North Carolina

Chapter 1.

§ 1-2. Actions.

§ 1-3. Special proceedings.

§ 1-4. Kinds of actions.

§ 1-5. Criminal action.

§ 1-6. Civil action.

§ 1-7. When court means clerk.

§ 1-9. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-10. Plaintiff and defendant.

§ 1-11. How party may appear.

§ 1-12. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-13. Jurisdiction of clerk.

§ 1-15. Statute runs from accrual of action.

§ 1-15.1. Statutes of limitation and repose for civil actions seeking to recover damages arising out of a criminal act.

§ 1-16. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-17. Disabilities.

§ 1-18. Repealed by Session Laws 2025-25, s.

§ 1-19. Cumulative disabilities.

§ 1-20. Disability must exist when right of action accrues.

§ 1-21. Defendant out of State; when action begun or judgment enforced.

§ 1-22. Death before limitation expires; action by or against personal representative or collector.

§ 1-23. Time of stay by injunction or prohibition.

§ 1-24. Time during controversy on probate of will or granting letters.

§ 1-25. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-26. New promise must be in writing.

§ 1-27. Act, admission or acknowledgment by party to obligation, co-obligor or guarantor.

§ 1-28. Undisclosed partner.

§ 1-29. Cotenants.

§ 1-30. Applicable to actions by State.

§ 1-31. Action upon a mutual, open and current account.

§ 1-32. Not applicable to bank bills.

§ 1-33. Actions against bank directors or stockholders.

§ 1-34. Aliens in time of war.

§ 1-36. Title presumed out of State.

§ 1-37. Such possession valid against claimants under State.

§ 1-38. Seven years' possession under color of title.

§ 1-39. Seizin within twenty years necessary.

§ 1-40. Twenty years adverse possession.

§ 1-41. Action after entry.

§ 1-42. Possession follows legal title; severance of surface and subsurface rights.

§ 1-42.1. Certain ancient mineral claims extinguished in certain counties.

§ 1-42.2. Certain additional ancient mineral claims extinguished; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded and listed for taxation.

§ 1-42.3. Additional ancient mineral claims extinguished in certain counties; oil, gas and mineral i…

§ 1-42.4. Additional ancient mineral claims extinguished in Ashe County; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded and listed for taxation.

§ 1-42.5. Additional ancient mineral claims extinguished in Avery County; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded in such county.

§ 1-42.6. Additional ancient oil, gas or mineral interests extinguished in Alleghany County; recording interests; listing interests for taxation.

§ 1-42.7. Additional amount mineral claims extinguished in Chatham County; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded and listed for taxation.

§ 1-42.8. Ancient mineral claims extinguished in Rutherford County; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded and listed for taxation.

§ 1-42.9. Ancient mineral claims extinguished; oil, gas and mineral interests to be recorded and listed for taxation.

§ 1-43. Tenant's possession is landlord's.

§ 1-44. No title by possession of right-of-way.

§ 1-44.1. Presumption of abandonment of railroad right-of-way.

§ 1-44.2. Presumptive ownership of abandoned railroad easements.

§ 1-45. No title by possession of public ways.

§ 1-45.1. No adverse possession of property subject to public trust rights.

§ 1-46.1. Twelve years.

§ 1-47. Ten years.

§ 1-48. Transferred to § 1-54, subdivision (6), by Session Laws 1951, c.

§ 1-49. Seven years.

§ 1-50. Six years.

§ 1-51. Five years.

§ 1-52. Three years.

§ 1-53. Two years.

§ 1-54. One year.

§ 1-54.1. Sixty days.

§ 1-55. Six months.

§ 1-56.1. No limitation for certain actions.

§ 1-58. Suits for penalties.

§ 1-59. Suit for penalty, plaintiff may reply fraud to plea of release.

§ 1-60. Suit on bonds; defendant may plead satisfaction.

§ 1-61. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-62. Action by purchaser under judicial sale.

§§ 1-63 through 1-64.

§§ 1-65 through 1-65.4.

§ 1-65.5. Repealed by Session Laws 1969, c.

§§ 1-66 through 1-69.

§ 1-69.1. Unincorporated associations and partnerships; suit by or against.

§§ 1-70 through 1-71.

§ 1-72. Persons jointly liable.

§ 1-72.1. Procedure to assert right of access.

§ 1-72.2. Standing of legislative officers.

§ 1-72.3. State a party to certain actions.

§§ 1-73 through 1-75.

§ 1-75.2. Definitions.

§ 1-75.3. Jurisdictional requirements for judgments against persons, status and things.

§ 1-75.4. Personal jurisdiction, grounds for generally.

§ 1-75.5. Joinder of causes in the same action.

§ 1-75.6. Personal jurisdiction - Manner of exercising by service of process.

§ 1-75.7. Personal jurisdiction - Grounds for without service of summons.

§ 1-75.8. Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Grounds for generally.

§ 1-75.9. Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem - Manner of exercising.

§ 1-75.10. Proof of service of summons, defendant appearing in action.

§ 1-75.11. Judgment against nonappearing defendant, proof of jurisdiction.

§ 1-75.12. Stay of proceeding to permit trial in a foreign jurisdiction or filing of a bankruptcy trust claim.

§ 1-76.1. Where deficiency debtor resides or where loan was negotiated.

§ 1-77. Where cause of action arose.

§ 1-78. Official bonds, executors and administrators.

