Treaty.

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8 Stat. 232 TREATY WITH SWEDEN.(*a*) (*a*) A Treaty of Amity and Commerce, concluded between his majesty the King of Sweden, and the United States of North America, April 3, 1783, ante, page 60. In the name of the most Holy and Indivisible Trinity.Sept. 4, 1816. The United States of America, and his Majesty the King of SwedenRatified May 27, 1818.The parties desirous of maintaining and confirming relations of friendship and commerce. and Norway, equally animated with a sincere desire to maintain and confirm the relations of friendship and commerce which have hitherto subsisted between the two states, and being convinced that this object cannot be more effectually accomplished than by establishing, reciprocally, the commerce between the two states upon the firm basis of liberal and equitable principles, equally advantageous to both countries, have named, to this end, plenipotentiaries, and have furnished them with the necessary full powers to treat, and, in their name, to conclude a treaty, to wit:

The President of the United States, Jonathan Russell, a citizen of the said United States, and now their Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Stockholm; and his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, his Excellency the Count Laurent d’Engestrom, his Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Chancellor of the University of Lund, Knight Commander of the Orders of the King, Knight of the Order of Charles XIII, Grand Cross of the Orders of St. Etienne of Hungary, of the Legion of Honour of France, of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and the Count Adolphe George de Morner, his Counsellor of State, and Commander of the Order of the Polar Star: and the said plenipotentiaries, after having produced and exchanged their full powers,Full powers exchanged. found in good and due form, have agreed on the following articles:

ARTICLE 1. There shall be between all the territories under the dominion of theReciprocal liberty of commerce. United States of America, and of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, a reciprocal liberty of commerce. The inhabitants of either of the two countries shall have liberty, with all security for their persons, vessels, and cargoes, to come freely to all ports, places, and rivers, within the territories of the other, into which the vessels of the most favoured nations are permitted to enter.

They can there remain and reside in any part whatsoever of the said territories; they can there hire and occupy houses and warehouses for their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each of the two nations, shall enjoy in theComplete security for merchants and traders. other the most complete security and protection for the transaction of their business, being bound, alone, to conform to the laws and statutes of the two countries, respectively. ARTICLE 2. No other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, shall beNo other or higher duties, &c. than the same articles would be subjected to if they were the growth, produce, or manufacture, of any other country. imposed on the importation into the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, of the produce or manufactures of the United States, nor on the importation into the United States of the produce or manufactures of the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, than those to which the same articles would be subjected in each of the two countries, respectively, if these articles were the growth, produce, or manufacture, of any other country.

The same principle shall likewise be observed in respect to exportation, in such manner that in each of the two countries, respectively, the articles which shall be exported for the other, cannot be charged with any duty, impost, or 232 TRAITÉ A SUÈDE. Au nom de la très Sainte et Indivisible Trinité. Les Etats Unis d’Amérique et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, également animés du désir sincère de maintenir et consolider les relations d’amitié et de commerce qui ont subsisté jusqu’ici entre les deux états, et étant convaincus qu’on ne saurait mieux remplir cet objet qu’en établissant réciproquement le commerce entre les deux états, sur la base solide de principes libéraux et équitables également avantageux aux deux pays, ont nommé pour cet effet des plénipotentiaires, et les ont munis des pouvoirs nécessaires pour traiter et conclure en leur nom, savoir: le Président des Etats Unis, Monsieur Jonathan Russell, citoyen des dits Etats Unis, et actuellement leur Ministre Plénipotentiaire à la Cour de Stockholm, et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, son Excellence Monsieur le Comte Laurent d’Engeström, son Ministre d’Etat pour les Affaires Etrangères, Chancelier de l’Université de Lund, Chevalier Commandeur des ordres du Roi, Chevalier de l’ordre du Roi Charles XIII, Grand Croix des ordres de St.

Etienne de Hongrie, de la Legion d’Honneur de France, de l’Aigle Noir et de l’Aigle Rouge de Prusse, et Monsieur le Comte Adolphe George de Mörner, son Conseiller d’Etat, et Commandeur de l’ordre de l’Etoile Polaire; lesquels plénipotentiaires, après avoir produit et échangés leurs plénipouvoirs trouvés en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des articles suivants: ARTICLE PREMIER. Il y aura liberté réciproque de commerce entre tous les pays de la domination des Etats Unis d’Amérique et de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège.

Les habitans de l’un des deux pays pourront avec toute sûreté, pour leur personnes, vaisseaux et cargaisons, aborder librement dans les ports, places et rivières du territoire de l’autre, partout où l’entrée est permise aux vaisseaux des nations les plus favorisées. Ils pourront s’y arrêter et résider dans quelque partie que ce soit des dits territoires; ils pourront y louer et occuper des maisons et des magasins pour leur commerce, et généralement les négociants ou trafiquants de chacune des deux nations jouiront chez l’autre de la plus entière sûcurité et protection pour les affaires de leur négoce, étant seulement tenus à se conformer aux loix et ordonnances des deux pays respectifs.

ARTICLE SECOND. Il ne sera point imposé de plus forts ou autres droits, impôts, ou charges quelconques sur l’importation dans les Etats Unis des productions du sol ou des manufactures des états de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, ni sur l’importation dans les états de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège des productions du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis, que ceux auxquels seraient assujettis les mêmes articles dans chacun des deux pays respectifs, si ces denrées étaient le produit du sol ou des manufactures de tout autre pays.

Le même principe sera aussi observé pour l’exportation, en sorte que dans chacun des deux pays respectifs les articles qui seront exportés pour l’autre ne pourront être chargés d’aucun droit, impôt, ou charge quelconque plus 233 234 TREATY WITH SWEDEN. 1816. charge, whatsoever, higher or other than those to which the same articles would be subjected if they were exported to any other country whatever. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importationNo prohibition on exportation or importation which does not extend to all other nations. of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, or of the United States, to or from the said territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, or to or from the said United States, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.

Swedish or Norwegian vessels arriving in ballast, or importing intoEqualisation of duties as to the vessels and cargoes of either nation, &c. the United States the produce or manufactures of their countries, or exporting from the United States the produce or manufactures of said States, shall not be obliged to pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which the vessels of the United States would pay in the same circumstances; and, vice versa, the vessels of the United States, arriving in ballast, or importing into the territories under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of the United States, or exporting from the territories under the dominion of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the produce or manufactures of these territories, shall not pay, either for the vessels or the cargoes, any other or higher duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid if these articles were transported by Swedish or Norwegian vessels, respectively.

