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8 Stat. 606 TREATY OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION Nov. 10, 1845.Ratifications exchanged, March 30, 1846.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., March 31, 1846.*Between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of the Belgians.* The United States of America on the one part, and his Majesty the King of the Belgians on the other part, wishing to regulate in a formal manner their reciprocal relations of commerce and navigation, and further to strengthen, through the development of their interests respectively, the bonds of friendship and good understanding so happily established between the governments and people of the two countries ; and desiring, with this view, to conclude, by common agreement, a treaty establishing conditions equally advantageous to the commerce and navigation of both states, have, to that effect, appointed as their plenipotentiaries, namely: the President of the United States, Thomas G.

Clemson, Chargé d’affaires of the United States of America to his Majesty the King of the Belgians; and his Majesty the King of the Belgians, M. Adolphe Dechamps, officer of the Order of Leopold, knight of the Order of the Red Eagle of the first class, grand cross of the Order of St. Michel of Bavaria, his minister for foreign affairs, a member of the Chamber of Representants, who, after having communicated to each other their full powers, ascertained to be in good and proper form, have agreed and concluded the following articles:

ARTICLE I. Freedom of commerce between the two countries.The same duties, taxes, &c. to be paid, as are paid by citizens of either country, &c.There shall be full and entire freedom of commerce and navigation between the inhabitants of the two countries; and the same security and protection which is enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of each country, shall be guarantied on both sides. The said inhabitants, whether established or temporarily residing within any ports, cities, or places whatever, of the two countries, shall not, on account of their commerce or industry, pay any other or higher duties, taxes, or imposts, than those which shall be levied on citizens or subjects of the country in which they may be; and the privileges, immunities, and other favors, with regard to commerce or industry, enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of one of the two states, shall be common to those of the other.

ARTICLE II. Belgian vessels shall pay in the ports of the U.S. no other or higher duties of tonnage, &c.Belgian vessels, whether coming from a Belgian or a foreign port, shall not pay, either on entering or leaving the ports of the United States, whatever may be their destination, any other or higher duties of tonnage, pilotage, anchorage, buoys, light-houses, clearance, brokerage, or generally other charges whatsoever, than are required from vessels of the United States in similar cases.

This provision extends, not only to duties levied for the benefit of the state, but also to those levied for the benefit of provinces, cities, countries, districts, townships, corporations, or any other division or jurisdiction, whatever may be its designation. ARTICLE III. Vessels of U.S. shall pay in the ports of Belgium no other or higher duties of tonnage, &c.Reciprocally, vessels of the United States, whether coming from a port of said States, or from a foreign port, shall not pay, either on entering or leaving the ports of Belgium, whatever may be their destination, any other or higher duties of tonnage, pilotage, anchorage, buoys, light-houses, clearance, brokerage, or generally other charges 606 TRAITÉ DE COMMERCE ET DE NAVIGATION Entre sa Majesté le Roi des Belges et les Etats-Unis d’Amérique.

SA Majesté le Roi des Belges d’une part, et les Etats-Unis d’Amérique d’autre part, voulant régler d’une manière formelle les relations réciproques de commerce et de navigation, et fortifier de plus en plus, par le développement des intérêts respectifs, les liens d’amitié et de bonne intelligence si heureusement établis entre les deux gouvernements et les deux peuples; désirant, dans cet but, arrêter, de commun accord, un traité stipulant des conditions également avantageuses au commerce et à la navigation des deux états, ont, à cet effet, nommé pour leurs plénipotentiaires, savoir:

Sa Majesté le Roi des Belges, le sieur Adolphe Dechamps, officiere de l’Ordre de Léopold, chevalier de l’Ordre de l’Aigle Rouge de première classe, Grand croix de l’Ordre de St. Michel de Bavière, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères, Membre de la Chambre des Représentants; et Son Excellence le Président des Etats-Unis, le sieur Thomas G. Clemson, chargé d’affaires des Etats-Unis d’Amérique près sa Majesté le Roi des Belges; lesquels après s’ètre communiqué leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté et conclu les articles suivants:

ARTICLE 1. Il y aura pleine et entière liberté de commerce et de navigation entre les habitans des deux pays, et la même sécurité et protection dont jouissent les nationaux, seront garanties des deux parts. Ces habitans ne payeront point, à. raison de leur commerce ou de leur industrie, dans les ports, villes, ou lieux quelconques des deux états, soit qu’ils s’y établissent, soit qu’ils y résident temporairement, des droits, taxes, ou impôts autre ou plus élevés que ceux qui se percevront sur les nationaux; et les privilèges, immunités, et autres faveurs dont jouissent en matière de commerce ou d’industrie les citoyens ou sujets de l’un des deux états, seront communs à ceux de l’autre.