§ 1-79. Domestic corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies, and registered limited liability partnerships.

§ 1-80. Foreign corporations.

§ 1-81. Actions against railroads.

§ 1-81.1. Venue in apportionment or redistricting cases; certain injunctive relief actions.

§ 1-81.2. (Effective once contingency met - see note) Venue in complex business cases.

§ 1-82. Venue in all other cases.

§ 1-83. Change of venue.

§ 1-84. Removal for fair trial.

§ 1-85. Affidavits on hearing for removal; when removal ordered.

§ 1-86. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-87. Transcript of removal; subsequent proceedings; depositions.

§ 1-87.1. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-87.2: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.3: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.4: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.5: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.6: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.7: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.8: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.9: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.10: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.11: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-87.13. Public policy.

§ 1-87.14. Nonapplication of foreign law that would violate fundamental constitutional rights.

§ 1-87.15. Interpretation of contracts providing for choice of foreign law.

§ 1-87.16. Interpretation of contracts providing for choice of foreign venue or forum.

§ 1-87.17. Motions to transfer proceedings to a foreign venue or forum.

§ 1-87.18. Contracts not capable of modification to preserve fundamental constitutional rights void.

§ 1-87.19. Strict construction of waivers of constitutional rights.

§ 1-87.20. Application.

§§ 1-92 through 1-93.

§§ 1-94 through 1-98.

§§ 1-98.1 through 1-98.4.

§ 1-99. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§§ 1-99.1 through 1-99.4.

§§ 1-100 through 1-104.

§ 1-105. Service upon nonresident drivers of motor vehicles and upon the personal representatives of deceased nonresident drivers of motor vehicles.

§ 1-105.1. Service on residents who establish residence outside the State and on residents who depart from the State.

§§ 1-106 through 1-107.3.

§ 1-108. Defense after judgment set aside.

§ 1-110. Suit as an indigent; counsel; suits filed pro se by prison inmates.

§ 1-111. Defendant's, for costs and damages in actions for land.

§ 1-112. Defense without bond.

§ 1-114. Summoned after judgment; defense.

§ 1-115: Repealed by Session Laws 1969, c.

§ 1-116.1. Service of notice.

§ 1-117. Cross-index of lis pendens.

§ 1-118. Effect on subsequent purchasers.

§ 1-119. Notice void unless action prosecuted.

§ 1-120. Cancellation of notice.

§ 1-120.1. Article applicable to suits in federal courts.

§ 1-120.2. Filing of notice by cities and counties in certain cases.

§ 1-139. Burden of proof of contributory negligence.

§ 1-148. Verification before what officer.

§ 1-149. When verification omitted; use in criminal prosecutions.

§§ 1-150 through 1-160.

§ 1-164. Amendment changing nature of action or relief; effect.

§ 1-165. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-166. Defendant sued in fictitious name; amendment.

§§ 1-167 through 1-169.

§ 1-174: Repealed by Session Laws 1999-216, s.2.

§§ 1-175 through 1-179.

§ 1-180. Repealed by Session Laws 1977, c.

§ 1-180.1. Judge not to comment on verdict.

§ 1-181. Requests for special instructions.

§ 1-181.1. View by jury.

§ 1-181.2. Use of evidence by the jury.

§ 1-182. Repealed by Session Laws 1977, c.

§ 1-183. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-183.1. Effect on counterclaim of dismissal as to plaintiff's claim.

§§ 1-184 through 1-185.

§ 1-186. Repealed by Session Laws 2023-54, s.

§ 1-187. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-202. Special controls general.

§§ 1-203 through 1-207.

§ 1-208.1. Judgment docket, judgment and docket book defined.

§ 1-209. Judgments authorized to be entered by clerk; sale of property; continuance pending sale; writs of assistance and possession.

§ 1-209.1. Petitioner who abandons condemnation proceeding taxed with fee for respondent's attorney.

§ 1-209.2. Voluntary nonsuit by petitioner in condemnation proceeding.

§ 1-210. Return of execution; order for disbursement of proceeds.

§§ 1-211 through 1-215.

§ 1-215.1. Judgments or orders not rendered on Mondays validated.

§ 1-215.2. Time within which judgments or orders signed on days other than Mondays may be attacked.

§ 1-215.3. Validation of conveyances pursuant to orders made on days other than Mondays.

§ 1-216. Repealed by Session Laws 1943, c.

§ 1-217. Certain default judgments validated.

§ 1-217.1. Judgments based on summons erroneously designated alias or pluries validated.

§ 1-217.2. Judgments by default to remove cloud from title to real estate validated.

§§ 1-218 through 1-222.

§ 1-223. Against married persons.

§§ 1-224 through 1-227.

§ 1-228. Regarded as a deed and registered.

§ 1-229. Certified registered copy evidence.

§ 1-230. In action for recovery of personal property.

§ 1-231. What judge approves judgments.

§ 1-232. Judgment roll.

§ 1-233. Docketed and indexed.

§ 1-234. Where and how docketed; lien.

§ 1-235. Of appellate division docketed in superior court; lien.

§ 1-236. Repealed by Session Laws 1971, c.

§ 1-236.1. Transcripts of judgments certified by deputy clerks validated.

§ 1-237. Judgments of federal courts docketed; lien on property; recordation; conformity with federal law.

§ 1-238. Repealed by Session Laws 1943, c.

