Tap any paragraph to write a margin note. Your notes collect in the Desk below the text and file under cases with @. The side-by-side margin rail opens on a larger screen.

§
Marginalia
Code · STATUTES-AT-LARGE · Vol. 8 STAT. · Aug. 26, 1840 · Treaty

Treaty.

23,656 words·~108 min read·/statutes-at-large/vol-8/treaty-p560·

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

8 Stat. 560 TREATY WITH PORTUGAL. Aug. 26, 1840.Ratifications exchanged, April 23, 1841.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., April 24, 1841. In the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. The United States of America, and Her Most Faithful Majesty the Queen of Portugal and of the Algarves, equally animated with the desire of maintaining the relations of good understanding which have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective states; of extending, also, and consolidating the commercial intercourse between them; and convinced that this object cannot better be accomplished than by adopting the system of an entire freedom of navigation, and a perfect reciprocity based upon principles of equity equally beneficial to both countries; have, in consequence, agreed to enter into negotiations for the conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation: and they have appointed as their plenipotentiaries for that purpose, to wit: the President of the United States of America, Edward Kavanagh, their chargé d’affaires at the court of Her Most Faithful Majesty; and Her Most Faithful Majesty, the most illustrious and most excellent John Baptist de Almeida Garrett, first historiographer to her said Majesty, of her council, member of the Cortes, knight of the ancient and most noble order of the tower and sword, knight commander of the order of Christ, officer of the order of Leopold in Belgium, judge of the superior court of commerce, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Her Catholic Majesty; who, after having exchanged their respective full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following articles:
ARTICLE I. Reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation.There shall be, between the territories of the high contracting parties, a reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation. The citizens and subjects of their respective States shall, mutually, have liberty to enter the ports, places and rivers of the territories of each party, wherever Liberty of residence, &c. secured.foreign commerce is, or shall be, permitted. They shall be at liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts of said territories, in order to attend to their affairs; and they shall enjoy, to that effect, the same security and protection as natives of the country wherein they reside, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordinances there prevailing, and particularly to the regulations in force concerning commerce.
ARTICLE II. Vessels of either party, arriving in the ports of the other, put on the footing of national vessels.Vessels of the United States of America arriving, either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal; and, reciprocally, Portuguese vessels arriving, either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the United States of America, shall be treated, on their entrance, during their stay, and at their departure, upon the same footing as national vessels, coming from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage, light-house duties, pilotage, port charges, as well to the fees and perquisites of public officers, and all other duties and charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied upon vessels of commerce, in the name or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any public, or private establishment, whatsoever.
ARTICLE III. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation, into the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, of any article, the growth, 560 TRACTADO COM PORTUGAL. En Nome da Santissima e Indivisel Trindade. Os Estados Unidos da America, e sua Magestade Fidelissima, a Raynha de Portugal e dos Algarves, igualmente animados do desejo de manter as relaçóes de boa intelligencia, que até aqui tem felizmente subsistido entre sens respectivos Estados; e de estender outro sim, e consolidar as relaçóes commerciaes entre elles; e convencidos de que este objecto se uao póde melhor conseguir do que pela adopçao de um systema de inteira liberdade de navegaçáo e perfeita reciprocidade fundada nos principios de equidade igualmente bénéfices para arnbos os payes; assentarao, em consequencia, de entrar em negociaçóes para a conclusao de um tractado de commercio e navegaçao; para cujo fim nomearáo para seus plenipotenciarios, a saber: o Présidente dos Estados Unidos da America, ao Senbor Edward Kavanagh, encarregado de négocies dos mesmos Estados n’esta córte; e sua Magestade a Raynha de Portugal, ao illustrissime e excellentissimo Joao Baptista de Almeida Garrett, seu chronista mór, e do seu concelho, deputado da naçao Portugueza, cavalleiro da antiga e muito nobre ordem da torre e espada do valor, lealdade, e merito, commendador da ordem de Christo, official da de Leopoldo na Belgica, juiz do tribunal superior de commercio, enviado extraordinario e ministre plenipotenciario juncto a sua Magestade Cathoiica; os quaes, depois de terem communicado, um ao outro, os seus respectivos plenos poderes, que se acharam em boa e dévida forma, ajustaram e concluiram os artigos seguintes:
ARTIGO I. Haverá, entre os territorios das altas partes contractantes, reciproca liberdade de commercio de navegaçito. Os cidadá os e subditos dos seus respectivos estados poderao, mutua e livremente, entrar nos portos, logares, e rios dos territorios de cada uma das dittas partes contractantes, aonde quer que o commercio estrangeiro é, ou vier a ser, permittido. Teráo igualmente liberdade de pousar e residir em qualquer parte dos dittos territorios, afim de tractar de seus negocios; e gozarao, para esse fim, a mesma segurança e proteeçao que os naturaes do paiz onde residem, sob condiçáo de se sujeitarem as leis e ordens do governo que ahi regerem, especialmente aos regulamentos commerciaes em vigor.
