§ 78p. Directors, officers, and principal stockholders

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(a)Disclosures required

(1)Directors, officers, and principal stockholders required to file Every person who is directly or indirectly the beneficial owner of more than 10 percent of any class of any equity security (other than an exempted security) which is registered pursuant to section 78l of this title, or who is a director or an officer of the issuer of such security (including, solely for the purposes of this subsection, every person who is a director or an officer of a foreign private issuer, as that term is defined in section 240.3b–4 of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation), shall file the statements required by this subsection with the Commission.

(2)Time of filing The statements required by this subsection shall be filed—

(A)at the time of the registration of such security on a national securities exchange or by the effective date of a registration statement filed pursuant to section 78l(g) of this title;

(B)within 10 days after he or she becomes such beneficial owner, director, or officer, or within such shorter time as the Commission may establish by rule;

(C)if there has been a change in such ownership, or if such person shall have purchased or sold a security-based swap agreement involving such equity security, before the end of the second business day following the day on which the subject transaction has been executed, or at such other time as the Commission shall establish, by rule, in any case in which the Commission determines that such 2-day period is not feasible; or

(D)with respect to a foreign private issuer, the securities of which are, as of December 18, 2025, registered pursuant to subsection

(b)or

(g)of section 78l of this title, on the date that is 90 days after December 18, 2025.

(3)Contents of statements A statement filed—

(A)under subparagraph

(A)or

(B)of paragraph

(2)shall contain a statement of the amount of all equity securities of such issuer of which the filing person is the beneficial owner; and

(B)under subparagraph

(C)of such paragraph shall indicate ownership by the filing person at the date of filing, any such changes in such ownership, and such purchases and sales of the security-based swap agreements or security-based swaps as have occurred since the most recent such filing under such subparagraph.

(4)Electronic filing and availability Beginning not later than 1 year after July 30, 2002—

(A)a statement filed under subparagraph

(C)of paragraph

(2)shall be filed electronically and in English;

(B)the Commission shall provide each such statement on a publicly accessible Internet site not later than the end of the business day following that filing; and

(C)the issuer (if the issuer maintains a corporate website) shall provide that statement on that corporate website, not later than the end of the business day following that filing.

(5)Authority to exempt The Commission by rule, regulation, or order, may conditionally or unconditionally exempt any person, security, or transaction, or any class or classes of persons, securities, or transactions, from the requirements of this section if the Commission determines that the laws of a foreign jurisdiction apply substantially similar requirements to such person, security, or transaction.

(b)Profits from purchase and sale of security within six months For the purpose of preventing the unfair use of information which may have been obtained by such beneficial owner, director, or officer by reason of his relationship to the issuer, any profit realized by him from any purchase and sale, or any sale and purchase, of any equity security of such issuer (other than an exempted security) or a security-based swap agreement involving any such equity security within any period of less than six months, unless such security or security-based swap agreement was acquired in good faith in connection with a debt previously contracted, shall inure to and be recoverable by the issuer, irrespective of any intention on the part of such beneficial owner, director, or officer in entering into such transaction of holding the security or security-based swap agreement purchased or of not repurchasing the security or security-based swap agreement sold for a period exceeding six months. Suit to recover such profit may be instituted at law or in equity in any court of competent jurisdiction by the issuer, or by the owner of any security of the issuer in the name and in behalf of the issuer if the issuer shall fail or refuse to bring such suit within sixty days after request or shall fail diligently to prosecute the same thereafter; but no such suit shall be brought more than two years after the date such profit was realized. This subsection shall not be construed to cover any transaction where such beneficial owner was not such both at the time of the purchase and sale, or the sale and purchase, of the security or security-based swap agreement or a security-based swap involved, or any transaction or transactions which the Commission by rules and regulations may exempt as not comprehended within the purpose of this subsection.

