims title to or possession of the goods, the bailee is excused from deliv…
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Investment Securities.
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(a) In this division: (1) “Adverse claim” means a claim that a claimant has a property interest in a…
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(a) A share or similar equity interest issued by a corporation, business trust, joint stock company,…
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(a) A person acquires a security or an interest therein, under this division, if either of the follo…
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(a) A person has notice of an adverse claim if any of the following applies: (1) The person knows of…
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(a) A purchaser has “control” of a certificated security in bearer form if the certificated security…
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(a) “Appropriate person” means any of the following: (1) With respect to an endorsement, the person …
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(a) A person who transfers a certificated security to a purchaser for value warrants to the purchase…
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(a) A person who originates an entitlement order to a securities intermediary warrants all of the fo…
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(a) The local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction, as specified in subdivision (d), governs the followi…
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A rule adopted by a clearing corporation governing rights and obligations among the clearing corpora…
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(a) The interest of a debtor in a certificated security may be reached by a creditor only by actual …
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A contract or modification of a contract for the sale or purchase of a security is enforceable wheth…
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The following rules apply in an action on a certificated security against the issuer: (a) Unless spe…
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A securities intermediary that has transferred a financial asset pursuant to an effective entitlemen…
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A securities intermediary that receives a financial asset and establishes a security entitlement to …
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(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that …
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(a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security incl…
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After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate perfor…
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A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffect…
§
An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineff…
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(a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is inco…
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(a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered for…
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(a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or…
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A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the r…
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(a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer ha…
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(a) Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when any of the following occur: (1) T…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), a purchaser of a certificated or uncer…
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(a) “Protected purchaser” means a purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security, or of an i…
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(a) An endorsement may be in blank or special. An endorsement in blank includes an endorsement to be…
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(a) If an instruction has been originated by an appropriate person but is incomplete in any other re…
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(a) A person who guarantees a signature of an endorser of a security certificate warrants that at th…
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Unless otherwise agreed, the transferor of a security on due demand shall supply the purchaser with …
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(a) If a certificated security in registered form is presented to an issuer with a request to regist…
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(a) An issuer may require the following assurance that each necessary endorsement or each instructio…
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(a) A person who is an appropriate person to make an endorsement or originate an instruction may dem…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 8406, an issuer is liable for wrongful registration of t…
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(a) If an owner of a certificated security, whether in registered or bearer form, claims that the ce…
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If a security certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed, or wrongfully taken, and the owner fa…
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A person acting as authenticating trustee, transfer agent, registrar, or other agent for an issuer i…
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(a) “Securities account” means an account to which a financial asset is or may be credited in accord…
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An action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset, whether framed in conversion, replevin, co…
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(a) To the extent necessary for a securities intermediary to satisfy all security entitlements with …
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(a) A securities intermediary shall promptly obtain and thereafter maintain a financial asset in a q…
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(a) A securities intermediary shall take action to obtain a payment or distribution made by the issu…
§
A securities intermediary shall exercise rights with respect to a financial asset if directed to do …
§
(a) A securities intermediary shall comply with an entitlement order if the entitlement order is ori…
§
A securities intermediary shall act at the direction of an entitlement holder to change a security e…
§
(a) If the substance of a duty imposed upon a securities intermediary by Sections 8504 to 8508, incl…
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(a) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Division 9 (commencing with Section 9101) or the …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), if a securities intermediary does not …
§
This division becomes operative January 1, 1997.
§
(a) This division does not affect an action or proceeding commenced before this division becomes ope…
§
This division may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code-Secured Transactions.