§ 1-239. Paid to clerk; docket credited; transcript to other counties; notice to attorney for judgme…

§ 1-239.1. Records of cancellation, assignment, etc., of judgments recorded by photographic process.

§ 1-240. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-241. Clerk to pay money to party entitled.

§ 1-242. Credits upon judgments.

§ 1-243. For money due on judicial sale.

§ 1-244. Repealed by Session Laws 1971, c.

§ 1-245. Cancellation of judgments discharged through bankruptcy proceedings.

§ 1-246. Assignment of judgment to be entered on judgment docket, signed and witnessed.

§ 1-254. Courts given power of construction of all instruments.

§ 1-255. Who may apply for a declaration.

§ 1-256. Enumeration of declarations not exclusive.

§ 1-257. Discretion of court.

§ 1-258. Review.

§ 1-259. Supplemental relief.

§ 1-260. Parties.

§ 1-261. Jury trial.

§ 1-262. Hearing before judge where no issues of fact raised or jury trial waived; what judge may hear.

§ 1-263. Costs.

§ 1-264. Liberal construction and administration.

§ 1-265. Word "person" construed.

§ 1-266. Uniformity of interpretation.

§ 1-267. Short title.

§ 1-269. Certiorari, recordari, and supersedeas.

§ 1-270. Appeal to appellate division; security on appeal; stay.

§ 1-271. Who may appeal.

§§ 1-272 through 1-276: Repealed by Session Laws 1999-216, s.

§ 1-277. Appeal from superior or district court judge.

§ 1-278. Interlocutory orders reviewed on appeal from judgment.

§ 1-279. Repealed by Session Laws 1989, c.377, s.

§ 1-279.1. Manner and time for giving notice of appeal to appellate division in civil actions and in special proceedings.

§ 1-280. Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c.

§ 1-281. Appeals from judgments not in session.

§ 1-282. Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c.

§ 1-283. Trial judge empowered to settle record on appeal; effect of leaving office or of disability.

§ 1-284. Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c.

§ 1-285. Undertaking on appeal.

§ 1-286. Justification of sureties.

§ 1-287. Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c.

§ 1-287.1. Repealed by Session Laws 1975, c.

§ 1-288. Appeals by indigents; clerk's fees.

§ 1-289. Undertaking to stay execution on money judgment.

§ 1-290. How judgment for personal property stayed.

§ 1-291. How judgment directing conveyance stayed.

§ 1-292. How judgment for real property stayed.

§ 1-293. Docket entry of stay.

§ 1-294. Scope of stay; security limited for fiduciaries.

§ 1-295. Undertaking in one or more instruments; served on appellee.

§ 1-296. Judgment not vacated by stay.

§ 1-297. Judgment on appeal and on undertakings; restitution.

§ 1-298. Procedure after determination of appeal.

§§ 1-299 through 1-301: Repealed by Session Laws 1971, c.

§ 1-301.2. Transfer or appeal of special proceedings; exceptions.

§ 1-301.3. Appeal of trust and estate matters determined by clerk.

§ 1-303. Kinds of; signed by clerk; when sealed.

§ 1-304. Against married woman.

§ 1-305. Clerk to issue, in six weeks; limitations on issuance.

§ 1-306. Enforcement as of course.

§ 1-307. Issued from and returned to court of rendition.

§ 1-308. To what counties issued.

§ 1-309. Sale of land under execution.

§ 1-310. When dated and returnable.

§ 1-311. Against the person.

§ 1-312. Rights against property of defendant dying in execution.

§ 1-313. Form of execution.

§ 1-314. Variance between judgment and execution.

§ 1-315. Property liable to sale under execution; bill of sale.

§ 1-316. Sale of trust estates; purchaser's title.

§ 1-317. Sheriff's deed on sale of equity of redemption.

§ 1-318. Forthcoming bond for personal property.

§ 1-319. Procedure on giving bond; subsequent levies.

§ 1-320. Summary remedy on forthcoming bond.

§ 1-321. Entry of returns on judgment docket; penalty.

§ 1-322. Cost of keeping livestock; officer's account.

§ 1-323. Purchaser of defective title; remedy against defendant.

§ 1-324. Repealed by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-324.1. Judgment against corporation; property subject to execution.

§ 1-324.2. Agent must furnish information as to corporate officers and property.

§ 1-324.3. Shares subject to execution; agent must furnish information.

§ 1-324.4. Debts due corporation subject to execution; duty, etc., of agent.

§ 1-324.5. Violations of three preceding sections misdemeanor.

§ 1-324.6. Proceedings when custodian of corporate books is a nonresident.

§ 1-324.7. Duty and liability of nonresident custodian.

§ 1-329. Transferred to § 1-339.72 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-330. Repealed by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-331. Transferred to § 1-339.73 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-332. Transferred to § 1-339.74 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§§ 1-333 through 1-334.

§ 1-335. Transferred to § 1-339.75 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-336. Repealed by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-337. Transferred to § 1-339.49 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-338. Transferred to § 1-339.50 by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-339. Repealed by Session Laws 1949, c.

§ 1-339.2. Application of Part 1.

§ 1-339.3. Application of Article to sale ordered by clerk; by judge; authority to fix procedural details.

§ 1-339.3A. Judge or clerk may order public or private sale.

§ 1-339.4. Who may hold sale.

§ 1-339.5. Days on which sale may be held.

§ 1-339.6. Place of public sale.

§ 1-339.7. Presence of personal property at public sale required.

§ 1-339.8. Public sale of separate tracts in different counties.