That which is here above stipulated, shall also extend to the SwedishEqualization of duties extended to the colony of St. Bartholomews. colony of St. Barthelemy, as well in what relates to the rights and advantages which the vessels of the United States shall enjoy in its ports, as in relation to those which the vessels of the colony shall enjoy in the ports of the United States, provided the owners are inhabitants of St. Barthelemy, and there established and naturalized, and shall have there caused their vessels to be naturalized.

ARTICLE 3.*(* This article not ratified. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, agrees that all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the West Indies, which are permitted to be imported in Swedish or Norwegian vessels, whether these articles be imported, directly or indirectly, from said Indies, may likewise be imported into its territories in vessels of the United States, and there shall not be paid, either for the said vessels or the cargoes, any higher or other duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid by Swedish or Norwegian vessels in the same circumstances, with an addition only of ten per centum on the said duties, imposts, and charges, and no more.

In order to avoid misapprehension in this respect, it is expressly declared, that the term “West Indies” ought to be taken in its most extensive sense, comprising all that portion of the earth, whether main land or islands, which at any time has been denominated the West Indies, in contradistinction to that other portion of the earth denominated the East Indies. ARTICLE 4.*(* This article not ratified. The United States of America, on their part, agree, that all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the countries surrounding the Baltic sea, or bordering thereon, which are permitted to be imported in vessels of the United States, whether these articles be imported, directly or indirectly, from the Baltic, may likewise be imported into the United States in Swedish or Norwegian vessels; and there shall not then be 235 fort ou autre que ceux auxquels seraient assujettis les mêmes articles, s’ils étaient exportés pour tout autre pays quelconque.

Il ne sera non plus imposé aucune prohibition, ni sur l’exportation ni sur l’importation d’aucun article provenant du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis ou des pays de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, dans ou hors les dits Etats Unis, et dans ou hors les dits pays de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, qui ne s’étende également à toutes les autres nations. Les vaisseaux des Etats Unis d’Amérique arrivant sur leur lest ou important dans les Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et Norvège des produits du sol ou de l’industrie de leur pays, ou exportant des Etats de sa Majesté Suédoise et Norvégienne les produits du sol ou de l’industrie nationale des dits Etats, ne seront tenus à payer, ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons aucuns droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, plus forts ou autres que ceux que payeraient dans le même cas les vaisseaux des Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, et vice versa; les vaisseaux des Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège qui arrivent sur leur lest ou qui importent dans les Etats Unis de l’Amérique des productions du sol ou de l’industrie nationale de la Suède et de la Norvège, ou qui exportent des Etats Unis des produits du sol ou de l’industrie de ces pays, ne payeront ni pour les vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons aucuns droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, autres ou plus forts que ceux qui seraient payés si ces mêmes denrées étaient transportées par des vaisseaux des Etats Unis respectivement.

Ce qui est statué ci-dessus s’étendra aussi à la colonie Suédoise de St. Barthelemy, tant par rapport aux droits et avantages dont les vaisseaux des Etats Unis jouiront dans ses ports que par rapport à ceux dont les vaisseaux de la colonie jouiront dans les ports des Etats Unis; bien entendu que les propriétaires soient colons établis et naturalisés à St. Barthelemy, et qu’ils y ayent fait naturaliser leurs vaisseaux. ARTICLE TROISIÈME. Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège consent que tous les articles qui sont le produit du sol ou des manufactures des Indes Occidentales et dont l’entrée est permise dans des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens, soit que ces marchandises viennent directement ou indirectement des dites Indes, puissent aussi être importés dans ses Etats par des vaisseaux des Etats Unis, et qu’alors il ne sera payé ni pour les dits vaisseaux, ni pour les cargaisons, de droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, plus forts ou autres que ceux qui seraient payés par des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens dans le même cas, avec une addition seulement de dix pour cent sur les dits droits, impôts, ou charges, et pas davantage.

Pour éviter tout mésentendu à cet égard il est ici expressément déclaré, que la dénomination d’Indes Occidentales doit être prise dans le sens le plus étendu en y comprenant toute cette partie du monde, soit îles ou terre ferme, qui de tout temps a été appelée Indes Occidentales, en opposition avec cette autre partie du monde appelée Indes Orientales. ARTICLE QUATRIÈME. De leur côté les Etats Unis d’Amérique consentent à ce que tous les articles qui sont les produits du sol ou des manufactures des pays qui bordent ou environnent la mer Baltique et dont l’entrée est permise dans les vaisseaux des Etats Unis, soit que ces denrées viennent directement ou indirectement de la Baltique, puissent aussi être importés de même dans les Etats Unis, par des vaisseaux Suédois ou Norvégiens, et qu’a- 236 paid for the said vessels, or for the cargoes, any higher or other duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, than those which would be paid by vessels of the United States in the same circumstances, with an addition only of ten per centum on the said duties, imposts, and charges, and no more.

In order to avoid all uncertainty in respect to the duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, which a vessel belonging to the citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties ought to pay, on arriving in the ports of the other, with a cargo consisting partly of articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the country to which the vessel belongs, and partly of any other merchandize, which the said vessel is permitted to import by the preceding articles, it is agreed that, in case a cargo should be thus mixed, the vessel shall always pay the duties, imposts, and charges, according to the nature of that part of the cargo which is subjected to the highest duties, in the same manner as if the vessel imported this sort of merchandise only.

ARTICLE 5. The high contracting parties grant mutually the liberty of having inConsuls, &c. the places of commerce and ports of the other, consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, who shall enjoy all the protection and assistance necessary for the due discharge of their functions. But it is here expresslyProceedings against consuls, &c. offending against the laws. declared, that in case of illegal or improper conduct in respect to the laws or government of the country to which they are sent, the said consul, vice consul, or agent, may be either punished according to law, dismissed, or sent away, by the offended government, that government assigning to the other the reasons therefor.

It is, nevertheless,Archives, &c. inviolate. understood, that the archives and documents relative to the affairs of the consulate shall be protected from all examination, and shall be carefully preserved, being placed under the seal of the consul and of the authority of the place where he shall have resided. The consuls and their deputies shall have the right, as such, to actConsuls and their deputies to have the right to act as judges, &c.Limitation of the right. as judges and arbitrators in the differences which may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels of the nation whose affairs are entrusted to their care.

The respective governments shall have no right to interfere in matters of this kind, except the conduct of the captain and crew shall disturb the peace and tranquillity of the country in which the vessel may be, or that the consul of the place shall feel himself obliged to resort to the interposition and support of the executive authority to cause his decision to be respected and maintained. It being, nevertheless, understood, that this kind of judgment, or award,Rights reserved to the parties under consular decisions. shall not deprive the contending parties of the right which they shall have, on their return, to recur to the judicial authorities of their own country.