ARTICLE 2. Les navires Belges venant d’un port Belge ou d’un port étranger, ne payeront point à leur entrée dans les ports des Etats-Unis, ou à leur sortie, quelle que soit leur destination, d’autres ni de plus forts droits de tonnage, de pilotage, d’ancrage, de balisage, de feux et de fanaux, d’expédition et de courtage, ni généralement d’autres charges que celles exigées des bâtimens de l’Union dans les mêmes cas. Ce qui précède s’entend, non seulement des droits perçus au profit de l’état, mais encore de tous droits perçus au profit des provinces, villes, arrondissemens, communes, juridictions, corporations, etc., sous quelque terme qu’elles puissent être désignées.

ARTICLE 3. Réciproquement, les navires des Etats-Unis, venant d’un port national ou d’un port étranger, ne payeront point, à leur entrée dans les ports de Belgique ou à leur sortie, quelle que soit leur destination, d’autres ni de plus fort droits de tonnage, de pilotage, d’ancrage, de balisage, de feux et de fanaux, d’expedition et de courtage, ni généralement d’autres 607 608 whatever, than are required from Belgian vessels in similar cases. This provision extends not only to duties levied for the benefit of the state, but also to those levied for the benefit of provinces, cities, countries, districts, townships, corporations, or any other division or jurisdiction, whatever may be its designation.

ARTICLE IV. Restitution guarantied of certain duties levied by the Netherlands.The restitution by Belgium of the duty levied by the government of the Netherlands on the navigation of the Scheldt, in virtue of the third paragraph of the ninth article of the treaty of April nineteenth, eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, is guarantied to the vessels of the United States. ARTICLE V. Steam vessels to be exempt from duties of tonnage, &c.Steam vessels of the United States and of Belgium, engaged in regular navigation between the United States and Belgium, shall be exempt in both countries from the payment of duties of tonnage, anchorage, buoys, and light-houses.

ARTICLE VI. Coasting trade between the ports of either country.As regards the coasting trade between the ports of either country, the vessels of the two nations shall be treated on both sides on the same footing with the vessels of the most favored nations. ARTICLE VII. Articles proceeding from the soil, &c. of Belgium, to pay no other duties, &c.Articles of every description, whether proceeding from the soil, industry, or warehouses of Belgium, directly imported therefrom, into the ports of the United States, in Belgian vessels, shall pay no other or higher duties of import than if they were imported under the flag of said States.

Productions of U. S. imported into Belgium in vessels of U. S., to pay no other duties, &c.And, reciprocally, articles of every description directly imported into Belgium from the United States, under the flag of the said States, shall pay no other or higher duties than if they were imported under the Belgian flag. It is well understood : 1st. That the goods shall have been really put on board in the ports from which they are declared respectively to come. 2d. That a putting-in at an intermediate port, produced by uncontrollable circumstances, duly proved, does not occasion the forfeiture of the advantage allowed to direct importation.

ARTICLE VIII. Articles imported into U.S. in Belgian vessels, to pay no other duties than if they had been imported, &c.Reciprocal as to U. S.Articles of every description, imported into the United States from other countries than Belgium, under the Belgian flag, shall pay no other or higher duties whatsoever, than if they had been imported under the flag of the most favored foreign nation, other than the flag of the country from which the importation is made. And, reciprocally, articles of every description, imported under the flag of the United States into Belgium, from other countries than the United States, shall pay no other or higher duties whatsoever, than if they had been imported under the flag of the foreign nation most favored, other than that of the country from which the importation is made.

ARTICLE IX. Articles exported by Belgian or U. S. vessels from the ports of either country, to pay no other duties, &c.Articles of every description, exported by Belgian vessels, or by those of the United States of America, from the ports of either country to any country whatsoever, shall be subjected to no other duties or formalities than such as are required for exportation under the flag of the country where the shipment is made. 609 charges, qui celles exigées des bàtimens Belges dans les mêmes cas.