§ 1-339.9. Sale as a whole or in parts.

§ 1-339.10. Bond of person holding sale.

§ 1-339.11. Compensation of person holding sale.

§ 1-339.12. Clerk's authority to compel report or accounting; contempt proceeding.

§ 1-339.13A. Public sale of timber by sealed bid; appraisal; bid procedure.

§ 1-339.14. Public sale; judge's approval of clerk's order of sale.

§ 1-339.15. Public sale; contents of notice of sale.

§ 1-339.16. Public sale; time for beginning advertisement.

§ 1-339.17. Public sale; posting and publishing notice of sale of real property.

§ 1-339.18. Public sale; posting notice of sale of personal property.

§ 1-339.19. Public sale; exception; perishable property.

§ 1-339.20. Public sale; postponement of sale.

§ 1-339.21. Public sale by auction; time of sale.

§ 1-339.22. Public sale by auction; continuance of uncompleted sale.

§ 1-339.23. Public sale; when confirmation of sale of personal property necessary; delivery of property; bill of sale.

§ 1-339.24. Public sale; report of sale; when final as to personal property.

§ 1-339.25. Public sale; upset bid on real property; compliance bond.

§ 1-339.26. Public sale by auction; separate upset bids when real property sold in parts; subsequent procedure.

§ 1-339.27: Repealed by Session Laws 2001-271, s.

§ 1-339.27A. Ordering resale of real property after sale or upset bid.

§ 1-339.28. Public sale; confirmation of sale.

§ 1-339.29. Public sale; real property; deed; order for possession.

§ 1-339.30. Public sale; failure of bidder to make cash deposit or to comply with bid; resale.

§ 1-339.31. Public sale; report of commissioner or trustee in deed of trust.

§ 1-339.32. Public sale; final report of person, other than commissioner or trustee in deed of trust.

§ 1-339.34. Private sale; exception; certain personal property.

§ 1-339.35. Private sale; report of sale.

§ 1-339.36. Private sale; upset bid; subsequent procedure; defaulting bidder.

§ 1-339.37. Private sale; confirmation.

§ 1-339.38. Private sale; real property; deed; order for possession.

§ 1-339.39. Private sale; personal property; delivery; bill of sale.

§ 1-339.40. Private sale; final report.

§ 1-339.42. Clerk's authority to fix procedural details.

§ 1-339.43. Days on which sale may be held.

§ 1-339.44. Place of sale.

§ 1-339.45. Presence of personal property at sale required.

§ 1-339.46. Sale as a whole or in parts.

§ 1-339.47. Sale to be made for cash.

§ 1-339.48. Life of execution.

§ 1-339.49. Penalty for selling contrary to law.

§ 1-339.50. Officer's return of no sale for want of bidders; penalty.

§ 1-339.52. Posting and publishing notice of sale of real property.

§ 1-339.53. Posting notice of sale of personal property.

§ 1-339.54. Notice to judgment debtor of sale of real property.

§ 1-339.55. Notification of Governor and Attorney General.

§ 1-339.56. Exception; perishable property.

§ 1-339.57. Satisfaction of judgment before sale completed.

§ 1-339.58. Postponement of sale.

§ 1-339.59. Procedure upon dissolution of order restraining or enjoining sale.

§ 1-339.60. Time of sale.

§ 1-339.61. Continuance of uncompleted sale.

§ 1-339.62. Delivery of personal property; bill of sale.

§ 1-339.63. Report of sale.

§ 1-339.64. Upset bid on real property; compliance bond.

§ 1-339.65. Separate upset bids when real property sold in parts; subsequent procedure.

§ 1-339.66: Repealed by Session Laws 2001-271, s.

§ 1-339.66A. Ordering resale of real property after upset bid.

§ 1-339.67. Confirmation of sale of real property.

§ 1-339.68. Deed for real property sold; property subject to liens; orders for possession.

§ 1-339.69. Failure of bidder to comply with bid; resale.

§ 1-339.70. Disposition of proceeds of sale.

§ 1-339.71. Special proceeding to determine ownership of surplus.

§ 1-339.73. Ratification of certain sales held on days other than the day required by statute.

§ 1-339.74. Sales on other days validated.

§ 1-339.75. Certain sales validated.

§ 1-339.76. Validation of sales when payment deferred more than two years.

§ 1-339.77. Validation of certain sales confirmed prior to time prescribed by law.

§ 1-341. Annual value of land and waste charged against defendant.

§ 1-342. Value of improvements estimated.

§ 1-343. Improvements to balance rents.

§ 1-344. Verdict, judgment, and lien.

§ 1-345. Life tenant recovers from remainderman.

§ 1-346. Value of premises without improvements.

§ 1-347. Plaintiff's election that defendant take premises.

§ 1-348. Payment made to court; land sold on default.

§ 1-349. Procedure where plaintiff is under disability.

§ 1-350. Defendant evicted, may recover from plaintiff.

§ 1-351. Not applicable to suit by mortgagee.

§ 1-352.1. Interrogatories to discover assets.

§ 1-352.2. Additional method of discovering assets.

§ 1-353. Property withheld from execution; proceedings.

§ 1-354. Proceedings against joint debtors.

§ 1-355. Debtor leaving State, or concealing himself, arrested; bond.

§ 1-356. Examination of parties and witnesses.

§ 1-357. Incriminating answers not privileged; not used in criminal proceedings.

§ 1-358. Disposition of property forbidden.