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(a) In this division: (1) “Accession” means goods that are physically united with other goods in suc…
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(a) In this section: (1) “Purchase money collateral” means goods or software that secures a purchase…
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(a) A secured party has control of a deposit account if any of the following conditions is satisfied…
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(a) A purchaser has control of an authoritative electronic copy of a record evidencing chattel paper…
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(a) A person has control of electronic money if each of the following conditions is satisfied: (1) T…
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(a) A person has control of a certificated security, uncertificated security, or security entitlemen…
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A secured party has control of a letter-of-credit right to the extent of any right to payment or per…
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(a) A secured party has control of a controllable electronic record as provided in Section 12105. (b…
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(a) A person that has control under Section 9104, 9105, or 9105.1 is not required to acknowledge tha…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c), (d), and (e), a description of personal or rea…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) and (d), this division applies to each of the f…
§
A security interest arising under Section 2401 or 2505, or under subdivision (3) of Section 2711, or…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this code, a security agreement is effective according to its te…
§
Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payme…
§
(a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with r…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a security agreement may create or provide for …
§
(a) A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because either of the …
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(a) A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches to a person’s security entitl…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), a secured party shall use reasonable care in th…
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(a) This section applies to cases in which there is no outstanding secured obligation and the secure…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this section applies if both of the following c…
§
(a) In this section: (1) “Request” means a record of a type described in paragraph (2), (3), or (4).…
§
Except as otherwise provided in Sections 9303 to 9306.2, inclusive, the following rules determine th…
§
While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfec…
§
(a) This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relat…
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(a) The local law of a bank’s jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfec…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), the following rules apply: (1) While a security…
§
(a) Subject to subdivision (c), the local law of the issuer’s jurisdiction or a nominated person’s j…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (d), if chattel paper is evidenced only by an authoritative el…
§
(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the local law of the controllable electronic record’s jur…
§
(a) In this section, “place of business” means a place where a debtor conducts its affairs. (b) Exce…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section and in Section 9309, a security interest is perfect…
§
The following security interests are perfected when they attach: (1) A purchase money security inter…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) and in subdivision (b) of Section 9312, a financ…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), the filing of a financing statement is not nece…
§
(a) A security interest in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, co…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a secured party may perfect a security interest…
§
(a) A security interest in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable paym…
§
(a) A secured party may perfect a security interest in chattel paper by taking possession of each au…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this division and in subdivision (2) of Section 2403, both of th…
§
(a) A security interest perfected pursuant to the law of the jurisdiction designated in subdivision …
§
(a) A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of both of the following: …
§
(a) A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does no…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), for purposes of determining the rights of credi…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business takes fr…
§
(a) In this section, “licensee in ordinary course of business” means a person that becomes a license…
§
A licensee of nonexclusive rights in a motion picture that is produced pursuant to one or more colle…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, priority among conflicting security interests and …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), for purposes of determining the priority of a p…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (g), a perfected purchase money security interest in…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a security interest created by a debtor is subo…
§
(a) Subject to subdivision (b), a security interest that is created by a new debtor in collateral in…
§
A security interest in a controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payme…
§
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account…
§
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment prop…
§
The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter-of-credi…
§
(a) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is…
§
(a) This division does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a …
§
(a) A transferee of tangible money takes the money free of a security interest if the transferee rec…
§
(a) In this section, “possessory lien” means an interest, other than a security interest or an agric…
§
(a) A security interest under this division may be created in goods that are fixtures or may continu…
§
(a) A security interest may be created in an accession and continues in collateral that becomes an a…
§
(a) In this section, “commingled goods” means goods that are physically united with other goods in s…
§
If, while a security interest in goods is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdict…
§
If a security interest or agricultural lien is perfected by a filed financing statement providing in…
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This division does not preclude subordination by agreement by a person entitled to priority.
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a bank with which a deposit account is maintain…
§
Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c) of Section 9340, and unless the bank otherwise agree…
§
This division does not require a bank to enter into an agreement of the kind described in paragraph …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b) and in Sections 9406, 9407, 9408, and 9409, whet…
§
The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose o…
§
(a) In this section, “value” has the meaning provided in subdivision (a) of Section 3303. (b) Except…
§
(a) Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and…
§
(a) A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if m…
§
(a) Subject to subdivisions (b) to (i), inclusive, and (l), an account debtor on an account, chattel…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to t…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b) and (f), a term in a promissory note or in an a…
§
(a) A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicab…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), if the local law of this state governs perfecti…
§
(a) Subject to subdivision (b), a financing statement is sufficient only if it satisfies all of the …