ARTIGO II. Os navios dos Estados Unidos da America que aportarem, carrcgados ou em lastro, aos portos do reino e possessóes de Portugal; e, reciprocamente, os navios Portuguezes, que aportarem, carregados ou em lastro, nos portos dos Estados Unidos da America, serao tractados, á entrada, durante a sua estada no porto, e a sahida d’elle, do mesmo modo que os navios nacionaes vindos de iguaes procedencias, em relaçao aos direitos de tonelagem, de faróes, pilotagem, e ancoradouro, e bem assim quanto aos emoiumentos e propinas das auctoridades publicas, ou quaesquer outros encargos e direitos, de qualquer natureza ou denominaçao que sejáo, e que costumam levar-se aos navios de commercio, ou seja por conta do Governo, das auctoridades locaes, ou de qualquer outro estabelecimento publico ou particular.
ARTIGO III. Nao se imporáo outros nem maiores direitos, na importaçao, em o reino de Portugal e suas possessóes, de nenhum genero de producto 561 562 TREATY WITH PORTUGAL. 1840. No other or higher duties to be imposed on importations, &c.produce or manufacture of the United States of America; and no higher or other duties shall bet imposed on the importation, into the United States of America, of any article, the growth, produce or manufacture of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, than such as are, or shall be, payable on the like article, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country.
All prohibitions to be general.Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation or exportation of any article, the growth, produce or manufacture of the United States of America, or of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, to or from, the ports of the said kingdom and possessions of Portugal, or of the said States, which shall not equally extend to all other foreign nations. No other or higher duties to be imposed on exportations, &c.Nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed, in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States of America, or to the kingdom of Portugal, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country.
Proviso.Provided, however, that nothing contained in this article shall be understood, or intended, to interfere with the stipulation entered into by the United States of America, for a special equivalent, in regard to French wines, in the convention made by the said States and France, on the fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one; which stipulation will expire, and cease to have effect, in the month of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
ARTICLE IV. Same duties on importations, &c. in vessels of either party.The same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties, deductions, or privileges allowed, on the importation, into the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States of America, whether such importation shall be in vessels of the said States, or in Portuguese vessels; and, reciprocally, the same duties shall be paid, and the same bounties, deductions, or privileges allowed, on the importation, into the United States of America, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, whether such importation shall be in Portuguese vessels, or in vessels of the said States.
ARTICLE V. Favors granted by either party to other nations, to become common.It is agreed by the high coutracting parties, that, whenever there may be lawfully imported into all or any of the ports of the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, in vessels of any foreign country, articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of a country other than that to which the importing vessels shall belong, the same privilege shall immediately become common to vessels of the United States of America, with all the same rights and favors as may, in that respect, be granted to the most favored nation.
And, reciprocally, in consideration thereof, Portuguese vessels shall, thereafter, enjoy, in the same respect, privileges, rights, and favors, to a correspondent extent, in the ports of the United States of America. ARTICLE VI. No higher or other duties on exportations, &c. than are paid by national vessels.All kinds of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully exported or re-exported from the ports of either of the high contracting parties to any foreign country, in national vessels, may also be exported or re-exported therefrom in vessels of the other party, respectively, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce were exported or re-exported in national vessels. 563 natural ou de manufactura dos Estados Unidos da America; nem outros ou maiores direitos serao impostos na importaçao, em os Estados Unidos da America, de genero algum de producçao natural ou de manufactura do reino de Portugal e suas possessóes, alem daquelles que pagao, ou vierem a pagar, iguaes generos de producçáo natural ou de manufactura de qualquer outro paiz estrangeiro.
Nem se estabelecerii prohibiçáo alguma na importaçao ou exportaçao de qualquer genero de producçáo natural ou manufactura dos Estados Unidos da America, ou do reino de Portugal e suas possessóes, respectivamente, em algum d’elles, que do mesmo modo se nao estabeleça igualmente para todas as outras naçoes estrangeiras. Nem se estabelecerao outros ou maiores direitos ou encargos, em qualquer dos dous paizes, sobre a exportaçao de quaesquer generos para os Estados Unidos da America, ou para o reino de Portugal, respectivamente, alem dos que se pagáo pela exportaçao de iguaes generos para outro paiz estrangeiro.