§ 1-359. Debtors of judgment debtor may satisfy execution.

§ 1-360. Debtors of judgment debtor may be summoned.

§ 1-360.1. Execution on the property of debtors of judgment debtor.

§ 1-361. Where proceedings instituted and defendant examined.

§ 1-362. Debtor's property ordered sold.

§ 1-363. Receiver appointed.

§ 1-364. Filing and record of appointment; property vests in receiver.

§ 1-365. Where order of appointment recorded.

§ 1-366. Receiver to sue debtors of judgment debtor.

§ 1-367. Reference.

§ 1-368. Disobedience of orders punished as for contempt.

§ 1-394. Contested special proceedings; commencement; summons.

§ 1-394.1. Special proceedings to determine authority to transfer structured settlement payment rights.

§ 1-395. Return of summons.

§ 1-396. When complaint filed.

§ 1-397. Repealed by Session Laws 1943, c.

§ 1-398. Filing time enlarged.

§ 1-399. Repealed by Session Laws 1999-216, s.2.

§ 1-400. Ex parte; commenced by petition.

§ 1-401. Clerk acts summarily; signing by petitioners; authorization to attorney.

§ 1-402. Judge approves when petitioner is infant.

§ 1-403. Orders signed by judge.

§ 1-404. Reports of commissioners and jurors.

§ 1-405. No report set aside for trivial defect.

§ 1-406. Commissioner of sale to account in sixty days.

§ 1-407. Commissioner holding proceeds of land sold for reinvestment to give bond.

§ 1-407.1. Bond required to protect interest of infant or incompetent.

§ 1-407.2. When court may waive bond; premium paid from fund protected.

§ 1-408. Action in which clerk may allow fees of commissioners; fees taxed as costs.

§ 1-408.1. Clerk may order surveys in civil actions and special proceedings involving sale of land.

§ 1-410. In what cases arrest allowed.

§ 1-411. Order and affidavit.

§ 1-412. Undertaking before order.

§ 1-413. Issuance and form of order.

§ 1-414. Copies of affidavit and order to defendant.

§ 1-415. Execution of order.

§ 1-416. Vacation of order for failure to serve.

§ 1-417. Motion to vacate order; jury trial.

§ 1-418. Counter affidavits by plaintiff.

§ 1-419. How defendant discharged.

§ 1-420. Defendant's undertaking.

§ 1-421. Defendant's undertaking delivered to clerk; exception.

§ 1-422. Notice of justification; new bail.

§ 1-423. Qualifications of bail.

§ 1-424. Justification of bail.

§ 1-425. Allowance of bail.

§ 1-426. Deposit in lieu of bail.

§ 1-427. Deposit paid into court; liability on sheriff's bond.

§ 1-428. Bail substituted for deposit.

§ 1-429. Deposit applied to plaintiff's judgment.

§ 1-430. Defendant in jail, sheriff may take bail.

§ 1-431. When sheriff liable as bail.

§ 1-432. Action on sheriff's bond.

§ 1-433. Bail exonerated.

§ 1-434. Surrender of defendant.

§ 1-435. Bail may arrest defendant.

§ 1-436. Proceedings against bail by motion.

§ 1-437. Liability of bail to sheriff.

§ 1-438. When bail to pay costs.

§ 1-439. Bail not discharged by amendment.

§ 1-440.1. Nature of attachment.

§ 1-440.2. Actions in which attachment may be had.

§ 1-440.3. Grounds for attachment.

§ 1-440.4. Property subject to attachment.

§ 1-440.5. By whom order issued; when and where; filing of bond and affidavit.

§ 1-440.6. Time of issuance with reference to summons or service by publication.

§ 1-440.7. Time within which service of summons or service by publication must be had.

§ 1-440.8. General provisions relative to bonds.

§ 1-440.9. Authority of court to fix procedural details.

§ 1-440.11. Affidavit for attachment; amendment.

§ 1-440.12. Order of attachment; form and contents.

§ 1-440.13. Additional orders of attachment at time of original order; alias and pluries orders.

§ 1-440.14. Notice of issuance of order of attachment when no personal service.

§ 1-440.16. Sheriff's return.

§ 1-440.17. Levy on real property.

§ 1-440.18. Levy on tangible personal property in defendant's possession.

§ 1-440.19. Levy on stock in corporation.

§ 1-440.20. Levy on goods in warehouses.

§ 1-440.21. Nature of garnishment.

§ 1-440.22. Issuance of summons to garnishee.

§ 1-440.23. Form of summons to garnishee.

§ 1-440.24. Form of notice of levy in garnishment proceeding.

§ 1-440.25. Levy upon debt owed by, or property in possession of, the garnishee.

§ 1-440.26. To whom garnishment process may be delivered when garnishee is corporation.

§ 1-440.27. Failure of garnishee to appear.

§ 1-440.28. Admission by garnishee; setoff; lien.

§ 1-440.29. Denial of claim by garnishee; issues of fact.

§ 1-440.30. Time of jury trial.

§ 1-440.31. Payment to defendant by garnishee.

§ 1-440.32. Execution against garnishee.

§ 1-440.34. Effect of defendant's death after levy.

§ 1-440.35. Sheriff's liability for care of attached property; expense of care.

§ 1-440.37. Modification of the order of attachment.

§ 1-440.38. Stay of order dissolving or modifying an order of attachment.

§ 1-440.39. Discharge of attachment upon giving bond.