§
(a) A financing statement sufficiently provides the name of the debtor only if it does so in accorda…
§
A financing statement sufficiently indicates the collateral that it covers if the financing statemen…
§
(a) A consignor, lessor, or other bailor of goods, a licensor, or a buyer of a payment intangible or…
§
(a) A financing statement substantially satisfying the requirements of this part is effective, even …
§
(a) A filed financing statement remains effective with respect to collateral that is sold, exchanged…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, a filed financing statement naming an original deb…
§
(a) A person may file an initial financing statement, an amendment that adds collateral covered by a…
§
(a) A filed record is effective only to the extent that it was filed by a person that may file it un…
§
(a) A secured party of record with respect to a financing statement is a person whose name is provid…
§
(a) Subject to Section 9509, a person may add or delete collateral covered by, continue or terminate…
§
(a) A secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to file a term…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), an initial financing statement may reflect an a…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (b), (e), (f), and (g), a filed financing statement…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), communication of a record to a filing office an…
§
The failure of the filing office to index a record correctly does not affect the effectiveness of th…
§
(a) A person may file in the filing office an information statement with respect to a record indexed…
§
(a) For each record filed in a filing office, the filing office shall do all of the following: (1) A…
§
(a) A filing office shall refuse to accept a record for filing for a reason set forth in subdivision…
§
(a) A filing office that accepts written records may not refuse to accept a written initial financin…
§
(a) The filing office shall maintain a record of the information provided in a filed financing state…
§
(a) If a person that files a written record requests an acknowledgment of the filing, the filing off…
§
Delay by the filing office beyond a time limit prescribed by this chapter is excused if both of the …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), the fee for filing and indexing a record under …
§
(a) The Secretary of State shall adopt and publish rules to implement this division. The filing-offi…
§
(a) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings: (1) “Official fil…
§
Upon the request of any person, the Secretary of State shall issue a combined certificate showing th…
§
(a) After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this chapter and, except as otherwise …
§
Except as otherwise provided in Section 9624, to the extent that they give rights to a debtor or obl…
§
(a) The parties may determine by agreement the standards measuring the fulfillment of the rights of …
§
(a) If an obligation secured by a security interest in personal property or fixtures is also secured…
§
(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), a secured party does not owe a duty based on its status a…
§
For purposes of this chapter, a default occurs in connection with an agricultural lien at the time t…
§
(a) If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party may do all of the following: (1) N…
§
(a) If a security interest or agricultural lien secures payment or performance of an obligation, the…
§
(a) After default, a secured party may do both of the following: (1) Take possession of the collater…
§
(a) After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of t…
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(a) In this section, “notification date” means the earlier of the date on which: (1) A secured party…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), whether a notification is sent within a reasona…
§
(a) Except in a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply: (1) The contents of a notific…
§
(a) In a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules apply: (1) A notification of disposition mu…
§
(a) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash proceeds of disposition under S…
§
(a) In this section: (1) “Explanation” means a record that contains all of the following: (A) States…
§
(a) A secured party’s disposition of collateral after default does all of the following: (1) Transfe…
§
(a) A secondary obligor acquires the rights and becomes obligated to perform the duties of the secur…
§
(a) In this section, “transfer statement” means a record signed by a secured party stating all of th…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (g), a secured party may accept collateral in full o…
§
(a) A secured party that desires to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligat…
§
(a) A secured party’s acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it …
§
(a) A debtor, any secondary obligor, or any other secured party or lienholder may redeem collateral.…
§
(a) A debtor or secondary obligor may waive the right to notification of disposition of collateral u…
§
(a) If it is established that a secured party is not proceeding in accordance with this division, a …
§
(a) In an action arising from a transaction, other than a consumer transaction, in which the amount …
§
(a) The fact that a greater amount could have been obtained by a collection, enforcement, dispositio…
§
(a) Subject to subdivision (e), unless a secured party knows that a person is a debtor or obligor, k…
§
No renunciation or modification by the debtor of any of his or her rights under this chapter as to c…
§
This division shall become operative on July 1, 2001.
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, this division applies to a transaction or lien wit…
§
(a) A security interest that is enforceable immediately before July 1, 2001, and would have priority…
§
All of the following rules apply with respect to a security interest that is enforceable immediately…
§
(a) If action, other than the filing of a financing statement, is taken before July 1, 2001, and the…
§
(a) The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in Section 9501 continues t…
§
(a) In this section, “pre-effective-date financing statement” means a financing statement filed befo…
§
A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this chapter if b…
§
(a) This division determines priority of conflicting claims to collateral. However, if the relative …
§
The changes to this division made by the act adding this chapter shall become operative on July 1, 2…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the changes to this division made by the act addin…
§
(a) A security interest that is a perfected security interest immediately before July 1, 2014, is a …
§
A security interest that is an unperfected security interest immediately before July 1, 2014, become…
§
(a) The filing of a financing statement before July 1, 2014, is effective to perfect a security inte…
§
(a) The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in Section 9501 continues t…
§
(a) In this section, “preeffective-date financing statement” means a financing statement filed befor…
§
A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this chapter if t…
§
The changes to this division made by the act adding this chapter determine the priority of conflicti…
§
(a) The changes to this division made by the act adding this chapter become operative on January 1, …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the changes to this division made by the act addin…
§
A security interest that is a perfected security interest immediately before January 1, 2015, is a p…
§
A security interest that is an unperfected security interest immediately before January 1, 2015, bec…
§
(a) The filing of a financing statement before January 1, 2015, is effective to perfect a security i…
§
A person may file an initial financing statement or a continuation statement under this chapter if t…
§
The changes to this division made by the act adding this chapter determine the priority of conflicti…
§
This division shall be known and may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code—Leases.