Intendendose, todavia, que nada do que neste artigo se contem poderá prejudicar a estipulaçáo admittida pelos Estados Unidos da America, por um equivalente especial, a respeito dos vinhos Francezes, na convençao, celebrada entre os dittos Estados e a França, em quatro de Julho do anno do nascimento de nosso Senhor Jesu Christo de mil oitocentos e trinta e um; a quai estipulaçáo hade terminar e deixar de ter effeito, no mez de Fevereiro, do anno do nascimento de nosso Senhor Jesu Christo de mil oitocentos e quarenta e dous.
ARTIGO IV. Pagar-se-hao os mesmos direitos, e serao concedidos os mesmos favores, deducçóes, ou privilegios pela importaçao, em o reino e possessóes de Portugal, de qualquer genero de producçáo natural ou manufactura dos Estados Unidos da America, quer a ditta importaçao se faça em navios dos dittos Estados, ou em navios Portuguezes: e, reciprocamente, se pagaráo os mesmos direitos, e serao concedidos os mesmos favores, deducçóes, e privilegies pela importaçao, em os Estados Unidos da America, de qualquer genero de producçáo natural ou manufactura de Portugal e suas possessóes, quer a ditta importaçao seja feita em navios Portuguezes, ou em navios dos dittos Estados.
ARTIGO V. Convieráo as altas partes contractantes, que se, em algum tempo, for permit tido o importar em todos ou alguns dos portos o reino e possessóes de Portugal, em navios de qualquer naçao estrangeira, alguns generos de producçáo natural ou manufactura de outro paiz que náo seja aquelle á que os dittos navios pertencerem, o mesmo favor sera immediatamente extensivo aos navios dos Estados Unidos da America, corn os mesmos direitos e favores que, para esse fim, forem concedidos á naçao, mais favorecida.
Em consideraçao, do que, e reciprocamente, os navios Portuguezes gozarao, d’ahi em diante, e para o mesmo fim, privilegios, direitos, e favores, na mesma extençáo correspondente, nos portos dos Estados Unidos da America. ARTIGO VI. Toda a sorte de mercadorias e artigos de commercio que legal mente podem ser exportados ou re-exportados dos portos de uma das altas partes contractantes, para qualquer paiz estrangeiro, em navios nacionaes, poderáo igualmente ser exportados ou re-exportados dos dittos portos em os navios da outra parte, respectivamente, sem pagar outros ou maiores direitos ou encargos, de qualquer modo ou denominaçáo que sejam, do que se as dittas mercadorias ou artigos de commercio fossem exportados ou re-exportados em navios nacionaes. 564 Bounties, &c. the same, in vessels of either party.And the same bounties and drawbacks shall be allowed, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the one party or the other.
ARTICLE VII. Coasting trade excepted.It is expressly understood that nothing contained in this treaty shall be applicable to the coastwise navigation of either of the two countries, which each of the high contracting parties reserves exclusively to itself. ARTICLE VIII. Foregoing stipulations not applicable to certain ports.It is mutually understood that the foregoing stipulations do not apply to ports and territories, in the kingdom and possessions of Portugal, where foreign commerce and navigation are not admitted; and that the commerce and navigation of Portugal, directly to and from the United States of America and the said ports and territories, are also prohibited.
Said ports, &c. when opened to any foreign nation, to be open to U. S.But Her Most Faithful Majesty agrees that, as soon as the said ports and territories, or any of them, shall be opened to the commerce or navigation of any foreign nation, they shall, from that moment, be also opened to the commerce and navigation of the United States of America, with the same privileges, rights and favors as may be allowed to the most favored nation, gratuitously, if the concession was gratuitously made, or on allowing the same compensation, or an equivalent, if the concession was conditional.
ARTICLE IX. Protection to vessels seeking refuge, &c.Whenever the citizens or subjects of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in any of the rivers, bays, ports, or territories of the other, with their vessels, whether merchant, or of war, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favor, facility and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage, without obstacle or hindrance of any kind.
ARTICLE X. Each party to have consuls, &c. in each other’s portsThe two contracting parties shall have the liberty of having, each in the ports of the other, consuls, vice-consuls, agents, and commissaries of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers as those of the most favored nation. But, before any consul, vice-consul, agent, or commissary shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent.
Of consuls engaging in commerce.But, if any such consuls shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in the same place, in respect of their commercial transactions. In case of consuls violating the laws.And, it is hereby declared that, in case of offense against the laws, such consul, vice-consul, agent or commissary may either be punished according to law, or be sent back, the offended Government assigning, to the other, reasons for the same.