Ce qui précède s’entend non seulement des droits perçus au profit de l’éiat, mais encore de tous droits perçus au profit des provinces, villes, arrondissemens, communes, juridictions, corporations, etc., sous quelque terme qu’elles puissent être désignées. ARTICLE 4. Le remboursement par la Belgique du droit perçu sur la navigation de l’Escaut par le gouvernement des Pays-Bas, en vertu du paragraphe troisième de l’article neuf du traité du dix-neuf Avril, mil huit cent trente-neuf, est garanti aux navires des Etats-Unis.

ARTICLE 5. Les bateaux à vapeur Belges et des Etats-Unis faisant un service régulier de navigation entre la Belgique et les Etats-Unis, seront exemptés, dans l’un et l’autre pays, du paiement des droits de tonnage, d’ancrage, de balisage, de feux et de fanaux. ARTICLE 6. En ce qui concerne l’exercice de cabotage, (commerce de port à port,) les navires des deux nations seront traités, de part et d’autre, sur le même pied que les navires des nations les plus favorisées. ARTICLE 7.

Les objets de toute nature provenant soit du sol, soit de l’industrie, soit des entrepôts de Belgique, importés en droiture de Belgique par navires Belges, dans les ports des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, ne paieront d’autres ni de plus forts droits d’entrée que s’ils étaient importés en droiture sous le pavillon des dits Etats. Et réciproquement, les objets de toute nature importés en droiture en Belgique des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, sous pavillon de ces Etats, n’ac-quitteront d’autres ni de plus forts droits que s’ils étaient importés en droiture sous pavillon Belge.

Il est bien entendu: 1º. Que les marchandises devront avoir été réellement chargées dans les ports d’où elles auront été déclarés respectivement provenir. 2º. Que la relâche forcée dans les ports intermédiaires pour des causes de force majeure dûment justifiée, ne fait pas perdre le bénéfice de l’importation en droiture. ARTICLE 8. Les objets de toute nature importés aux Etats-Unis d’ailleurs que de Belgique, sous pavillon Belge, ne payeront d’autres ni de plus forts droits quelconques, que si l’importation était effectuée sous le pavillon de la nation étrangère la plus favorisée, autre que le pavillon du pays même d’ou l’importation a lieu.

Et réciproquement, les objets de toute nature, importés sous pavillon des Etats-Unis en Belgique, d’ailleurs que des Etats-Unis, ne paieront d’autres ni de plus forts droits quelconques, que si l’importation était effectuée sous le pavillon de la nation étrangère la plus favorisée, autre que celui du pays même d’où l’importation a lieu. ARTICLE 9. Les objets de toute nature quelconque exportés par navires Belges ou par ceux des Etats-Unis d’Amérique des ports de l’un ou de l’autre de ces états vers quelque pays que ce soit, ne seront assujettis à des droits ou à des formalités autres que ceux exigés pour l’exportation par pavillon national. 610 ARTICLE X.

Premiums, drawbacks, &c. allowed upon goods imported directly from one of the two countries, &c.All premiums, drawbacks, or other favors of like nature, which may be allowed in the states of either of the contracting parties, upon goods imported or exported in national vessels, shall be likewise, and in the same manner, allowed upon goods imported directly from one of the two countries, by its vessels, into the other, or exported from one of the two countries, by the vessels of the other, to any destination whatsoever.

ARTICLE XI. Preceding article not to apply to the importation of salt, &c.The preceding article is, however, not to apply to the importation of salt, and of the produce of the national fisheries; each of the two parties reserving to itself the faculty of granting special privileges for the importation of those articles under its own flag. ARTICLE XII. Vessels provided with a passport, &c. to be recognised as national vessels, &c.The high contracting parties agree to consider and to treat as Belgian vessels, and as vessels of the United States, all those which, being provided by the competent authority with a passport, sea letter, or any other sufficient document, shall be recognised conformably with existing laws as national vessels in the country to which they respectively belong.

ARTICLE XIII. Parts of the cargo of vessels may remain on board in the respective ports without charge.Belgian vessels and those of the United States may, conformably with the laws of the two countries, retain on board, in the ports of both, such parts of their cargoes as may be destined for a foreign country ; and such parts shall not be subjected, either while they remain on board, or upon re-exportation, to any charges whatsoever, other than those for the prevention of smuggling.