ARTICLE 6.*(* This article not ratified. In order to prevent all dispute and uncertainty in respect to what may be considered as being the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the contracting parties respectively, it is agreed, that whatever the chief or intendant of the customs shall have designated and specified as such, in the clearance delivered to the vessels which depart from the European ports of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, shall be acknowledged and admitted as such in the United States; and that, in the same manner, whatever the chief or collector of the customs in the ports of the United States shall have designated and specified as the growth, produce, or manufacture, of the United States, shall be acknowledged and admitted as such in the territories of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway.

The specification or designation given by the chief of the customs in 237 lors il ne sera payé ni pour les dits vaisseaux ni pour les cargaisons de droits, impôts ou charges quelconques plus forts ou autres que ceux qui seraient payés par des vaisseaux des Etats Unis dans le même cas, avec une addition de dix pour cent sur les dits droits, impôts ou charges, et pas davantage. Afin de prévenir toute incertitude à l’égard des droits, impôts ou charges quelconques que devrait payer un vaisseau appartenant aux citoyens ou sujets de l’une des parties contractantes et arrivant dans les ports de l’autre avec une cargaison qui consisterait en partie des produits du sol ou des manufactures du pays, auquel le vaisseau appartiendrait, et en partie de quelques autres marchandises, dont l’importation est permise au dit vaisseau par les articles précédents, il est convenu qu’en cas d’une cargaison ainsi mêlée, le dit vaisseau payera toujours les droits, impôts ou charges suivant la nature de cette partie de la cargaison qui est sujette aux plus gros droits, tout comme si le vaisseau n’eut apporté que cette seule espèce de marchandises.

ARTICLE CINQUIÈME. Les hautes parties contractantes s’accordent mutuellement la faculté d’entretenir dans les ports et places de commerce de l’autre, des consuls, vice-consuls ou agents de commerce, qui jouiront de toute la protection et assistance nécessaire pour remplir dûment leurs fonctions, mais il est ici expressément déclaré, que dans le cas d’une conduite illégale ou impropre envers les lois ou le gouvernement du pays auquel il est envoyé le dit conseil, vice conseil ou agent, pourra, ou être puni conformément aux lois, ou être mis hors de fonction ou renvoyé par le gouvernement offensé, celui-ci en donnant les raisons à l’autre, bien entendu cependant que les archives et documents relatifs aux affaires du conseil, seront à l’abri de toute recherche et devront être soigneusement conservés, étant mis sous le sceau du dit conseil et de l’autorité de l’endroit où il aura résidé.

Les conseils ou leurs suppléans auront le droit comme tels de servir de juges et d’arbitres dans les différends qui pourraient s’élever entre les capitaines et les équipages des vaisseaux de la nation dont les affaires sont confiées à leurs soins. Les gouvernements respectifs n’auront le droit de se mêler de ces sortes d’affaires qu’en tant que la conduite des équipages ou du capitaine troublerait l’ordre et la tranquillité dans le pays où le vaisseau se trouve, ou que le conseil du lieu se verrait obligé d’appeller l’intervention du pouvoir exécutif pour faire respecter ou maintenir sa décision.

Bien entendu que cette espèce de jugement ou d’arbitrage ne saurait pourtant priver les parties contendantes du droit qu’elles ont à leur retour de recourir aux autorités judiciaires de leur patrie. ARTICLE SIXIÈME. Afin de prévenir toute dispute ou incertitude à l’égard de ce qui devra être réputé comme étant le produit du sol ou des manufactures des parties contractantes respectivement, il est convenu que ce qui aura été désigné ou spécifié comme tel dans l’expédition que le chef ou l’intendant de la douane aura donnée aux vaisseaux qui sortiront des ports Européens des états de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, sera reconnu et admis comme tel dans les Etats Unis, et que de même ce que le chef ou collecteur de la douane dans les ports des Etats Unis aura désigné et spécifié comme étant le produit du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis, sera admis et reconnu comme tel dans les Etats de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège.

La spécification ou désignation donnée par le chef de la douane dans les colonies de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège et certifiée par le gouverneur 238 the colonies of his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, and confirmed by the governor of the colony, shall be considered as sufficient proof of the origin of the articles thus specified or designated to obtain for them admission into the ports of the United States accordingly. ARTICLE 7. The citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties, arrivingVessels and cargoes may enter ports, &c. on paying pilotage, quayage, &c. if those charges have been incurred. with their vessels on any coast belonging to the other, but not willing to enter into port, or being entered into port, and not willing to unload or break bulk, shall have liberty to depart, and to pursue their voyage, without molestation, and without being obliged to render account of their cargo, or to pay any duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, on the vessels or cargo, excepting only the dues of pilotage, when a pilot shall have been employed, or those of quayage, or light money, whenever these dues are paid in the same circumstances by the citizens or subjects of the country.

It being, nevertheless, understood, that wheneverLimitation of this privilege. the vessels belonging to the citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties shall be within the jurisdiction of the other, they shall conform to the laws and regulations concerning navigation, and the places and ports into which it may be permitted to enter, which are in force with regard to the citizens or subjects of the country; and it shall be lawful for the officers of the customs in the district where the said vessels may be, to visit them, to remain on board, and to take such precautions as may be necessary to prevent all illicit commerce while such vessels remain within the said jurisdiction.

ARTICLE 8. It is also agreed, that the vessels of one of the contracting parties,Vessels may land part of their cargoes, and proceed with the remainder, on paying the proportional duties, &c. entering the ports of the other, shall be permitted to discharge a part only of their cargoes, whenever the captain or owner shall desire so to do, and they shall be allowed to depart freely with the remainder, without paying any duties, imposts, or charges whatsoever, except on that part which shall have been landed, and which shall be marked and noted on the list or manifest containing the enumeration of the merchandise which the vessel ought to have on board, and which list ought always to be presented, without reservation, to the officers of the customs at the place where the vessel shall have arrived; and nothing shall be paid on the part of the cargo which the vessel takes away; and the said vessel may proceed therewith to any other port or ports in the same country, into which vessels of the most favoured nations are permitted to enter, and there dispose of the same; or the said vessel may depart therewith to the ports of any other country.

It is, however, understood,Exception as to vessels. that the duties, imposts, or charges, which are payable on the vessel itself, ought to be paid at the first port where it breaks bulk and discharges a part of the cargo, and that no such duties or impositions shall be again demanded in the ports of the same country where the said vessel may thereafter enter, except the inhabitants of the country be subjected to further duties in the same circumstances. ARTICLE 9. The citizens or subjects of one of the contracting parties, shall enjoyRights and privileges of entrepot. in the ports of the other, as well for their vessels as for their merchandise, all the rights and privileges of entrepot, which are enjoyed by the most favoured nations in the same ports.