§ 1-440.40. Defendant's objection to bond or surety.

§ 1-440.41. Defendant's remedies not exclusive.

§ 1-440.42. Plaintiff's objection to bond or surety; failure to comply with order to furnish increased or new bond.

§ 1-440.43. Remedies of third person claiming attached property or interest therein.

§ 1-440.44. When attached property to be sold before judgment.

§ 1-440.46. When plaintiff prevails in principal action.

§ 1-473. Affidavit and requisites.

§ 1-474. Order of seizure and delivery to plaintiff.

§ 1-474.1. Notice of hearing; waiver; permissible form of notice and waiver.

§ 1-475. Plaintiff's undertaking.

§ 1-476. Sheriff's duties.

§ 1-477. Exceptions to undertaking; liability of sheriff.

§ 1-478. Defendant's undertaking for replevy.

§ 1-479. Qualification and justification of defendant's sureties.

§ 1-480. Property concealed in buildings.

§ 1-481. Care and delivery of seized property.

§ 1-482. Property claimed by third person; proceedings.

§ 1-483. Delivery of property to intervener.

§ 1-484. Sheriff to return papers in 10 days.

§ 1-484.1. Remedy not exclusive.

§ 1-486. When solvent defendant restrained.

§ 1-487. Timberlands, trial of title to.

§ 1-488. When timber may be cut.

§§ 1-489 through 1-492.

§ 1-493. What judges have jurisdiction.

§ 1-494. Before what judge returnable.

§ 1-495. Stipulation as to judge to hear.

§§ 1-496 through 1-497.

§ 1-498. Application to extend, modify, or vacate; before whom heard.

§ 1-499. Repealed by Session Laws 1967, c.

§ 1-500. Restraining orders and injunctions in effect pending appeal; indemnifying bond.

§ 1-502. In what cases appointed.

§ 1-502.1. Applicant for receiver to furnish bond to adverse party.

§ 1-503. Appointment refused on bond being given.

§ 1-504. Receiver's bond.

§ 1-505. Sale of property in hands of receiver.

§ 1-506. Repealed by Session Laws 1955, c.

§ 1-507. Validation of sales made outside county of action.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§§ 1-507.1 through 1-507.11: Repealed by Session Laws 2020-75, s.

§ 1-507.12: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.13: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.14: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.15: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.16: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.17: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.18: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.19: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-507.21. Applicability of Article and of common law.

§ 1-507.22. Powers of the court.

§ 1-507.23. Types of receiverships.

§ 1-507.24. Appointment of receivers; receivership not a trust.

§ 1-507.25. Eligibility of receiver.

§ 1-507.26. Bond.

§ 1-507.27. Defenses and immunities; discovery.

§ 1-507.28. Powers and duties of receivers.

§ 1-507.29. Receiver as lien creditor; real estate recording; subsequent sales of real estate.

§ 1-507.30. Duties of debtor.

§ 1-507.31. Employment and compensation of professionals.

§ 1-507.32. Schedules of property and claims.

§ 1-507.33. Notice.

§ 1-507.34. Notices; motions; orders.

§ 1-507.35. Records; interim reports; status hearings.

§ 1-507.36. Removal of receivers.

§ 1-507.37. Termination of receiverships; final report.

§ 1-507.38. Actions by or against receiver; actions relating to receivership property.

§ 1-507.39. Procedure for determining individual business debtor's exempt property.

§ 1-507.40. Turnover of receivership property.

§ 1-507.41. Ancillary receiverships.

§ 1-507.42. Stays.

§ 1-507.43. Utility service.

§ 1-507.44. Receivership financing.

§ 1-507.45. Executory contracts.

§ 1-507.46. Use or transfer of receivership property not in ordinary course.

§ 1-507.47. Abandonment of property.

§ 1-507.48. Liens against after-acquired property.

§ 1-507.49. Claims process.

§ 1-507.50. Objection to and allowance of claims.

§ 1-507.51. Priority of claims.

§ 1-507.52. Interest on unsecured claims.

§ 1-507.53. Distributions.

§ 1-507.54. Effect of enforcement by secured party.

§ 1-509. Ordered seized by sheriff.

§ 1-510. Defendant ordered to satisfy admitted sum.

§ 1-515. Action by Attorney General.

§ 1-516. Action by private person with leave.

§ 1-517. Solvent sureties required.

§ 1-518. Leave withdrawn and action dismissed for insufficient bond.

§ 1-519. Arrest and bail of defendant usurping office.

§ 1-520. Several claims tried in one action.

§ 1-521. Trials expedited.

§ 1-522. Time for bringing action.

§ 1-523. Defendant's undertaking before answer.

§ 1-524. Possession of office not disturbed pending trial.

§ 1-525. Judgment by default and inquiry on failure of defendant to give bond.

§ 1-526. Service of summons and complaint.

§ 1-527. Judgment in such actions.

§ 1-528. Mandamus to aid relator.

§ 1-529. Appeal; bonds of parties.

§ 1-530. Relator inducted into office; duty.

§ 1-531. Refusal to surrender official papers misdemeanor.

§ 1-532. Action to recover property forfeited to State.

§ 1-534. For and against whom action lies.

§ 1-535. Tenant in possession liable.

§ 1-536. Action by tenant against cotenant.

§ 1-537. Action by heirs.

§ 1-538. Judgment for treble damages and possession.