ARTICLE XIV. Imported goods deposited in warehouses, to pay no other warehouse charges, &c.During the period allowed by the laws of the two countries respectively for the warehousing of goods, no duties, other than those of watch and storage, shall be levied upon articles brought from either country into the other, while awaiting transit, re-exportation, or entry for consumption. Such goods shall in no case be subject to higher warehouse charges, or to other formalities, than if they had been imported under the flag of the country.

ARTICLE XV. Favors, privileges, &c. granted to any other state, to become common to the citizens and subjects of both parties.In all that relates to duties of customs and navigation, the two high contracting parties promise, reciprocally, not to grant any favor, privilege, or immunity, to any other state, which shall not instantly become common to the citizens and subjects of both parties respectively; gratuitously, if the concession or favor to such other state is gratuitous, and on allowing the same compensation or its equivalent, if the concession is conditional.

Duties on goods of either country, to be the same as levied on goods of any other foreign country.Neither of the contracting parties shall lay upon goods proceeding from the soil or the industry of the other party, which may be imported into its ports, any other or higher duties of importation or re-exportation than are laid upon the importation and re-exportation of similar goods coming from any other foreign country. ARTICLE XVI. Assistance, &c. in case of shipwreck, &c.In cases of shipwreck, damages at sea, or forced putting-in. each party shall afford to the vessels of the other, whether belonging to the 611 ARTICLE 10.

Les primes, restitutions, ou autres faveurs de cette nature, qui pourraient être accordées dans les états des deux parties contractantes, sur des marchandises importées ou exportées par des navires nationaux, seront aussi, et de la même manière, accordées aux marchandises importées directement de l’un des deux pays sur ses navires dans l’autre, ou exportées de l’un des deux pays, par les navires de l’autre, vers quelque destination que ce soit. ARTICLE 11. Il est néanmoins dérogé aux dispositions qui précèdent pour l’importation du sel et des produits de la pêche nationale; les deux pays se réservant la faculté d’accorder aux importations de ces articles par pavillon national des privilèges spéciaux.

ARTICLE 12. Les hautes parties contractantes conviennent de considérer et de traiter comme navires Belges et comme navires des Etats-Unis, tous ceux qui étant pourvus par l’autorité compétente d’un passeport, d’un lettre de mer ou de tout autre document suffisant, seront, d’après les lois existantes, reconnus comme nationaux dans le pays auquel ils appartiennent respectivement. ARTICLE 13. Les navires Belges et ceux des Etats-Unis pourront, conformément aux loix des deux pays, conserver à leur hord, dans les ports de l’un et de l’autre état, les parties de cargaison qui seraient destinées pour un pays étranger; et ces parties, pendant leur séjour à bord, ou lors de leur reexportation, ne seront astreintes à aucuns droits quelconques, autres que ceux de surveillance.

ARTICLE 14. Pendant le temps fixé par les loix des deux pays respectivement pour l’entreposage des marchandises, il ne sera perçu aucuns droits autres que ceux de garde et d’emmagasinage sur les objets importés de l’un des pays dans l’autre en attendant leur transit, leur réexportation ou leur mise en consommation. Ces objets, dans aucun cas, ne paieront de plus forts droits d’entrepôt et ne seront assujettis à d’autres formalités que s’ils avaient été importés par pavillon national.

ARTICLE 15. En tout ce qui concerne les droits de douane et de navigation, les deux hautes parties contractantes se promettent réciproquement de n’accorder aucune faveur, privilège, ou immunité à un autre état, qui ne soit aussi et à l’instant étendu à leurs sujets ou citoyens respectifs, gratuitement si la concession en faveur de l’autre état est gratuite, et en donnant la même compensation ou l’équivalent si la concession est conditionelle. Ni l’un ni l’autre des parties contractantes n’imposera sur les marchandises provenant du sol ou de l’industrie de l’autre partie, qui seront importées dans ses ports, d’autre ni de plus forts droits d’importation ou de réexportation, que ceux qui seront imposés sur l’importation ou la réexportation de marchandises similaires provenant de tout autre pays étranger.