§
(a) This division applies to any transaction, regardless of form, that creates a lease and, in the c…
§
(a) In this division, unless the context otherwise requires: (1) “Buyer in ordinary course of busine…
§
(a) A lease, although subject to this division, is also subject to any applicable: (1) Certificate o…
§
Subject to the provisions of subdivision (c) of Section 10304 and subdivision (c) of Section 10305, …
§
(a) If the law chosen by the parties to a consumer lease is that of a jurisdiction other than a juri…
§
Any claim or right arising out of an alleged default or breach of warranty may be discharged in whol…
§
(a) A lease contract is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless: (1) In a lease contract …
§
Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise s…
§
(a) A lease contract may be made in any manner sufficient to show agreement, including conduct by bo…
§
An offer by a merchant to lease goods to or from another person in a signed record that by its terms…
§
(a) Unless otherwise unambiguously indicated by the language or circumstances, an offer to make a le…
§
(a) An agreement modifying a lease contract needs no consideration to be binding. (b) A signed lease…
§
(a) The benefit of a supplier’s promises to the lessor under the supply contract and of all warranti…
§
(a) Express warranties by the lessor are created as follows: (1) Any affirmation of fact or promise …
§
(a) There is in a lease contract a warranty that for the lease term no person holds a claim to or in…
§
(a) Except in a finance lease, a warranty that the goods will be merchantable is implied in a lease …
§
Except in a finance lease, if the lessor at the time the lease contract is made has reason to know o…
§
(a) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to…
§
Warranties, whether express or implied, must be construed as consistent with each other and as cumul…
§
Identification of goods as goods to which a lease contract refers may be made at any time and in any…
§
(a) A lessee obtains an insurable interest when existing goods are identified to the lease contract …
§
(a) Except in the case of a finance lease, risk of loss is retained by the lessor and does not pass …
§
(a) Where risk of loss is to pass to the lessee and the time of passage is not stated: (1) If a tend…
§
If a lease contract requires goods identified when the lease contract is made, and the goods suffer …
§
Except as otherwise provided in this division, a lease contract is effective and enforceable accordi…
§
Except as otherwise provided in this division, each provision of this division applies whether the l…
§
(a) As used in the section, “creation of a security interest” includes the sale of a lease contract …
§
(a) Subject to Section 10303, a subsequent lessee from a lessor of goods under an existing lease con…
§
(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 10303, a buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods under …
§
If a person in the ordinary course of his or her business furnishes services or materials with respe…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 10306, a creditor of a lessee takes subject to the lease…
§
(a) A creditor of a lessor in possession of goods subject to a lease contract may treat the lease co…
§
(a) In this section: (1) Goods are “fixtures” when they become so related to particular real estate …
§
(a) Goods are “accessions” when they are installed in or affixed to other goods. (b) The interest of…
§
Nothing in this division prevents subordination by agreement by any person entitled to priority.