(c)Conditions for sale of security by beneficial owner, director, or officer It shall be unlawful for any such beneficial owner, director, or officer, directly or indirectly, to sell any equity security of such issuer (other than an exempted security), if the person selling the security or his principal

(1)does not own the security sold, or

(2)if owning the security, does not deliver it against such sale within twenty days thereafter, or does not within five days after such sale deposit it in the mails or other usual channels of transportation; but no person shall be deemed to have violated this subsection if he proves that notwithstanding the exercise of good faith he was unable to make such delivery or deposit within such time, or that to do so would cause undue inconvenience or expense.

(d)Securities held in investment account, transactions in ordinary course of business, and establishment of primary or secondary market The provisions of subsection

(b)of this section shall not apply to any purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, and the provisions of subsection

(c)of this section shall not apply to any sale, of an equity security not then or theretofore held by him in an investment account, by a dealer in the ordinary course of his business and incident to the establishment or maintenance by him of a primary or secondary market (otherwise than on a national securities exchange or an exchange exempted from registration under section 78e of this title) for such security. The Commission may, by such rules and regulations as it deems necessary or appropriate in the public interest, define and prescribe terms and conditions with respect to securities held in an investment account and transactions made in the ordinary course of business and incident to the establishment or maintenance of a primary or secondary market.

(e)Application of section to foreign or domestic arbitrage transactions The provisions of this section shall not apply to foreign or domestic arbitrage transactions unless made in contravention of such rules and regulations as the Commission may adopt in order to carry out the purposes of this section.

(f)Treatment of transactions in security futures products The provisions of this section shall apply to ownership of and transactions in security futures products.

(g)Limitation on Commission authority The authority of the Commission under this section with respect to security-based swap agreements shall be subject to the restrictions and limitations of section 78c–1(b) of this title.

(June 6, 1934, ch. 404, title I, § 16, 48 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 88–467, § 8, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 208(b)(3), title III, § 303(g), (h)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–435, 2763A–455, 2763A–456; Pub. L. 107–204, title IV, § 403(a), July 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 788; Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, § 762(d)(5), title IX, § 929R(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1761, 1867; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXI, § 8103(b)(1), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1838.)

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June 6, 1934, ch. 404
48 Stat. 896
Pub. L. 88–467, § 8
78 Stat. 579
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 208(b)(3), title III, § 303(g), (h)]
114 Stat. 2763
Pub. L. 107–204, title IV, § 403(a)
116 Stat. 788
Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, § 762(d)(5)
124 Stat. 1761
Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXI, § 8103(b)(1)
139 Stat. 1838
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8103(b)(1)(A)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8103(b)(1)(B)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8103(b)(1)(C)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8103(b)(1)(D)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 929R(b)(1)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 929R(b)(2)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(5)(A)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(5)(B)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(5)(D)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(5)(C)
Pub. L. 111–203, § 762(d)(5)(E)
Pub. L. 107–204
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title III, § 303(g)]
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 208(b)(3)]
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title III, § 303(h)]
Pub. L. 88–467, § 8(a)
Pub. L. 88–467, § 8(b)
Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXI, § 8103(b)(2)
139 Stat. 1839
section 929R(b) of Pub. L. 111–203
section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203
section 762(d)(5) of Pub. L. 111–203
Pub. L. 111–203
section 774 of Pub. L. 111–203
Pub. L. 107–204, title IV, § 403(b)
116 Stat. 789
Pub. L. 88–467
section 13 of Pub. L. 88–467

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§ 78p

Directors, officers, and principal stockholders

Fed. Reg.×162

Bills×31

C.F.R.×18

U.S.C.×12

Stat.×11

Stat. Comp.×1

ActJune 6, 1934, ch. 404

Stat.48 Stat. 896

Pub. L.Pub. L. 88–467, § 8

Stat.78 Stat. 579

Pub. L.Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title II, § 208(b)(3), title III, § 303(g), (h)]

Cites 47 · showing 10Cited by 235 across 6 sources