Consular archives to be inviolable.The archives and papers of the consulates shall be respected inviolably; and, under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere with them. Disputes between Americans, &c. to be decided by the consul, &c.The consuls, vice-consuls, and commercial agents, shall have the right, as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators, in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews, or 565 E conceder-ce-hāo, os mesmos favores e deducçōes de direitos, quer a exportaçao ou a re-exportaçāo seja feita em navios de uma ou da outra das dittas partes.
ARTIGO VII. Fica expressamente intendido que nenhuma das estipuiaçōes conthendas no presente tractado serā applicavel á navegaçao costeira, ou de cabotageni, de qualquer dos dous paizes, que cada uma das altas partes contractantes exclusivamente se reserva. ARTIGO VIII. Fica mutuamente entendido que as precedentes estipuiaçōes nāo sao applicaveis aos portos e territories no reino e possessōes de Portugal, em que nāo sao admittidos o commercio e navegaçao estrangeiros; e que o commercio e navegaçao de Portugal, directamente dos dittos portos para os Estados Unidos da America, e dos dittos Estados para os dittos portos e territories, sao igualmente prohibidos.
Mas sua Magestade Fidelissima consente em que, quando, em algum tempo, os dittos portos e territories, ou algum d’elles, vierem a ser abertos ao commercio ou navegaçao de qualquer naçao estrangeira, desde esse momenta figuem abertos ao commercio e navegaçao dos Estados Unidos da America, corn os mesmos privilegios, direitos, e favores, que fōrem concedidos ā naçāo mais favorecida; gratuitamente, se a concessao tiver sido gratuita, ou pela mesma compensaçao, ou um equivalente d’ella, se a concessao tiver sido condicional.
ARTIGO IX. Os cidadāos e subditos de qualquer das partes contractantes que fōrem obrigados a procurar refugio ou asito em algum dos rios, bahias, portos, ou territorios da outra, corn seus navios, ou sejao mercantes ou de guerra, por causa do temporal, perseguiçāo de piratas, ou inimigos, serao recebidos e tractados corn humanidade, dando-se-lhes todo o favor, facilidade, e protecçāo para reparar os seus navios, procurar mantimentos, e por-se em estado de continuāt a sua viagem, sem nenhum obstacuto ou molestaçao.
ARTIGO X. As duas partes contractantes terao a liberdade de nomear para os portos, uma da outra, consoles, vice-consules, agentes e commissaries os qnaes gozarao dos mesmos privilegios e poderes que os da naçao mais favorecida. Mas, antes que qualquer consul, vice-consul, agente, ou commissario possa funccionar como tal, será, na devida e usual forma, approvado e admittido peto Governo do paiz a que é mandado. Mas, se algum d’estes consules exercitar o commercio, ficarā sujeito ās mesmas leis e usos a que sao sujeitos os individuos particulares de sua naçao, nos mesmos logares, relativamente ās suas transacçōes commerciaes.
E aqui fica declarado, que no caso de offensa contra as leis, o ditto consul, vice-consul, agente, ou commissario poderā ser, ou punido conforme o direito, ou mandado, sabir, declarando o Govêrno offendido, ao outro, as rasōes do seu procedimento. Os archives e papeis dos consulados serao respeitados inviolavelmente; e por nenhum pretexta poderā qualquer magistrado embarga-los, ou, de outro modo, intervir a respeito d’elles. Os consules, vice-consules, e agentes commerciaes terao o direito, como taes, de exercer as funccōes de juizese arbitros, nas questōes que venhao a levantar se entre os mestres e companhas dos navios da naçao cujos interesses the sāo commettidos, sem intervençao das auctoridades locaes, excepto se o procedimento das dittas companhas e mestres per- 566 of the captains, should disturb the order or the tranquillity, or offend the laws, of the country; or the said consuls, vice-consuls, or commercial agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect, or supported.
Contending parties may resort to judicial authorities, &c.It is, however, understood that this species of judgment, or arbitration, shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authorities of their country. ARTICLE XI. Consuls, &c. may require the aid of the civil authorities to arrest deserters.How the demand shall be made.The said consuls, vice-consuls and commercial agents are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities, for the search, arrest, detention and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of their country.
For this purpose, they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges, and officers, and shall, in writing, demand the said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls, of the crews, or by any other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews; and, this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall be made, without delay. Deserters, when arrested, how to be disposed of.Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said consuls, vice-consuls, or commercial agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the request and cost of those who shall claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessels to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country, by a vessel of the same nation, or any other vessel whatsoever.