ARTICLE 10. In case any vessel, belonging to either of the two states or to their 239 de la colonie d’où l’exportation aura été faite, sera regardée comme preuve suffisante de l’origine des articles ainsi désignés ou spécifiés, pour qu’ils soient admis à ce titre dans les ports des Etats Unis. ARTICLE SEPTIÈME. Les citoyens ou sujets de l’une des parties contractantes, arrivant avec leurs vaisseaux à l’une des côtes appartenantes à l’autre, mais ne voulant pas entrer dans le port, ou après y être entrés ne voulant pas décharger quelque partie de la cargaison ou déranger quelque chose du chargement, auront la liberté de partir et de poursuivre leur voyage sans être en quelque sorte molestés ou obligés de rendre compte du contenu de la cargaison, et sans payer d’autres droits, impôts ou charges quelconques pour les vaisseaux ou la cargaison que les droits de pilotage quand on s’est servi d’un pilote, et ceux pour le quayage ou pour l’entretien des fanaux là où ces mêmes droits sont perçus sur les nationaux dans le même cas.

Bien entendu cependant que lorsque des vaisseaux appartenans aux citoyens ou sujets de l’une des parties contractantes se trouveraient dans l’enceinte de la jurisdiction de l’autre, ils se conformeront aux règlements et ordonnances concernant la navigation et les places ou ports dans lesquels on peut aborder, qui sont en vigueur à l’égard des nations les plus favorisées et il sera permis aux officiers de douane dans les districts desquels les dits vaisseaux se trouvent, de les visiter, de rester à bord et de prendre telles précautions qui peuvent être nécessaires pour prévenir tout commerce illicite pendant que les mêmes vaisseaux restent dans l’enceinte de cette même jurisdiction.

ARTICLE HUITIÈME. Il est aussi convenu, que les vaisseaux de l’une des parties contractantes, étant entrés dans les ports de l’autre, ils pourront se borner à ne décharger qu’une partie de leur cargaison selon que le capitaine ou propriétaire le désire, et qu’ils pourront s’en aller librement avec le reste de la cargaison sans payer de droits, impôts ou charges quelconques que pour la partie qui aura été mise à terre et qui sera marquée et biffée sur la liste ou le manifeste contenant l’énumération des effets que le vaisseau aura dû apporter laquelle liste devra toujours être présentée en entier à la douane au lieu où le vaisseau aura abordé.

Il ne sera rien payé pour la partie de la cargaison que le vaisseau aura emporté et avec laquelle il pourra continuer sa route pour un ou plusieurs autres ports du même pays dans lesquels l’entrée est permise aux vaisseaux des nations les plus favorisées, et y disposer du reste de sa cargaison en payant les droits qui y sont attachés, ou bien il pourra s’en aller avec la cargaison qui lui reste pour les ports de quelque autre pays. Il est cependant entendu que les droits, impôts ou charges quelconques qui sont payables pour le vaisseau même doivent être acquittés dans le premier port où il rompt le chargement et en décharge une partie et qu’aucuns droits ou impositions pareils ne seront demandés de nouveau dans les ports du même pays, où le dit vaisseau pourrait vouloir entrer après à moins que les nationaux ne soient sujets à quelques droits ultérieurs pour le même cas.

ARTICLE NEUVIÈME. Les citoyens et sujets de l’une des parties contractantes jouiront dans les ports de l’autre tant pour leur vaisseaux que pour leurs marchandises de tous les droits et facilités d’entrepôt dont jouissent les nations les plus favorisées dans les mêmes ports. ARTICLE DIXIÈME. Au cas que quelque vaisseau appartenant à l’un des deux Etats ou à 240 citizens or subjects, shall be stranded, shipwrecked, or have sufferedRegulations in case of shipwreck. any other damage on the coasts under the dominion of either of the parties, all aid and assistance shall be given to the persons shipwrecked, or who may be in danger thereof, and passports shall be granted them to return to their own country.

The ships and merchandise wrecked, or the proceeds thereof, if the effects be sold, being claimed in a year and a day, by the owners, or their attorney, shall be restored on paying the same costs of salvage, conformably to the laws and usages of the two nations, which the citizens or subjects of the country would pay in the same circumstances. The respective governments shall watch over the companies which are or may be instituted for saving shipwrecked persons and property, that vexations and abuses may not take place.

ARTICLE 11. It is agreed that vessels arriving direct from the United States, at aQuarantine regulations. port under the dominion of his Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, or from the ports of his said Majesty in Europe at a port of the United States, furnished with a certificate of health from the competent health officer of the port whence they took their departure, certifying that no malignant or contagious disease existed at that port, shall not be subjected to any other quarantine than such as shall be necessary for the visit of the health officer of the port at which they may have arrived; but shall, after such visit, be permitted immediately to enter and discharge their cargoes:

Provided always, that there may not be found any person on board who has been, during the voyage, afflicted with a malignant or contagious disease, and that the country from which the vessel comes may not be so generally regarded at the time as infected, or suspected, that it has been previously necessary to issue a regulation by which all vessels coming from that country are regarded as suspected, and subjected to quarantine. ARTICLE 12. The treaty of amity and commerce, concluded at Paris, in 1783, byThe treaty of Paris, concluded in 1783, ante, page 60, revived in part. the plenipotentiaries of the United States and of his Majesty the King of Sweden, is renewed and put in force by the present treaty, in respect to all which is contained in the second, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, and twenty-fifth, articles of the said treaty, as well as the separate articles one, two, four, and five, which were signed the same day by the same plenipotentiaries; and the articles specified shall be considered to have as full force and vigour as if they were inserted word for word:Exception as to the effect of the revival of the treaty of 1783, in relation to other powers.

Provided, nevertheless, that the stipulations contained in the articles above mentioned shall always be considered as making no change in the conventions previously concluded with other friendly and allied nations. ARTICLE 13. Considering the distance of the respective countries of the two highStipulations concerning blockade. contracting parties, and the uncertainty that results therefrom in relation to the various events which may take place, it is agreed that a merchant vessel, belonging to one of the contracting parties, and destined to a port supposed to be blockaded at the time of her departure, shall not, however, be captured or condemned for having a first time attempted to enter the said port, unless it may be proved that the said vessel could and ought to have learned, on her passage, that the place 241 leurs citoyens et sujets aura échoué, fait naufrage ou souffert quelque autre dommage sur les côtes de la domination de l’une des deux parties contractantes, il sera donné toute aide et assistance aux personnes naufragés, ou qui se trouvent en danger, et il leur sera accordé des passeports pour assurer leur retour dans leur patrie.