§
(a) A lease contract imposes an obligation on each party that the other’s expectation of receiving d…
§
(a) If either party repudiates a lease contract, other than a consumer lease, with respect to a perf…
§
(a) Until the repudiating party’s next performance is due, the repudiating party can retract the rep…
§
(a) If without fault of the lessee, the lessor, and the supplier, the agreed berthing, loading, or u…
§
Subject to Section 10404 on substituted performance, the following rules apply: (1) Delay in deliver…
§
(a) If the lessee receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified…
§
(a) In the case of a finance lease that is not a consumer lease the lessee’s promises under the leas…
§
(a) Whether the lessor or the lessee is in default under a lease contract is determined by the lease…
§
Except as otherwise provided in this division or the lease agreement, the lessor or lessee in defaul…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this division, the lease agreement may include rights and remedi…
§
(a) Damages payable by either party for default, or any other act or omission, including indemnity f…
§
(a) On cancellation of the lease contract, all obligations that are still executory on both sides ar…
§
(a) An action for default under a lease contract, including breach of warranty or indemnity, must be…
§
(a) Damages based on market rent (Section 10519 or 10528) are determined according to the rent for t…
§
(a) If a lessor fails to deliver the goods in conformity to the lease contract (Section 10509) or re…
§
(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 10510 on default in installment lease contracts, if the goo…
§
(a) Under an installment lease contract, a lessee may reject any delivery that is nonconforming if t…
§
(a) Subject to any security interest of a lessee (subdivision (e) of Section 10508), if a lessor or …
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided with respect to goods that threaten to decline in value speedily (S…
§
(a) If any tender or delivery by the lessor or the supplier is rejected because it is nonconforming …
§
(a) In rejecting goods, a lessee’s failure to state a particular defect that is ascertainable by rea…
§
(a) Acceptance of goods occurs after the lessee has had a reasonable opportunity to inspect the good…
§
(a) A lessee must pay rent for any goods accepted in accordance with the lease contract, with due al…
§
(a) A lessee may revoke acceptance of a lot or commercial unit whose nonconformity substantially imp…
§
(a) After a default by a lessor under the lease contract of the type described in subdivision (a) of…
§
(a) Except as otherwise provided with respect to damages liquidated in the lease agreement (Section …
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(a) Incidental damages resulting from a lessor’s default include expenses reasonably incurred in ins…
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(a) Specific performance may be decreed if the goods are unique or in other proper circumstances. (b…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (b) and even though the goods have not been shipped, a lessee who has pai…
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(a) If a lessee wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment when du…
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(a) After a default by the lessee under the lease contract of the type described in subdivision (a) …
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(a) If a lessor discovers the lessee to be insolvent, the lessor may refuse to deliver the goods. (b…
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(a) A lessor may stop delivery of goods in the possession of a carrier or other bailee if the lessor…
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(a) After a default by a lessee under the lease contract of the type described in subdivision (a) of…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided with respect to damages liquidated in the lease agreement (Section …
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(a) After default by the lessee under the lease contract of the type described in subdivision (a) of…
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Incidental damages to an aggrieved lessor include any commercially reasonable charges, expenses, or …
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(a) If a third party so deals with goods that have been identified to a lease contract as to cause a…
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In addition to any other recovery permitted by this division or other law, the lessor may recover fr…
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This division shall apply to all lease contracts that are first made or that first become effective …
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Funds Transfers.
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Except as otherwise provided in Section 11108, this division applies to funds transfers defined in S…
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(a) In this division: (1) “Payment order” means an instruction of a sender to a receiving bank, tran…
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In this division: (a) “Funds transfer” means the series of transactions, beginning with the originat…
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(a) In this division: (1) “Authorized account” means a deposit account of a customer in a bank desig…
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(a) The time of receipt of a payment order or communication canceling or amending a payment order is…
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Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the F…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), this division does not apply to a funds transfer any part…
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“Security procedure” means a procedure established by agreement of a customer and a receiving bank f…
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(a) A payment order received by the receiving bank is the authorized order of the person identified …
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(a) If an accepted payment order is not, under subdivision (a) of Section 11202, an authorized order…
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(a) If a receiving bank accepts a payment order issued in the name of its customer as sender which i…
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(a) If an accepted payment order was transmitted pursuant to a security procedure for the detection …
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(a) If a payment order addressed to a receiving bank is transmitted to a funds-transfer system or ot…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (b), if, in a payment order received by the beneficiary’s bank, the name,…
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(a) This subdivision applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary’…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (d), a receiving bank other than the beneficiary’s bank accepts a payment…
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(a) A payment order is rejected by the receiving bank by a notice of rejection transmitted to the se…
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(a) A communication of the sender of a payment order canceling or amending the order may be transmit…
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If a receiving bank fails to accept a payment order that it is obliged by express agreement to accep…
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(a) A payment order is “executed” by the receiving bank when it issues a payment order intended to c…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) to (d), inclusive, if the receiving bank accepts a paymen…
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(a) A receiving bank that (i) executes the payment order of the sender by issuing a payment order in…