But, if not sent back within four months from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. However, if the deserter shall be found to have committed any crime or offense, the surrender may be delayed until the tribunal, before which his case shall be pending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect. ARTICLE XII. Power to dispose of personal goods, &c.The citizens and subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods, within the jurisdiction of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise; and their representatives shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato, and may take possession thereof, either by themselves, or by others acting for them, and dispose of the same, at will, paying to the profit of the respective Governments such dues only as the inhabitants of the country, wherein the said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases.
In case of real estate, time allowed to sell the same, &c.And where, on the death of any person holding real estate, within the territories of one of the high contracting parties, such real estate would, by the laws of the land, descend on a citizen or subject of the other party, who, by reason of alienage, may be incapable of holding it, he shall be allowed the time fixed by the laws of the country; and, in case the laws of the country actually in force may not have fixed any such time, he then shall be allowed a reasonable time to sell, or otherwise dispose of, such real estate, and to withdraw and export the proceeds without molestation, and without paying to the profit of the respective Governments any other dues than those to which the inhabitants of the country, wherein said real estate is situated, shall be subject to pay in like cases.
ARTICLE XIII. Favors in navigation, &c. to become common.If either party shall, hereafter, grant to any other nation any particular favor in navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other 567 turbar a ordem ou a tranquiilidade, ou offender as leis, dopaiz; ou tambem se os dittos consoles, vice-consules, ou agentes cotnmerciaes requererem o seu auxilio para haver de levar á effeito as suas decisōes. É, com tudo, entendido que esta especie de julgamento, ou arbitragem, de nenhum modo privant os litigantes do direito que teem a recorrer depois as auctoridades judiciaes do seu paiz.
ARTIGO XI. Os dittos consoles, vice-consules, e agentes commerciaes sao auctorisados a requerer o auxilio das auctoridades locaes, para a busca, prisao, detençāo, e custodia dos desertores dos navios de guerra e mercantes da sua naçāo. Para este fim, poderao dirigir se aos competentes tribunaes, juizes, e officines publicos, e pedirao, por escripto, os ditos desertores, provando pela exhibiçāo dos registos dos navios, matricula dos marinheiros, ou poz qualquer outro documente official, que taes individuos pertenciao á tripulaçao d’elles; e documentada assim a reclamaçāo, sera feita a entrera sem demora.
Os desertores apenas prezos seráo postos á disposiçao dos dittos consules, vice-consules, ou agentes commerciaes, e poderáo ser detidos nas cadeas publicas, a rōgo e á custa dos que os reclamarem, para haverem de ser detidos, atè se restituirem aos navios a que pertenciao, ou mandados para o seu paiz, por uin navio da mesma naçao, ou por qualquer outro. Se porem nao forem mandados para o seu paiz dentro de quatre mezes contados do dia da prisao serao postos em liberdade, e náo tornarao a ser presos pela mesma causa.
Mas, se vier a conhecer-se que o dezertor commetten algum crime ou offensa contra as leis do paiz, serti, demorada a entrega d’elle atè que o tribunal, a que o caso estiver affecto pronuncie sentença, e a sen te nç a se execute. ARTIGO XII. Os cidadāos e subditos de cada uma das altas partes contractantes poderam dispōr dos seus bens moveis que se acharem dentro da jurisdicçāo da outra, por testamento, doaçáo, ou por qualquer outro modo; e os seus representantes poderam succeder nos ditos bens particulares, por testamento, ou *ab intestato*, e poderam tomar posse d’elles por si ou por seus procuradores, e dispor livremente dos mesmos, pagando sōmente aus respectives Governos o que os habitantes do paiz, em que os dittos bens estiverem, forem obrigados a pagar em iguaes casos.
E se, por morte de algtima pessoa que possua, bens de raiz dentro do territorio de uma das altas partes contractantes, esses bens de raiz tiverem de passar, conforme as leis do paiz, a uni cidadao ou subdito da outra parte, e a ditta pessoa as nao poder possuir por sua qualidade de estrangeiro, sêr-lhe-ha dado o tempo marcado pelas leis do paiz; ou se estas o nao tiverem marcado sêr-lhe-ha dado o tempo rasoavel para vender, ou de qualquer outro modo dispōr dos dittos bens de raïz, e retirar ou exportar o seu producto sem gravame e sem ter de pagar para os respectivos Governos outro algum direito alem dos que, em iguaes casos sao impostos aos habitantes do païz aonde os dittos bens de raïz fōrem situados.