Les navires et marchandises naufragés ou leur provenu, si les effets eussent été vendus, étant réclamés dans l’an et jour par les propriétaires, ou leurs ayant cause, seront restitués en payant les mêmes frais du sauvetage conformément aux loix et coutumes des deux nations que payeraient les nationaux dans le même cas. Les gouvernements respectifs veilleront à ce que les compagnies qui sont ou pourront être instituées pour sauver les personnes et effets naufragés, ne se permettent point de vexations ou actes arbitraires.

ARTICLE ONZIÈME. Il est convenu que les vaisseaux qui arrivent directement des Etats-Unis à un port de la domination de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, ou des pays de sa dite Majesté, en Europe, à un port des Etats-Unis et qui sont pourvus d’un certificat de santé donné par l’officier compétent à cet égard du port d’où le vaisseau est sorti et assurant qu’aucune maladie maligne ou contagieuse n’existait dans ce port, ne seront soumis à aucune autre quarantaine que celle qui sera nécessaire pour la visite de l’officier de santé du port où le vaisseau est arrivé, après laquelle il sera permis au vaisseau d’entrer immédiatement et de décharger sa cargaison, bien entendu toujours qu’il n’y ait eu personne à bord du vaisseau qui s’est trouvé attaqué pendant le voyage d’une maladie maligne ou contagieuse et que la contrée d’où vient le vaisseau ne soit pas à cette époque si généralement regardée comme infectée ou suspecte, qu’on ait été obligé de donner auparavant une ordonnance par laquelle tous les vaisseaux qui viendraient de ce pays seraient regardés comme suspects et soumis à la quarantaine.

ARTICLE DOUZIÈME. Le Traité d’Amitié et de Commerce, conclu à Paris, en 1783, par les Plénipotentiaires des Etats Unis et de sa Majesté le Roi de Suède, est renouvelé et mis en vigueur par le présent Traité pour tout ce qui est contenu dans les articles deux, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dissept, dixhuit, dixneuf, vingtun, vingt deux, vingt trois et vingt cinq du dit traité, ainsi que les articles séparés un, deux, quatre et cinq, qui furent signés le même jour par les mêmes plénipotentiaires et les articles désignés seront regardés comme ayant force et vigueur tout comme s’ils étaient ici insérés mot à mot.

Bien entendu que les stipulations contenues dans les articles précités, seront toujours censées ne rien changer aux conventions précédemment conclues avec d’autres nations amies et alliées. ARTICLE TREIZIÈME. Vû l’éloignement des pays respectifs des deux hautes parties contractantes et l’incertitude qui en résulte sur les divers événements qui peuvent avoir lieu, il est convenu qu’un bâtiment marchand appartenant à l’une des parties contractantes et se trouvant destiné pour un port qui serait supposé bloqué au moment du départ de ce bâtiment, ne sera cependant pas capturé ou condamné pour avoir essayé une première fois d’entrer dans le dit port, à moins qu’il ne puisse être prouvé, que le dit bâtiment ait pû et dû apprendre, en route, que l’état de blocus de la 242 in question continued to be in a state of blockade.

But vessels which, after having been once turned away, shall attempt a second time, during the same voyage, to enter the same port of the enemy, while the blockade continues, shall be liable to detention and condemnation. ARTICLE 14. The present treaty, when the same shall have been ratified by theThis treaty to endure for eight years after the exchange of the ratifications. President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and by his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, shall continue in force, and be obligatory on the United States and his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, for the term of eight years from the exchange of the ratifications; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in eight months from the signature of this treaty, or sooner if possible.

In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty, and have thereunto set the seal of their arms. Done at Stockholm, the fourth day of September, in the year of Grace, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. JONA. RUSSELL, (l. s.) Le Comte d’ENGESTROM, (l. s.) Le Comte A. G. de MORNER, (l. s.) 243 place en question continuait: mais les bâtimens qui, après avoir été renvoyés une fois, essayeraient pendant le même voyage d’entrer une seconde fois dans le même port ennemi, durant la continuation du blocus, se trouveront alors sujets à être détenus et condamnés.

ARTICLE QUATORZIÈME. Le présent Traité dès qu’il aura été ratifié par le Président des Etats Unis par et avec l’avis et le consentement du Sénat, et par sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, restera en vigueur et sera obligatoire pour les Etats Unis et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, pendant l’espace de huit ans, à compter de l’échange des ratifications et celles-ci seront échangées dans huit mois après la signature de ce Traité, et plutôt si faire se peut. En foi de quoi les plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé le présent Traité et y ont apposé le cachet de leurs armes.

Fait à Stockholm le quatre Septembre, l’an de Grace, mil huit cent seize. JONA RUSSELL, (l. s.) Le Comte d’ENGESTROM, (l. s.) Le Comte A. G. de MORNER, (l. s.) 1816-12-22 Treaty 8 Stat. 244 RENEWED TREATY WITH ALGIERS. *Treaty of Peace and Amity, concluded between the United States of America and the Dey and Regency of Algiers.* (*a*) (*a*) See notes of the treaties with Algiers, ante, page 133. The President of the United States and the Dey of Algiers, beingDec. 22 and 23, 1816.Ratified Feb. 11, 1822. desirous to restore and maintain, upon a stable and permanent footing, the relations of peace and good understanding between the two powers, and for this purpose to renew the Treaty of Peace and Amity which was concluded between the two States by William Shaler and Commodore Stephen Decatur, as Commissioners Plenipotentiary on the part of the United States, and his Highness Omar Bashaw, Dey of Algiers, onAnte, p. 224. the 30th of June, 1815.

The President of the United States having subsequently nominated and appointed, by Commission, the above-named William Shaler, and Isaac Chauncey, Commodore and Commander in Chief of all the Naval Forces of the United States in the Mediterranean, Commissioners Plenipotentiary to treat with his Highness the Dey of Algiers, for the renewal of the Treaty aforesaid; and they have concluded, settled, and signed, the following Articles: Art. 1. There shall be, from the conclusion of this Treaty, a firm, perpetual,Peace and friendship. inviolable, and universal, peace and friendship between the President and Citizens of the United States of America, on the one part, and the Dey and subjects of the Regency of Algiers, in Barbary, on the other, made by the free consent of both parties, and on the terms of the most favored nations:

And if either party shall hereafter grant to any otherFavors in navigation and commerce to be common to each, &c. nation any particular favor or privilege in navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party; freely, when freely it is granted to such other nations; but when the grant is conditional, it shall be at the option of the contracting parties to accept, alter, or reject, such conditions, in such manner as shall be most conducive to their respective interests.

Art. 2. It is distinctly understood between the contracting parties,Abolition of tribute in any form. that no tribute, either as biennial presents, or under any other form or name whatever, shall be required by the Dey and Regency of Algiers from the United States of America, on any pretext whatever. Art. 3. [Relates to the mutual restitution of prisoners and subjects,See Articles 3 and 4, of the Treaty of 30th June, 1815, ante, page 224. and has been duly executed.] Art. 4. [Relates to the delivery, into the hands of the Consul General, of a quantity of Bales of Cotton, &c. and has been duly executed.] Art. 5.