§ 1-538.2. Civil liability for larceny, shoplifting, theft by employee, organized retail theft, embe…

§ 1-538.3. Negligent supervision of minor.

§ 1-539. Remedy for nuisance.

§ 1-539.1. Damages for unlawful cutting, removal or burning of timber; misrepresentation of property lines.

§ 1-539.2. Dismantling portion of building.

§ 1-539.2A. Damages for computer trespass.

§ 1-539.2B.

§ 1-539.2C. Damages for identity theft.

§ 1-539.2D. Civil liability for acts of terror.

§ 1-539.10. Immunity from civil liability for volunteers.

§ 1-539.11. Definitions.

§ 1-539.12. Immunity from civil liability for employers disclosing information.

§ 1-539.13: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.14: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.16. Notice of claims against local units of government.

§ 1-539.17. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.18. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.19. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.20. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.22. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.23. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.24. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-539.26. Expired October 1, 2000.

§ 1-540.1. Effect of release of original wrongdoer on liability of physicians and surgeons for malpractice.

§ 1-540.2. Settlement of property damage claims arising from motor vehicle collisions or accidents; …

§ 1-540.3. Advance payments.

§§ 1-541 through 1-543.

§ 1-543.2. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.3. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.4. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.5. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.6. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.7. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.8. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.9. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-543.11. Definitions.

§ 1-543.12. Structured settlement payment rights.

§ 1-543.13. Jurisdiction.

§ 1-543.14. Procedure for approval of transfers.

§ 1-543.15. No waiver; penalties.

§ 1-567.21. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.22. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.23. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.24. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.25. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.26. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.27. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.28. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.29. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.31. Scope of application.

§ 1-567.32. Definitions and rules of interpretation.

§ 1-567.33. Receipt of written communications or submissions.

§ 1-567.33A. Severability.

§ 1-567.35. Extent of court intervention.

§ 1-567.36. Venue and jurisdiction of courts.

§ 1-567.37. Definition and form of arbitration agreement.

§ 1-567.38. Arbitration agreement and substantive claim before court.

§ 1-567.39. Interim relief and the enforcement of interim measures.

§ 1-567.40. Number of arbitrators.

§ 1-567.41. Appointment of arbitrators.

§ 1-567.42: Repealed by Session Laws 2017-171, s.

§ 1-567.43: Repealed by Session Laws 2017-171, s.

§ 1-567.43A. Disclosure by arbitrator.

§ 1-567.44. Failure or impossibility to act.

§ 1-567.45. Appointment of substitute arbitrator.

§ 1-567.46. Competence of arbitral tribunal to rule on its jurisdiction.

§ 1-567.47. Power of arbitral tribunal to order interim measures.

§ 1-567.48. Equal treatment of parties; representation by attorney.

§ 1-567.49. Determination of rules of procedure.

§ 1-567.50. Place of arbitration.

§ 1-567.50A. Consolidation.

§ 1-567.51. Commencement of arbitral proceedings.

§ 1-567.52. Language.

§ 1-567.53. Statements of claim and defense.

§ 1-567.54. Hearings and written proceedings.

§ 1-567.55. Default of a party.

§ 1-567.56. Expert appointed by arbitral tribunal.

§ 1-567.57. Court assistance in obtaining discovery and taking evidence.

§ 1-567.58. Rules applicable to substance of dispute.

§ 1-567.59. Decision making by panel of arbitrators.

§ 1-567.60. Settlement.

§ 1-567.61. Form and contents of award.

§ 1-567.62. Termination of proceedings.

§ 1-567.63. Correction and interpretation of awards; additional awards.

§ 1-567.64. Modifying or vacating of awards.

§ 1-567.65. Confirmation and enforcement of awards.

§ 1-567.66. Applications to court.

§ 1-567.67. Appeals.

§ 1-567.68: Recodified as § 1-567.33A by Session Laws 1997-368, s.

§ 1-567.69. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.70. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.71. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.72. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.73. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.74. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.75. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.76. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.77. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-567.79. Representation.

§ 1-567.80. Report of conciliators.

§ 1-567.81. Confidentiality.

§ 1-567.82. Stay of arbitration; resort to other proceedings.

§ 1-567.83. Termination of conciliation.

§ 1-567.84. Enforceability of decree.

§ 1-567.85. Costs.

§ 1-567.86. Effect on jurisdiction.

§ 1-567.87. Immunity of conciliators and parties.

§ 1-567.88. Uniformity of application and construction.

§ 1-567.89. Relationship to federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

§ 1-568: Repealed by Session Laws 1951, c.

§§ 1-568.1 through 1-568.27.

§ 1-569. Repealed by Session Laws 1951, c.

§ 1-569.2. Notice.

§ 1-569.3. When Article applies.

§ 1-569.4. Effect of agreement to arbitrate; nonwaivable provisions.

§ 1-569.5. Application for judicial relief.

§ 1-569.6. Validity of agreement to arbitrate.

§ 1-569.7. Motion to compel or stay arbitration.

§ 1-569.8. Provisional remedies.

§ 1-569.9. Initiation of arbitration.

§ 1-569.10. Consolidation of separate arbitration proceedings.

§ 1-569.11. Appointment of arbitrator; service as a neutral arbitrator.

§ 1-569.12. Disclosure by arbitrator.

§ 1-569.13. Action by majority.

§ 1-569.14. Immunity of arbitrator; competency to testify; attorneys' fees and costs.

§ 1-569.15. Arbitration process.