ARTIGO XIII. Se uma das partes contractantes vier a conceder a qualquer outra naçao qualquer favor particular em navegaçfto ou em commercio, o ditto favor sera immediatamente extensivo á outra parte; livremente se livre- 568 nation, or on yielding the same compensation, or an equivalent, *quam proximè*, where the grant is conditional. ARTICLE XIV. Ths following points agreed to.The United States of America and her Most Faithful Majesty, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties, by virtue of this treaty or general convention of reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points: 1st.
Duration of the treaty.The present treaty shall be in force for six years from the date hereof, and further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other, of its intention to terminate the same: each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at any time after the expiration of the said term of six years; and it is hereby agreed between them that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either from the other party, this treaty shall altogether cease and terminate. 2d.
Citizens personally responsible for violations of this treaty.If any one or more of the citizens or subjects of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this treaty, such citizen or subject shall be held personally responsible for the same; and the harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3d. Reprisals not to be authorized, nor war declared, until, &c.If, (which, indeed, cannot be expected,) unfortunately, any of the articles contained in the present treaty shall be violated or infringed, in any way whatever, it is expressly stipulated, that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorise any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages, until the said party, considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proof, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. 4th.
Ratifications to oe exchanged within eight months.The present treaty shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, and by Her Most Faithful Majesty, with the previous consent of the General Cortes of the nation, and the ratifications shall be exchanged, in the City of Washington, within eight months from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms.
Done in triplicate, in the city of Lisbon, the twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty. EDWARD KAVANAGH, (l s.) 569 mente for concedido, ou pela mesma compensaçāo, ou por outra equivalente, *quam proximè*, se a concessao fôr condicional. ARTIGO XIV. Os Estados Unidos da America e su a Magestade Fidelissima, desejando fazer tarn duraveis quanto as circumstancias o permittāo, as relaçōes que vao estabelecer-se entre as duas partes, em virtude deste tractado ou gérai convençao de reciproca liberdade de commercio e navegaçao, declarao solemnemente e conseutem nos seguintes pontos: 1°. Ó presente tractado durara e estarā em plena força e vigor por espaço de seis annos contados da data d’este, e por um anno mais depois que uma das partes contractantes tiver intimado ā outra a sua intençāo de terminar o mesmo; reservando se cada uma das partes contractantes o direito de fazer essa intimaçao em qualquer tempo depois de ter expirado o referido terme de seis annos: e do mesmo modo fica ajustado entre ellas, que, um anno depois de ser recebida por uma d’ellas, da outra parte, a ditta intimaçao, esse tractado cessarā e terminar ā inteiramente. 2°.
Se um ou mais cidadaos ou subditos de uma das partes contrac-tantes infringir qualquer dos artigos d’este tractado, será o mesmo cidadao ou subdito pessoalmente responsavel por aquella infracçāo; e a boa harmonia e correspondencia entre as duas naçoes nao será por isso interrompido; obrigando-se cada uma das dittas partes a nao protéger de nenhum modo o offensor, e a nao sanccionar tal violaçao. 3°. Se, (o que nāo é de esperar,) infelizmente algum ou algums dos artigos, no présente tractado conthendos, vier a ser por qualquer modo violado ou infringido, expressamente se estipula que nenhuma das partes contractantes poderā ordenar ou auctorizar nenhum acto de represaha, nem declarar guerra ā outra, por agravos de injurias ou damnos, até que a ditta parte, que offendida se considéra, tenha primeiro appresentado ā , outra uma exposiçāo das dittas injurias ou damnos provados por competentes documentos, e pedido justiça e satisfacçāo, que ou Ihe tinha sido recusada, ou desarresoadamente demorada. 4°.
O présente tractado será approvado e ratificado peto Présidente dos Estados Unidos da America, por e corn annuencia e con senti mento do Senado dos dittos Estados, e por sua Magestade Fidelissima, corn previo consentimento das Cortes Geraes da naçāo, e as ratificaçōes serāo trocadas na cidade de Washington, no prazo de outo meses contados da data da assignatura, ou antes se possivel fōr. Em testemunho do que, os respectivos plenipotentiaries o assignaram, e the appozerāo o sêllo de suas armas.