If any goods belonging to any nation with which either ofEnemies’ property to pass free in vessels of each party. the parties are at war, should be loaded on board vessels belonging to the other party, they shall pass free and unmolested, and no attempt shall be made to take or detain them. Art. 6. If any citizens or subjects, belonging to either party, shallCitizens or subjects taken on board an enemy’s vessel to be liberated. be found on board a prize vessel taken from an enemy by the other party, such citizens or subjects shall be liberated immediately, and in no case, or on any pretence whatever, shall any American citizen be kept in captivity or confinement, or the property of any American citizen found on board of any vessel belonging to any nation with which Algiers 244TREATY WITH ALGIERS. 1816.245 may be at war, be detained from its lawful owners after the exhibition of sufficient proofs of American citizenship and American property, by the Consul of the United States residing at Algiers.

Art. 7. Proper passports shall immediately be given to the vesselsPassports to vessels of each party, and right of visit restricted. of both the contracting parties, on condition that the vessels of war belonging to the Regency of Algiers, on meeting with merchant vessels belonging to the citizens of the United States of America, shall not be permitted to visit them with more than two persons besides the rowers; these only shall be permitted to go on board without first obtaining leave from the commander of said vessel, who shall compare the passports, and immediately permit said vessel to proceed on her voyage; and should any of the subjects of Algiers insult or molest the commander,Offenders to be punished for abusing the right of visit. or any other person on board a vessel so visited, or plunder any of the property contained in her, on complaint being made to the Consul of the United States residing in Algiers, and on his producing sufficient proofs to substantiate the fact, the commander or rais of said Algerine ship or vessel of war, as well as the offenders, shall be punished in the most exemplary manner.

All vessels of war belonging to the United States of America, on meetingVessels of war of U. S. to suffer Algerine cruisers to pass, &c. a cruiser belonging to the Regency of Algiers, on having seen her passports and certificates from the Consul of the United States residing in Algiers, shall permit her to proceed on her cruise unmolested, and without detention. No passport shall be granted by either party to any vessels, but such as are absolutely the property of citizens or subjects of the said contracting parties, on any pretence whatever.

Art. 8. A citizen or subject of either of the contracting partiesWhat shall be sufficient passport. having bought a prize vessel condemned by the other party, or by any other nation, the certificates of condemnation and bill of sale shall be a sufficient passport for such vessel for six months; which, considering the distance between the two countries, is no more than a reasonable time for her to procure passports. Art. 9. Vessels of either of the contracting parties putting into theProvisions to be furnished to vessels at market price. ports of the other, and having need of provisions or other supplies, shall be furnished at the market price; and if any such vessel should so put in from a disaster at sea, and have occasion to repair, she shall be at liberty to land and re-embark her cargo, without paying any customs or duties whatever; but in no case shall be compelled to land her cargo.

Art. 10. Should a vessel of either of the contracting parties be castAssistance to be given to the crew, and protection to the property of vessels cast ashore. on shore within the territories of the other, all proper assistance shall be given to her and her crew; no pillage shall be allowed; the property shall remain at the disposal of the owners; and, if reshipped on board of any vessel for exportation, no customs or duties whatever shall be required to be paid thereon, and the crew shall be protected and succored until they can be sent to their own country.

Art. 11. if a vessel of either of the contracting parties shall be attackedHow vessels may be protected. by an enemy within cannon-shot of the forts of the other, she shall be protected as much as is possible. If she be in port, she shall not be seized or attacked, when it is in the power of the other party to protect her; and when she proceeds to sea, no enemy shall be permitted to pursue her from the same port within twenty-four hours after her departure. Art. 12. The commerce between the United States of America andCommerce, &c. on the footing of the most favored nations. the Regency of Algiers, the protections to be given to merchants, masters of vessels, and seamen, the reciprocal rights of establishing Consuls in each country, the privileges, immunities, and jurisdictions, 246 to be enjoyed by such Consuls, are declared to be on the same footing, in every respect, with the most favored nations, respectively.

Art. 13. The Consul of the United States of America shall not beConsul of U.S. not responsible for debts of citizens, &c. responsible for the debts contracted by the citizens of his own country, unless he gives previously written obligations so to do. Art. 14. On a vessel or vessels of war belonging to the United StatesSalutes to vessels of war of U. S. anchoring before the city of Algiers, the Consul is to inform the Dey of her arrival, when she shall receive the salutes which are, by treaty or custom, given to the ships of war of the most favored nations on similar occasions, and which shall be returned gun for gun; and if, after such arrival, so announced, any Christians whatever, captives in Algiers, make their escape and take refuge on board any of the said ships of war, they shall not be required back again, nor shall the Consul of the United States or commander of the said ship be required to pay any thing for the said Christians.

Art. 15. As the government of the United States has, in itself, noPretexts arising from religious opinions, not to interrupt harmony, &c. character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity, of any nation, and as the said States have never entered into any voluntary war, or act of hostility, except in defence of their just rights on the high seas, it is declared, by the contracting parties, that no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony between the two nations; and the Consuls and Agents of both nations shall have liberty to celebrate the rites of their respective religions in their own houses.

The Consuls, respectively, shall have liberty and personal securityConsuls may travel within the territories of each party, &c. given them to travel within the territories of each other by land and sea, and shall not be prevented from going on board any vessel they may think proper to visit; they shall likewise have the liberty to appoint their own draggman and broker. Art. 16. In case of any dispute arising from the violation of any ofHow disputes may be settled, &c. the articles of this treaty, no appeal shall be made to arms, nor shall war be declared on any pretext whatever; but if the Consul residing at the place where the dispute shall happen, shall not be able to settle the same, the government of that country shall state their grievance in writing, and transmit the same to the government of the other, and the period of three months shall be allowed for answers to be returned, during which time no act of hostility shall be permitted by either party; and in case the grievances are not redressed, and a war should be the event, the Consuls, and citizens, and subjects, of both parties, respectively, shall be permitted to embark with their effects unmolested, on board of what vessel or vessels they shall think proper, reasonable time being allowed for that purpose.

Art. 17. If, in the course of events, a war should break out betweenPrisoners of war not to be made slaves; but to be exchanged, &c. within 12 months. the two nations, the prisoners captured by either party shall not be made slaves; they shall not be forced to hard labor, or other confinement than such as may be necessary to secure their safe keeping, and shall be exchanged rank for rank; and it is agreed that prisoners shall be exchanged in twelve months after their capture; and the exchange may be effected by any private individual legally authorized by either of the parties.