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If the sender of a payment order that is erroneously executed as stated in Section 11303 receives no…
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(a) If a funds transfer is completed but execution of a payment order by the receiving bank in breac…
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“Payment date” of a payment order means the day on which the amount of the order is payable to the b…
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(a) This section is subject to Sections 11205 and 11207. (b) With respect to a payment order issued …
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(a) Payment of the sender’s obligation under Section 11402 to pay the receiving bank occurs as follo…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (e) of Section 11211, and subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 11405, if a…
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(a) If the beneficiary’s bank credits an account of the beneficiary of a payment order, payment of t…
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(a) Subject to subdivision (e) of Section 11211 and subdivisions (d) and (e) of Section 11405, the o…
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(a) Except as otherwise provided in this division, the rights and obligations of a party to a funds …
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(a) As used in this section, “creditor process” means levy, attachment, garnishment, notice of lien,…
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For proper cause and in compliance with applicable law, a court may restrain (i) a person from issui…
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(a) If a receiving bank has received more than one payment order of the sender or one or more paymen…
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If a receiving bank has received payment from its customer with respect to a payment order issued in…
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(a) If, under this division, a receiving bank is obliged to pay interest with respect to a payment o…
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(a) The following rules apply unless the affected parties otherwise agree or subdivision (c) applies…
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This division may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code—Controllable Electronic Records.
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(a) In this division, the following definitions apply: (1) “Controllable electronic record” means a …
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(a) If there is conflict between this division and Division 9 (commencing with Section 9101), Divisi…
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(a) This section applies to the acquisition and purchase of rights in a controllable account or cont…
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(a) A person has control of a controllable electronic record if the electronic record, a record atta…
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(a) An account debtor on a controllable account or controllable payment intangible may discharge its…
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(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the local law of a controllable electronic record’s juris…
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This code shall become effective on January 1, 1965. It applies to transactions entered into and eve…
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Transactions validly entered into before January 1, 1965, and the rights, duties, and interests flow…
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Except as provided in the following section, all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with this act a…
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(1) A financing statement or a continuation thereof, properly filed and effective pursuant to Sectio…
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The amendments to this code, as adopted by the Legislature at the 1973–74 Regular Session, shall bec…
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The provisions of Division 13 shall continue to apply to this code, as amended by the Legislature at…
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Transactions validly entered into after January 1, 1965, and before January 1, 1976, and which were …
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A security interest for the perfection of which filing or the taking of possession was required unde…
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(1) A financing statement or continuation statement filed prior to January 1, 1976, which shall not …
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(1) If a security interest is perfected or has priority on January 1, 1976, as to all persons or as …
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Except as otherwise provided in this division, this code as it existed prior to January 1, 1976, sha…
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Unless a change in law has clearly been made, the provisions of this code as amended by the Legislat…
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(1) The amendments to this code relating to fixtures adopted by the Legislature at the 1979–1980 Reg…
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The repeal and addition of Division 8 (commencing with Section 8101) made at the 1984 portion of the…
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The provisions of Division 13 (commencing with Section 13101) and Division 14 (commencing with Secti…
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The owner of an interest (other than a security interest) in an uncertificated security (paragraph (…
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A secured party who has a security interest in an uncertificated security (paragraph (b) of subdivis…
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The repeal and addition of Division 3 (commencing with Section 3101) and the repeal and addition, th…
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The provisions of Division 13 (commencing with Section 13101), Division 14 (commencing with Section …
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Nothing in this division shall have the effect of (a) reviving a cause of action barred by limitatio…
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Unless a change in law, as contrasted with a clarification, has clearly been made, this code, as it …
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This division may be cited as Transitional Provisions for Uniform Commercial Code Amendments (2022).
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(a) In this division, the following definitions apply. (1) “Adjustment date” means July 1, 2025, or …
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Except as provided in Chapter 3 (commencing with Section 17301), a transaction validly entered into …
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(a) Except as provided in this chapter, Division 9 (commencing with Section 9101), as amended by the…
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(a) A security interest that is enforceable and perfected immediately before the effective date of t…
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A security interest that is enforceable immediately before the effective date of the act adding this…
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(a) If action, other than the filing of a financing statement, is taken before the effective date of…
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(a) Subject to subdivisions (b) and (c), the act adding this division determines the priority of con…
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(a) Subject to subdivisions (b) and (c), Division 12 determines the priority of conflicting claims t…