Feito em triplicado, na cidade de Lisboa, aos vinte-e-seis dias de Agosto do anno do nascimento de nosso Senhor Jesu Christo de mil outocentos e quarenta. JOAO BAPTISTA DE ALMEIDA GARRETT, (l. s.) March 17, 1841 Treaty 8 Stat. 570 CONVENTION WITH PERU. March 17, 1841.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., Feb. 21, 1844.Commissioners appointed. The United States of America and the Republic of Peru, desirous of consolidating permanently, the good understanding and friendship now happily existing between the parties, have resolved to arrange and terminate their differences and pretensions, by means of a Convention that shall determine exactly, the responsibilities of Peru, with respect to the claims of certain citizens of the United States against her:
And with this intention, the President of the United States has appointed James C, Pickett, Chargé d’Affaires of said States, near Peru, and his excellency the President of the Republic of Peru, has appointed Don Manuel del Rio, principal officer of the Department of Finance, acting minister of the same Department and supernumerary Councillor of State; and both Commissioners, after having exchanged their powers, have agreed upon and signed the following articles: ARTICLE I. Peru to pay U.
S. $300,000.The Peruvian Government, in order to make full satisfaction for various claims of citizens of the United States, on account of seizures, captures, detentions, sequestrations and confiscations of their vessels, or for the damage and destruction of them, of their cargoes, or other property, at sea, and in the ports and territories of Peru, by order of said Government of Peru, or under its authority, has stipulated, to pay to the United States, the sum of three hundred thousand dollars, which shall be distributed among the claimants, in the manner and according to the rules that shall be prescribed by the Government of the United States.
ARTICLE II. To be paid in ten annual instalments.The sum of three hundred thousand dollars, which the Government of Peru has agreed to pay, in the preceding article, shall be paid at Lima, in ten equal annual instalments of thirty thousand dollars each, to the person or persons that may be appointed by the United States, to receive it. The first instalment shall be paid on the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-four, and an instalment on the first day of each succeeding January, until the whole sum of three hundred thousand dollars shall be paid.
ARTICLE III. Interest nt the rale of four per centum.The Peruvian Government agrees also, to pay interest on the before mentioned sum of three hundred thousand dollars, at the rate of four per centum per annum, to be computed from the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and forty-two, and the interest accruing on each instalment, shall be paid with the instalment. That is to say; interest shall be paid on each annual instalment, from the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
ARTICLE IV. To be paid in hard dollars.All the annual payments made on account of the three hundred thousand dollars, shall be paid in hard dollars of the same standard and570CONVENTION WITH PERU. 1841. 571 value as those now coined at the mint in Lima, and the annual payments, as well as the accruing interest, may be exported from Peru, free of all duty whatever. ARTICLE V. There shall not be demanded of the Government of Peru, any otherNo further demand for claims presented by S.
Larned. payment or indemnification, on account of any claim of the citizens of the United States, that was presented to it by Samuel Larned esquire, when Chargé d’Affaires of the United States, near Peru. But the claims subsequent to those presented by Mr. Larned to the Government of Peru, shall be examined and acted upon hereafter. ARTICLE VI. It is further agreed, that the Peruvian Government shall have theOptional with Peru to pay with orders on custom-house at Callao. option of paying each annual instalment, when it is due, with orders on the custom-house at Callao, which shall be endorsable in sums of any amount, and receivable in the Treasury, as cash, in payment of duties on importations of all kinds; and the orders shall be given in such a manner as, that in case similar orders shall be at a discount in the market, the full value of each annual payment shall be secured and made good to the United States, as though it had been paid in cash, at the time of its falling due; and any loss occasioned by discount, or delay in the collection, shall be borne and made good by the Peruvian Government.
ARTICLE VII. This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting parties, and theTo be ratified in two years. ratifications shall be exchanged within two years from its date, or sooner, if possible, after having been approved by the President and Senate of the United States, and by the Congress of Peru. In witness whereof, the respective Commissioners have signed the same, and affixed thereto their seals. Done in triplicate at the city of Lima, this seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
J. C. PICKETT, (l. s.) MANUEL DEL RIO, (l. s.) August 9, 1842 Treaty 8 Stat. 572 A TREATY *To settle and define the boundaries between the territories of the United States and the possessions of Her Britannic Majesty in North America.; for the final suppression of the African slave trade; and for the giving up of criminals, fugitive from justice, in certain cases.*. Aug. 9, 1842.Ratified Aug. 22, 1842. Whereas certain portions of the line of boundary between the United Preamble.States of America and the British dominions in North America, described in the second article of the treaty of peace of 1783, have not yet been ascertained and determined, notwithstanding the repeated attempts which have been heretofore made for that purpose: and whereas it is now thought to be for the interest of both parties, that, avoiding further discussion of their respective rights, arising in this respect under the said treaty, they should agree on a conventional line in said portions of the said boundary, such as may be convenient to both parties, with such equivalents and compensations as are deemed just and reasonable and whereas, by the treaty concluded at Ghent on the 24th day of December, 1814, between the United States and His Britannic Majesty, an article was agreed to and inserted of the following tenor, viz:
“Art. 10. Whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconcilable with the principles of humanity and justice: and whereas both His Majesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to promote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the contracting parties shall use their best endeavors to accomplish so desirable an object:” and whereas, notwithstanding the laws which have at various times been passed by the two Governments, and the efforts made to suppress it, that criminal traffic is still prosecuted and carried on: and whereas the United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland are determined that, so far as may be in their power, it shall be effectually abolished: and whereas it is found expedient, for the better administration of justice and the prevention of crime within the territories and jurisdiction of the two parties, respectively, that persons committing the crimes hereinafter enumerated, and being fugitives from justice, should, under certain circumstances, be reciprocally delivered up.