Art. 18. If any of the Barbary Powers, or other States at war withPowers at war with U. S. not to be suffered to sell American captured vessels at Algiers. the United States, shall capture any American vessel and send her into any port of the Regency of Algiers, they shall not be permitted to sell her, but shall be forced to depart the port on procuring the requisite supplies of provisions; but the vessels of war of the United States, with any prizes they may capture from their enemies, shall have liberty to frequent the ports of Algiers for refreshment of any kind, and to sell 247 such prizes in the said ports, without paying any other customs or duties than such as are customary on ordinary commercial importations.

Art. 19. if any of the citizens of the United States, or any personsConsul of U.S. to decide disputes between American citizens, &c. under their protection, shall have any disputes with each other, the Consul shall decide between the parties; and whenever the Consul shall require any aid or assistance from the government of Algiers to enforce his decision, it shall be immediately granted to him; and if any disputes shall arise between any citizens of the United States and the citizens or subjects of any other nations having a Consul or Agent in Algiers, such disputes shall be settled by the Consuls or Agents of the respective nations; and any disputes or suits of law that may take place between any citizens of the United States and the subjects of the Regency of Algiers, shall be decided by the Dey in person, and no other.

Art. 20. If a citizen of the United States should kill, wound, orIn case of killing, wounding, or striking, the law of the country to prevail, &c. strike, a subject of Algiers, or, on the contrary, a subject of Algiers should kill, wound, or strike, a citizen of the United States, the law of the country shall take place, and equal justice shall be rendered, the Consul assisting at the trial; but the sentence of punishment against an American citizen shall not be greater or more severe than it would be against a Turk in the same predicament; and if any delinquent should make his escape, the Consul shall not be responsible for him in any manner whatever.

Art. 21. The Consul of the United States of America shall not beConsul of U.S. not to pay duties on what he imports for his house and family. required to pay any customs or duties whatever on any thing he imports from a foreign country for the use of his house and family. Art. 22. Should any of the citizens of the United States of AmericaCitizens of U. S. dying within the Regency of Algiers, their property to be under the direction of the consul, unless, &c. die, within the Regency of Algiers, the Dey and his subjects shall not interfere with the property of the deceased, but it shall be under the immediate direction of the Consul, unless otherwise disposed of by will.

Should there be no Consul, the effects shall be deposited in the hands of some person worthy of trust, until the party shall appear who has a right to demand them, when they shall render an account of the property; neither shall the Dey or his subjects give hindrance in the execution of any will that may appear. ARTICLE ADDITIONAL AND EXPLANATORY. The United States of America, in order to give to the Dey of AlgiersPart of the 13th Article of the foregoing Treaty annulled. a proof of their desire to maintain the relations of peace and amity between the two powers upon a footing the most liberal, and in order to withdraw any obstacle which might embarrass him in his relations with other states, agree to annul so much of the eighteenth Article of the foregoing Treaty, as gives to the United States any advantage in the ports of Algiers over the most favored nations having Treaties with the Regency.

Done at the Palace of the Government, in Algiers, on the 22d day of December, 1816, which corresponds to the third of the Moon Safar, year of the Hegira 1232. Whereas the undersigned William Shaler, a citizen of the State of New-York, and Isaac Chauncey, Commander in Chief of the Naval Forces of the United States, stationed in the Mediterranean, being duly appointed Commissioners, by Letters Patent under the signature of the President and Seal of the United States of America, bearing date at the City of Washington, the twenty-fourth day of August, A.

D. 1816, for negotiating and concluding the renewal of a Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Dey and Subjects of the Regency 248CONVENTION WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 1818. of Algiers, we, therefore, William Shaler and Isaac Chauncey, Commissioners as aforesaid, do conclude the foregoing Treaty, and every Article and Clause therein contained, reserving the same, nevertheless, for the final ratification of the President of the United States of America, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate of the United States.

Done in the Chancery of the Consulate General of the United States, in the City of Algiers, on the 23d day of December, in the year 1816, and of the Independence of the United States the forty-first. WM. SHALER. (l. s.) I. CHAUNCEY. (l. s.) The signature of the Dey is stamped at the beginning and end of the Treaty, } Oct. 20, 1818 Convention 8 Stat. 248 CONVENTION WITH GREAT BRITAIN. (*a*) (*a*) See notes of the treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain, ante, page 54. *The United States of America, and his Majesty the King of theOct. 20, 1818.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, desirous to cement the good understanding which happily subsists between them, have, for that purpose, named their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: The President of the United States, on his part, has appointed Albert Gallatin, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of France; and Richard Rush, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of his Britannic Majesty: And his Majesty has appointed the right honourable Frederick John Robinson, Treasurer of his Majesty’s Navy, and President of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations; and Henry Goulburn, Esq., one of his Majesty’s Under Secretaries of State:

Who, after having exchanged their respectiveFull powers exchanged. full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to and concluded the following articles:* ARTICLE 1. Whereas differences have arisen respecting the liberty claimed byDefinition of the extent of the common right of fishing, &c. on the coast of the British dominions in America. the United States, for the inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, and cure, fish, on certain coasts, bays, harbours, and creeks, of his Britannic Majesty’s dominions in America, it is agreed between the high contracting parties, that the inhabitants of the said United States shall have, forever, in common with the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, the liberty to take fish of every kind on that part of the southern coast of Newfoundland, which extends from Cape Ray to the Rameau Islands, on the western and northern coast of Newfoundland, from the said Cape Ray to the Quirpon Islands, on the shores of the Magdalen Islands, and also on the coasts, bays, harbours, and creeks, from Mount Joly, on the southern coast of Labrador, to and through the Streights of Belleisle, and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast, without prejudice,Exception as to the Hudson Bay Company. however, to any of the exclusive rights of the Hudson Bay Company:

And that the American fishermen shall also have liberty, forever, to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours, and creeks, of the southern part of the coast of Newfoundland, hereabove described, and 249 of the coast of Labrador; but so soon as the same, or any portion thereof, shall be settled, it shall not be lawful for the said fishermen to dry or cure fish at such portion so settled, without previous agreement for such purpose, with the inhabitants, proprietors, or possessors, of the ground.

And the United States hereby renounce, forever, any libertyRenunciation by the United States as to other fisheries, except, &c. heretofore enjoyed or claimed by the inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, or cure fish, on or within three marine miles of any of the coasts, bays, creeks, or harbours, of his Britannic Majesty’s dominions in America, not included within the abovementioned limits: Provided, however, that the American fishermen shall be admitted to enter such bays or harbours, for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages therein, of purchasing wood, and of obtaining water, and for no other purpose whatever.