ARTICLE 16. En cas de naufrage, de dommage en mer, ou de relâche forcée, chacque partie accordera aux navires, soit de l’état ou des particuliers 612 state or to individuals, the same assistance and protection, and the same immunities, which would have been granted to its own vessels in similar cases. ARTICLE XVII. Consuls and vice-consuls.It is moreover agreed between the two contracting parties, that the consuls and vice-consuls of the United States in the ports of Belgium, and, reciprocally, the consuls and vice-consuls of Belgium in the ports of the United States, shall continue to enjoy all the privileges, protection, and assistance, usually granted to them, and which may be necessaryConsuls of either country may cause to be arrested and sent back deserters from the vessels of their nation. for the proper discharge of their functions.

The said consuls and vice-consuls may cause to be arrested and sent back, either to their vessels or to their country, such seamen as may have deserted from the vessels of their nation. To this end, they shall apply in writing to the competent local authorities, and they shall prove, by exhibition of the vessel’s crew list, or other document, or, if she shall have departed, by copy of said documents, duly certified by them, that the seamen whom Deserters on proof to be delivered up.they claim formed part of the said crew.

Upon such demand, thus supported, the delivery of the deserters shall not be refused. They shall moreover receive all aid and assistance in searching for, seizing, and arresting such deserters, who shall, upon the requisition and at the Deserters to be confined until sent back, &c.Certain seamen exempt from these provisions.expense of the consul or vice-consul, be confined and kept in the prisons of the country until he shall have found an opportunity for sending them home. If, however, such an opportunity should not occur within three months after the arrest, the deserters shall be set at liberty, and shall not again be arrested for the same cause.

It is, however, understood, that seamen of the country in which the desertion shall occur are excepted from these provisions, unless they be naturalized citizens or subjects of the other country. ARTICLE XVIII. No transit duties chargeable on articles from the U. S.Articles of all kinds, the transit of which is allowed in Belgium, coming from or going to the United States, shall be exempt from all transit duty in Belgium, when the transportation through the Belgian territory is effected on the railroads of the state.

ARTICLE XIX. This treaty to be in force for ten years, and until either nation shall have given notice of a desire to terminate it after ten years.The present treaty shall be in force during ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and until the expiration of twelve months after either of the high contracting parties shall have announced to the other its intention to terminate the operation thereof; each party reserving to itself the right of making such declaration to the other, at the end of the ten years above mentioned; and it is agreed, that after the expiration of the twelve months of prolongation accorded on both sides, this treaty and all its stipulations shall cease to be in force.

ARTICLE XX. To be ratified, and ratifications exchanged at Washington, within twelve months.This treaty shall be ratified and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington, within the term of six months after its date, or sooner, if possible; and the treaty shall be put in execution within the term of, twelve months. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty, in duplicate, and have affixed thereto their seals. Brussels, the tenth of November, eighteen hundred and forty-five.

THOS. G. CLEMSON, (l. s.) A. DECHAMPS, (l. s.) 613 de l’autre pays, la même assistance et protection et les mêmes immunités que celles qui seraient accordées à ses propres navires dans les même cas, ARTICLE 17. Il est, en outre, convenu entre les deux parties contractantes, que les consuls et vice consuls des Etats-Unis dans les ports de Belgique, et réciproquement les consuls et vice consuls de Belgique dans les ports des Etats-Unis, continueront à jouir de tous les privilèges et de toute la protection et assistance, qui leur sont ordinairement accordés et qui peuvent être nécessaires pour remplir convenablement leurs fonctions.

Les dits consuls et vice consuls pourront faire arrêter et renvoyer soit à bord, soit dans leur pays, les marins qui auraient desérté des bâtiments de leur nation. A cet effet, ils s’addresseront par écrit aux autorités locales compétentes et justifieront par l’exhibition du rôle d’équipage ou des registres du bâtiment, ou si le bâtiment était parti, par copie des dites pièces, dûment certifiée par eux, que les hommes qu’ils réclament faisaient partie du dit équipage. Sur cette demande ainsi justifiée, la remise ne pourra leur être refusée.