§ 1-569.16. Representation by lawyer.

§ 1-569.17. Witnesses; subpoenas; depositions; discovery.

§ 1-569.18. Judicial enforcement of preaward ruling by arbitrator.

§ 1-569.19. Award.

§ 1-569.20. Change of award by arbitrator.

§ 1-569.21. Remedies; fees and expenses of arbitration proceeding.

§ 1-569.22. Confirmation of award.

§ 1-569.23. Vacating award.

§ 1-569.24. Modification or correction of award.

§ 1-569.25. Judgment on award; attorneys' fees and litigation expenses.

§ 1-569.26. Jurisdiction.

§ 1-569.27. Venue.

§ 1-569.28. Appeals.

§ 1-569.29. Uniformity of application and construction.

§ 1-569.30. Relationship to federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

§ 1-569.31. Short title.

§ 1-571: Repealed.

§ 1-572: Repealed.

§ 1-573: Repealed.

§ 1-574: Repealed.

§ 1-575: Repealed.

§ 1-576: Repealed.

§ 1-589.1. Withholding information necessary for service on law-enforcement officer prohibited.

§§ 1-590 through 1-592.

§ 1-594. Computation in publication.

§ 1-596. Charges for legal advertising.

§ 1-597. Regulations for newspaper publication of legal notices, advertisements, etc.

§ 1-598. Sworn statement prima facie evidence of qualifications; affidavit of publication.

§ 1-599. Application of two preceding sections.

§ 1-600. Proof of publication of notice in newspaper; prima facie evidence.

§ 1-601. Certain legal advertisements validated.

§ 1-602. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-603. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-604. Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-606. Definitions.

§ 1-607. False claims; acts subjecting persons to liability for treble damages; costs and civil penalties; exceptions.

§ 1-608. Civil actions for false claims.

§ 1-609. Rights of the parties to qui tam actions.

§ 1-610. Award to qui tam plaintiff.

§ 1-611. Certain actions barred.

§ 1-612. State not liable for certain expenses.

§ 1-613. Private action for retaliation action.

§ 1-614. Civil investigative demand.

§ 1-615. False claims procedure.

§ 1-616. Remedies under other laws; severability of provisions; liberality of legislative construction; adoption of legislative history.

§ 1-617. Reporting.

§ 1-618. Rules.

§ 1-619: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-620: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-621: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-622: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-623: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-624: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-625: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-626: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-627: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-628: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-629: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-631. Immunity of a domestic violence shelter and any person associated with the shelter concerning torts committed on the shelter's premises.

§ 1-632: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-633: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-634: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-635: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-636: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-637: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-638: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-639: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-640: Reserved for future codification purposes.

§ 1-642. Definitions.

§ 1-643. Applicability; restrictions.

§ 1-644. Collaborative law participation agreement; requirements.

§ 1-645. Beginning and concluding collaborative law process; tolling of time periods.

§ 1-646. Proceedings pending before tribunal; status report.

§ 1-647. Emergency order.

§ 1-648. Approval of agreement by tribunal.

§ 1-649. Disqualification of collaborative lawyer and lawyers in associated law firm.

§ 1-650. Low-income parties.

§ 1-651. Governmental entity as party.

§ 1-652. Disclosure of information.

§ 1-653. Standards of professional responsibility not affected.

§ 1-654. Informed consent.

§ 1-655. No liability for decision to participate.

§ 1-656. Confidentiality of collaborative law communication.

§ 1-657. Privilege against disclosure for collaborative law communication; admissibility; discovery.

§ 1-658. Waiver and preclusion of privilege.

§ 1-659. Limits of privilege.

§ 1-660. Authority of tribunal in case of noncompliance.

§ 1-661. Alternative dispute resolution permitted.

§ 1-662. Uniformity of application and construction.

§ 1-663. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.

Part 2.

Part 2.

Part 2.

Part 2.

Part 2.

Article 2.

Part 3.

Part 3.

Part 3.

Part 4.

Article 4.

Article 5.

Part 5.

Article 5A.

Part 6.

Part 7.

Article 7A.

Part 8.

Part 9.

Article 9.

Article 10.

Article 11.

Article 13.

Article 14.

Article 15.

Article 16.

Article 17.

Article 18.

Article 19.

Article 20.

Article 21.

Article 22.

Article 24.

Article 25.

Article 26.

Article 26A.

Article 26B.

Article 27A.

Article 29.

Article 29A.

Article 29B.

Article 29C.

Article 30.

Article 31.

Article 35.

Article 36.

Article 37.

Article 38.

Article 38A.

Article 39.

Article 41.

Article 42.

Article 43.

Article 43A.

Article 43B.

Article 43C.

Article 43D.

Article 43E.

Article 43F.

Article 44A.

Article 44B.

Article 45.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45A.

Article 45B.

Article 45C.

Article 46

Article 47.

Article 48.

Article 49.

Article 50.

Article 51.

Article 52.

Article 53.

SUBCHAPTER II.

SUBCHAPTER III.

SUBCHAPTER IIIA.

SUBCHAPTER IV.

SUBCHAPTER IX.

SUBCHAPTER V.

SUBCHAPTER VI.

SUBCHAPTER VII.

SUBCHAPTER VIII.

SUBCHAPTER X.

SUBCHAPTER XI.

SUBCHAPTER XII.

SUBCHAPTER XIII.

SUBCHAPTER XIV.

SUBCHAPTER XV.