But they shall be under such restrictions as may be necessary to prevent their taking, drying, or curing, fish therein, or in any other manner whatever abusing the privileges hereby reserved to them. ARTICLE 2. It is agreed, that a line drawn from the most northwestern point ofDefinition of the northern boundary of the U. S. from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains. the Lake of the Woods, along the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, or if the said point shall not be in the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, then that a line drawn from the said point due north or south, as the case may be, until the said line shall intersect the said parallel of north latitude, and from the point of such intersection due west along and with the said parallel, shall be the line of demarkation between the territories of the United States and those of his Britannic Majesty, and that the said line shall form the northern boundary of the said territories of the United States, and the southern boundary of the territories of his Britannic Majesty, from the Lake of the Woods to the Stony Mountains.

ARTICLE 3. It is agreed, that any country that may be claimed by either party onCountry claimed by either party westward of the Stony Mountains, to be free to both parties, until Oct. 20, 1828. the northwest coast of America, westward of the Stony Mountains, shall, together with its harbours, bays, and creeks, and the navigation of all rivers within the same, be free and open, for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present convention, to the vessels, citizens, and subjects, of the two powers: it being well understood, that this agreement is not to be construed to the prejudice of any claim which either of the two high contracting parties may have to any part of the said country, nor shall it be taken to affect the claims of any other power or state to any part of the said country; the only object of the high contracting parties, in that respect, being to prevent disputes and differences amongst themselves.

ARTICLE 4. All the provisions of the convention “to regulate the commerceConvention of London, of 3d July 1815, continued for ten years.Ante, p. 228. between the territories of the United States and of his Britannic Majesty,” concluded at London, on the third day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, with the exception of the clause which limited its duration to four years, and excepting, also, so far as the same was affected by the declaration of his Majesty respecting the Island of St.

Helena, are hereby extended and continued in force for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present convention, in the same manner as if all the provisions of the said convention were herein specially recited. ARTICLE 5. Whereas it was agreed by the first article of the treaty of Ghent,Reference to 1st article of treaty of Ghent. that “All territory, places, and possessions, whatsoever, taken by either party from the other, during the war, or which may be taken after the 250 signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction, or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property originally captured in the said forts or places, which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty, or any slaves, or other private property;” and whereas, under the aforesaid article, the UnitedAnte, p. 218.Claim for slaves under the 1st article of the treaty of Ghent.

States claim for their citizens, and as their private property, the restitution of, or full compensation for, all slaves who, at the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the said treaty, were in any territory, places, or possessions, whatsoever, directed by the said treaty to be restored to the United States, but then still occupied by the British forces, whether such slaves were, at the date aforesaid, on shore, or on board any British vessel, lying in waters within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States; and whereas differences have arisen whether,Differences growing out of the claim for slaves, to be referred to some friendly sovereign or state. by the true intent and meaning of the aforesaid article of the treaty of Ghent, the United States are entitled to the restitution of, or full compensation for, all or any slaves, as above described, the high contracting parties hereby agree to refer the said differences to some friendly sovereign or state, to be named for that purpose; and the high contracting parties further engage to consider the decision of such friendly sovereign or state to be final and conclusive on all the matters referred.

ARTICLE 6. This convention, when the same shall have been duly ratified by theThis convention obligatory on exchange of ratifications. President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, and by his Britannic Majesty, and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding and obligatory on the said United States, and on his majesty; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in six months from this date, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have thereunto affixed the seal of their arms.

Done at London, this twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighteen. ALBERT GALLATIN, (l. s.) RICHARD RUSH, (l. s.) FREDERICK JOHN ROBINSON, (l. s.) HENRY GOULBURN. (l. s.) DECISION *Of the Commissioners under the fourth article of the Treaty of Ghent.* By Thomas Barclay and John Holmes, esquires, commissioners, appointedDecision of the commissioners under the 4th article of the treaty of Ghent.New York, Nov. 24, 1814.Ante, p. 219. by virtue of the fourth article of the treaty of peace and amity between his Britannic majesty and the United States of America, concluded at Ghent, on the twenty-fourth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and fourteen, to decide to which of the two contracting parties to the said treaty, the several islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, and the island of Grand Meuan, in the said Bay of Fundy, do respectively belong, in conformity with the true intent of the second article of the treaty of peace of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, between his said Britannic majesty and the aforesaid United States of America.Ante, page 81.

We, the said Thomas Barclay and John Holmes, commissioners as aforesaid, having been duly sworn impartially to examine and decide upon the said claims, according to such evidence as should be laid 251DECISION UNDER TREATY OF GHENT. 1817. before us on the part of his Britannic majesty and the United States, respectively, have decided, and do decide, that Moose Island, DudleyMoose Island, &c. belong to United States. Island, and Frederick Island, in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, do, and each of them does, belong to the United States of America; and we have also decided, and do decide, that all the other islands, and each and every of them, in the said BayOther islands belong to Great Britain. of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, and the Island of Grand Meuan, in the said Bay of Fundy, do belong to his said Britannic majesty, in conformity with the true intent of the said second article of said treaty of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.

In faith and testimony whereof, we have set our hands and affixed our seals, at the city of New York, in the state of New York, in the United States of America, this twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. JOHN HOLMES, (l. s.) THOMAS BARCLAY. (l. s.) *Witness*, James T. Austin, Agent U. S. A. Anthony Barclay, Secretary. DECLARATION*Of the Commissioners under the fourth article of the Treaty of Ghent.* New York, 24th November, 1817.

Sir, The undersigned commissioners, appointed by virtue of the fourthDeclaration of the commissioners accompanying their decision.Ante, p. 219. article of the treaty of Ghent, have attended to the duties assigned them; and have decided that Moose Island, Dudley Island, and Frederick Island, in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of the Bay of Fundy, do each of them belong to the United States of America, and that all the other islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, and the Island of Grand Meuan, in the Bay of Fundy, do each of them belong to his Britannic majesty, in conformity with the true intent of the second article of the treaty of peace of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three.

TheAnte, p. 81. commissioners have the honor to enclose herewith their decision. In making this decision, it became necessary that each of the commissionersEach of the commissioners has yielded a part of his individual opinion, &c. should yield a part of his individual opinion: several reasons induced them to adopt this measure; one of which was the impression and belief that the navigable waters of the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which, by the treaty of Ghent, is said to be part of the Bay of Fundy, are common to both parties for the purpose of all lawful and direct communication with their own territories and foreign ports.

With perfect respect, Sir, The undersigned have the honor to be, Your obedient and humble servants, J. HOLMES, THO: BARCLAY. The Hon. John Quincy Adams, *Secretary of State.* Feb. 22, 1819 Treaty

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