Il leur sera donné, de plus, toute aide et assistance pour la recherche, saise, et arrestation des dit déserteurs, qui seront mêmes détenus et gardés dans les prisons du pays, à la réquisition et aux frais du consul ou vice consul, jusqu’à ce qu’il ait trouvé une occasion de les renvoyer chez eux. Si pourtant cette occasion ne se présentait pas dans un délai de trois mois, à compter du jour de l’arrestation, les déserteurs seront mis en liberté et ne pourront plus arrêtés pour la même cause.

Il est entendu, néanmoins, que le marins du pays où la désertion aura lieu sont exceptés de la présente disposition, à moins qu’ils ne soient naturalisés sujets ou citoyens de l’autre pays. ARTICLE 18. Les objets de toute nature dont le transit est permis en Belgique, venant des Etats-Unis ou expédiés vers ce pays, seront exempts de tout droit de transit en Belgique lorsque le transport sur le territoire Belge se fera par les chemins de fer de l’état. ARTICLE 19. Le présent traité sera en vigueur pendant dix ans, à dater du jour de l’echange des ratifications, et au delà de ce terme, jusqu’à l’expiration de douze mois après que l’une des hautes parties contractantes aura annoncé à l’autre son intention d’en faire cesser les effets: chacune d’elles se réservant le droit de faire à l’autre une telle déclaration à l’expiration des dix ans susmentionnés; et il est convenu, qu’après les douze mois de prolongation accordés de part et d’autre, ce traité et toutes les stipulations qu’il renferme cesseront d’être obligatoires.

ARTICLE 20. Ce traité sera ratifié et les ratifications seront échangées à Washington, dans le terme de six mois après sa date, ou plutôt si faire se peut, et le traité sera mis à exécution dans le terme de douze mois. En foi de quoi, les plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé le présent traité par duplicata, et y ont apposé leur sceau, à Bruxelles, le dix Novembre, mil huit cent quarante-cinq. A. DECHAMPS, (l. s.) THOS. G. CLEMSON, (l. s.) July 16, 1782 Appendix 8 Stat. 614 APPENDIX.

CONTRACT July 16, 1782.Ratified, Jan. 22, 1783.*Between his most Christian majesty and the United States of America, entered into by the count de Vergennes and Mr. Franklin, the 16 th of July,* 1782, *and ratified by congress, the* 22*d day of January,* 1783. Motives for making a particular statement of the amount of pecuniary supplies furnished by France, &c.The king having been pleased to attend to the requests made to him in the name, and on behalf of the united provinces of North America, for assistance in the war and invasion under which they had for several years groaned; and his majesty, after entering into a treaty of amity and commerce with the said confederated provinces, on the 6th of February, 1778, having had the goodness to support them, not only with his forces by land and sea, but also with advances of money, as abundant as they were effectual, in the critical situation to which their affairs were reduced : it has been judged proper and necessary to state exactly the amount of those advances, the conditions on which the king made them, the periods at which the congress of the United States have engaged to repay them to his majesty’s royal treasury, and in fine, to state this matter in such a way as for the future to prevent all difficulties capable of interrupting the good harmony which his majesty is resolved to maintain and preserve between him and the said United States.

For executing so laudable a purpose, and with a view to strengthen the bands of amity and commerce which subsist between his majesty and the said United States; we, Charles Gravier de Vergennes, &c. counsellor of the king in all his councils, commander of his orders, minister and secretary of state, and of his commands and finances, vested with full powers of his majesty to us given for this purpose: and we, Benjamin Franklin, minister plenipotentiary of the United States of North America, in like manner vested with full powers of the congress of the said states for the present purpose; after duly communicating our respective powers, have agreed to the following articles:

Art. 1. Amount of different loans. It is agreed and certified, that the sums advanced by his majesty to the congress of the United States, under the title of a loan, in the years 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, and the present, 1782, amount to the sum of eighteen million of livres, money of France, according to the following twenty-one receipts of the abovementioned under written minister of congress, given in virtue of his full powers, to wit: Items of loans. 1, 28 February, 1778, 750,000 2, 19 May, ditto, 750,000 3, 3 August, ditto, 750,000 4, 1 November, ditto, 750,000 ——— 3,000,000 5, 10 June, 1779, 250,000 6, 16 September, ditto, 250,000 7, 4 October, ditto, 250,000 8, 21 December, ditto, 250,000 ——— 1,000,000 614 615 9, 29 February, 1780 750,000 10, 23 May, ditto, 750,000 11, 21 June, ditto, 750,000 12, 5 October, ditto, 750,000 13, 27 November, ditto, 1,000,000 ———— 4,000,000 14, 15 February, 1781, 750,000 15, 15 May, ditto, 750,000 16, 15 August, ditto, 750,000 17, 1 August, ditto, 1,000,000 18, 15 November, ditto, 750,000 ———— 4,000,000 19, 10 April, 1782, 1,500,000 20, 1 July, ditto, 1,500,000 21, 5 of the same month, 3,000,000 ———— 6,000,000 Amounting in the whole to 18 millions, viz 18,000,000 By which receipts the said minister has promised in the name of congress,Interest at five per cent. and in behalf of the thirteen United States, to cause to be paid and reimbursed to the royal treasury of his majesty, on the 1st of January, 1788, at the house of his grand banker at Paris, the said sum of eighteen millions money of France, with interest at five per cent, per annum.

Art. 2. Considering that the payment of so large a capital at the oneRepayment of the loans. stipulated period, the 1st of January, 1788, may greatly injure the finances of the congress of the United States, and it may perhaps be even impracticable on that footing, his majesty has been pleased for that reason to recede in that respect from the tenor of the receipts which the minister of congress has given for the eighteen million livres tournois, mentioned in the foregoing article, and has consented that the payment of the capital in ready money, at the royal treasury, be in twelve equal payments of 1,500,000 livres each, and in twelve years only, to commence from the third year after a peace.

Art. 3. Although the receipts of the minister of the congress of theAbatement of interest. United States specify, that the eighteen million of livres abovementioned, are to be paid at the royal treasury, with interest at five per cent, per annum, his majesty being willing to give the said United States a new proof of his affection and friendship, has been pleased to make a present of, and to forgive the whole arrears of interest to this day, and from thence to the date of the treaty of peace; a favor which the minister of the congress of the United States acknowledges to flow from the pure bounty of the king, and which he accepts in the name of the said United States with profound and lively acknowledgments.

Art. 4. The payment of the said eighteen millions of livres tournoisInterest to diminish in proportion to payments, &c. shall be in ready money at the royal treasury of his majesty at Paris, in twelve equal parts, and at the terms stipulated in the above second article. The interest of the said sum, at five per cent, per annum shall commence with the date of the treaty of peace, and shall be paid at every period of the partial payments of the capital, and shall diminish in proportion with the payments.

The congress of the said United States being left, however, at liberty to free themselves sooner from this obligation by anticipated payments, in case the state of their finances will admit. Art. 5. Although the loan of five millions of florins of Holland, agreed to by the states general of the United Provinces of the Nether- 616 Loan made by France in Holland, acknowledged to be for the use of U. S.lands, on the terms of the obligation passed on the 5th of November, 1781, between his majesty and the said states general, has been made in his majesty’s name, and guaranteed by him; it is nevertheless acknowledged by these presents, that the said loan was made in reality on account, and for the service, of the United States of North America, and that the capital, amounting, at a moderate valuation, to the sum of ten millions livres tournois, has been paid to the said United States, agreeably to a receipt for the payment of the said sum, given by the undersigned minister of congress, the seventh day of June last.

Art. 6. Engagement of the French king to repay said loan. By the convention of the said 5th of November, 1781, the king has been pleased to promise and engage to furnish and pay at the general counter of the states general of the Netherlands, the capital of the said loan, with the interest at four per cent, per annum, without any charge or deduction whatever to the lenders, so that the said capital shall be wholly repaid after the space of five years, the payments to be made in ten equal periods, the first of which to commence the sixth year from the date of the loan, and afterwards from year to year to the final payment of the said sum; but it is in like manner acknowledged by this act, that this engagement was entered into by the king, at the request of the undersigned minister of the United States, and on the promise by him made in the name of congress, and on behalf of the thirteen United States, to cause to be reimbursed and paid at the royal treasury of his majesty at Paris, the capital, interest, and cost of the said loan, according to the conditions and terms fixed by the said convention of the 5th of November, 1781.

