Tap any paragraph to write a margin note. Your notes collect in the Desk below the text and file under cases with @. The side-by-side margin rail opens on a larger screen.

Code · U.S. Code · Title 8 - ALIENS AND NATIONALITY · CHAPTER 12— IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY · SUBCHAPTER III— NATIONALITY AND NATURALIZATION · § 1423

§ 1423. Requirements as to understanding the English language, history, principles and form of government of the United States

1,640 words·~7 min read·/usc/title-8/section-1423

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

(a)No person except as otherwise provided in this subchapter shall hereafter be naturalized as a citizen of the United States upon his own application who cannot demonstrate—
(1)an understanding of the English language, including an ability to read, write, and speak words in ordinary usage in the English language: Provided, That the requirements of this paragraph relating to ability to read and write shall be met if the applicant can read or write simple words and phrases to the end that a reasonable test of his literacy shall be made and that no extraordinary or unreasonable condition shall be imposed upon the applicant; and
(2)a knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of the history, and of the principles and form of government, of the United States.
(1)The requirements of subsection
(a)shall not apply to any person who is unable because of physical or developmental disability or mental impairment to comply therewith.
(2)The requirement of subsection (a)(1) shall not apply to any person who, on the date of the filing of the person’s application for naturalization as provided in section 1445 of this title, either—
(A)is over fifty years of age and has been living in the United States for periods totaling at least twenty years subsequent to a lawful admission for permanent residence, or
(B)is over fifty-five years of age and has been living in the United States for periods totaling at least fifteen years subsequent to a lawful admission for permanent residence.
(3)The Attorney General, pursuant to regulations, shall provide for special consideration, as determined by the Attorney General, concerning the requirement of subsection (a)(2) with respect to any person who, on the date of the filing of the person’s application for naturalization as provided in section 1445 of this title, is over sixty-five years of age and has been living in the United States for periods totaling at least twenty years subsequent to a lawful admission for permanent residence.
(June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title III, ch. 2, § 312, 66 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 95–579, § 3, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 101–649, title IV, § 403, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5039; Pub. L. 102–232, title III, § 305(m)(2), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 103–416, title I, § 108(a), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4309.)
Connections133 cite this · traces to 4
Cited by 133 sections · top 60
statutes-at-large
bill
24 references not yet in our index
  • June 27, 1952, ch. 477
  • 66 Stat. 239
  • Pub. L. 95–579, § 3
  • 92 Stat. 2474
  • Pub. L. 101–649, title IV, § 403
  • 104 Stat. 5039
  • Pub. L. 102–232, title III, § 305(m)(2)
  • 105 Stat. 1750
  • Pub. L. 103–416, title I, § 108(a)
  • 108 Stat. 4309
  • Pub. L. 103–416
  • Pub. L. 102–232
  • Pub. L. 101–649
  • Pub. L. 95–579
  • Pub. L. 103–416, title I, § 108(c)
  • 108 Stat. 4310
  • Pub. L. 102–232, title III, § 305(m)
  • Pub. L. 103–416, title I, § 108(d)
  • Pub. L. 106–207
  • 114 Stat. 316
  • Pub. L. 106–415
  • 114 Stat. 1810
  • Pub. L. 107–77, title I, § 112
  • 115 Stat. 765
Citation graph
cites case law
§ 1423
Requirements as to understanding the English language, history, principles and form of government of the United States
Bills×70
Stat.×31
Fed. Reg.×20
U.S.C.×7
Stat. Comp.×3
Pub. L.×1
C.F.R.×1
ActJune 27, 1952, ch. 477
Stat.66 Stat. 239
Pub. L.Pub. L. 95–579, § 3
Stat.92 Stat. 2474
Pub. L.Pub. L. 101–649, title IV, § 403
Cites 28 · showing 9Cited by 133 across 7 sources
★   the supreme law of the land   ★
Don't Tread on Me
E Pluribus Unum — out of many, one

"If you don't know your rights, you don't have any."

Marginalia · a citizen's law index
A research desk, not legal advice. Always read the cited source before relying on a summary.
Questions or an issue? support@self-law.org
disclaimerMarginalia is a research index, not a law firm. Nothing on this site is legal, tax, or financial advice and no attorney–client relationship is formed by using it. Statutes, regulations, and case law change; summaries, search results, AI output, and member posts may be incomplete, out of date, or wrong. Any interpretation drawn from material on this site should be validated by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before you act on it.