Art. 7. Agreement to repay amount of the loan in Holland. It is accordingly agreed and settled, that the sum of ten million livres tournois, being, by a moderate computation, the principal of the loan of five millions of Holland florins abovementioned, shall be reimbursed, and paid in ready money at the royal treasury of his majesty at Paris, with the interest at four per cent, per annum, in ten equal payments, of one million each, and in ten terms, the first of which shall be on the 5th of November, 1787, the second, the 5th November, 1788, and so from year to year till the final payment of the said sum of ten millions, the interest lessening in proportion with the partial payments of the capital.

But in consequence of the king’s affection for the United States, his majesty has been pleased to charge himself with the expense of commissions and bank for the said loan, of which expenses his majesty has made a present to the United States, and this their undersigned minister accepts, with thanks, in the name of congress, as a new proof of his majesty’s generosity and friendship for the said United States. Art. 8. Interest on the loan in Holland for five years, to be paid by U.S. to France.

With regard to the interest of the said loan during the five years preceding the first term of payment of the capital, as the king has engaged to pay it at the general counter of the states general of the Netherlands, at the rate of four per cent, yearly, and every year, counting from the 5th of November, 1781, according to the convention of that day, the minister of congress acknowledges that the repayment of that is due to his majesty by the United States, and he engages in the name of the said United States, to cause payment thereof to be made, at the same time and at the same rate at the royal treasury of his majesty; the first year’s interest to be paid the 5th of November next, and so yearly, during the five years preceding the first term for the payment of the capital, fixed as above on the 5th of November, 1787.

The high contracting parties reciprocally bind themselves to the 617 faithful observance of this contract, the ratifications of which shall beRatifications to be exchanged in nine months. exchanged in the space of nine months from this day, or sooner, if possible. In testimony whereof, we, the said plenipotentiaries of his most Christian majesty, and of the thirteen United States of North America, in virtue of our respective powers, have signed these presents, and thereunto fixed the. seal of our arms.

Done at Versailles, the 16th day of July, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two. GRAVIER DE VERGENNES, [l. s.] B. FRANKLIN, [l. s.] Feb. 24, 1845 Treaty 8 Stat. 617 ADDITIONAL ARTICLE *To the Treaty with France, of November* 9, 1843.Feb. 24, 1845.Ratified May 5, 1845.Proclamation, July 24, 1845. The crime of robbery, defining the same to be the felonious and forcible taking from the person of another, of goods or money to any value, by violence, or putting him in fear ; and the crime of burglary, defining the same to be, breaking and entering by night into a mansion house of another, with intent to commit felony; and the corresponding crimes included under the French law in the words vol *qualifié crime*, not being embraced in the second article of the convention of extradition concluded between the United States of America and France, on the 9th of November, 1843,—it is agreed by the present article, between the high contracting parties, that persons charged with those crimes shall be respectively delivered up, in conformity with the first article of the said convention ; and the present article, when ratified by the parties, shall constitute a part of the said convention, and shall have the same force as if it had been originally inserted in the same.

In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present article, in duplicate, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Washington, this twenty-fourth of February, 1845. J. C. CALHOUN, [l. s.] Le crime de *robbery*, consistantThe crimes or robbery and burglary defined, and included in the provisions of this treaty. dans l’enlèvement forcé et criminel, effectué sur la personne d’autrui, d’argent, ou d’effets d’une valeur quelconque, à l’aide de violence ou d’intimidation; et le crime de *burglary*, consistant dans l’action de s’introduire nuitamment, et avec effraction ou escalade, dans l’habitation d’autrui, avec une intention criminelle; et les crimes correspondants prévus et punis par la loi française, sous la qualification de vols commis avec violence ou menaces, et de vols commis dans une maison habitée, avec les circonstances de la nuit et de l’escalade, ou de l’èfiraction, n’étant pas compris dans l’article 2 de la convention d’extradition conclue entre les Etats Unis d’Amérique, et la France, le 9 Novembre, 1843,—il est convenu,Ante, p. 583. par le présent article, entre les hautes parties contractantes, que les individus accusés de ces crimes seront respectivement livrés, conformément à l’article 1 er de la dite convention; et le présent article, lorsqu’il aura été ratifié par les parties, fera partie de la dite convention, et aura la même valeur que s’il y avait été originairement inscrit.

En foi de quoi, les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signe, en double, le présent article, et y ont apposé le sceau de leurs armes. Fait à Washington, le vingt quatre Février, 1845. A. PAGEOT, [l. s.]

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