The United States of America and Her Britannic Majesty, having resolved to treat on these several subjects, have for that purpose appointed their respective plenipotentiaries to negotiate and conclude a treaty, that is to say, the President of the United States has, on his part, furnished with full powers Daniel Webster, Secretary of State of the United States, and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland has, on her part, ap-pointed the Right Honorable Alexander Lord Ashburton, a peer of the said United Kingdom, a member of Her Majesty’s most honorable Privy Council, and Her Majesty’s Minister Plenipotentiary on a special mission to the United States, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have agreed to and signed the following articles: 572 TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN. 1842. 573 ARTICLE I.
It is hereby agreed and declared that the line of boundary shall beBoundary line between U. S. and the British possessions. as follows: Beginning at the monument at the source of the river St. Croix as designated and agreed to by the commissioners under the fifth article of the treaty of 1794, between the Governments of the United States and Great Britain; thence, north, following the exploring line run and marked by the surveyors of the two Governments in the years 1817 and 1818, under the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, to its intersection with the river St.
John, and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence, up the middle of the main channel of the said river St. John, to the mouth of the river St. Francis; thence, up the middle of the channel of the said river St. Francis, and of the lakes through which it flows, to the outlet of the Lake Pohenagamook; thence, southwesterly, in a straight line, to a point on the northwest branch of the river St. John, which point shall be ten miles distant from the main branch of the St. John, in a straight line, and in the nearest direction—but if the said point shall be found to be less than seven miles from the nearest point of the summit or crest of the highlands that divide those rivers which empty themselves into the river St.
Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. John, then the said point shall be made to recede down the said northwest branch of the river St. John, to a point seven miles in a straight line from the said summit or crest; thence, in a straight line, in a course about south, eight degrees west, to the point where the parallel of latitude of 46°25′ north intersects the southwest branch of the St. John’s; thence, southerly, by the said branch, to the source thereof in the highlands at the Metjarmette portage; thence, down along the said highlands which divide the waters which empty themselves into the river St.
Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the head of Hall’s stream; thence, down the middle of said stream, till the line thus run intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins, previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the States of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British province of Canada on the other; and, from said point of intersection, west, along the said dividing line, as heretofore known and understood, to the Iroquois or St.
Lawrence river. ARTICLE II. It is moreover agreed, that, from the place where the joint commissionersDescription of the boundary line. terminated their labors under the sixth article of the treaty of Ghent, to wit: at a point in the Neebish channel, near Muddy Lake, the line shall run into and along the ship channel between St. Joseph and St. Tammany islands, to the division of the channel at or near the head of St. Joseph’s island; thence, turning eastwardly and northwardly around the lower end of St.
George’s or Sugar island, and following the middle of the channel which divides St. George’s from St. Joseph’s island; thence up the east Neebish channel, nearest to St. George’s island, through the middle of Lake George; thence, west of Jonas’ island, into St. Mary’s river, to a point in the middle of that river, about one mile above St. George’s or Sugar island, so as to appropriate and assign the said island to the United States; thence, adopting the line traced on the maps by the commissioners, through the river St.
Mary and Lake Superior, to a point north of Ile Royale, in said lake, one hundred yards to the north and east of He Chapeau, which last-mentioned island lies near the northeastern point of Ile Royale, where the line marked by the commissioners terminates; and from the last-mentioned point, southwesterly, through the middle of the sound between574 Ile Royale and the northwestern main land, to the mouth of Pigeon river, and. up the said river, to and through the north and south Fowl Lakes, to the lakes of the height of land between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods; thence, along the water communication to Lake Saisaginaga, and through that lake; thence, to and through Cypress Lake, Lac du Bois Blanc, Lac la Croix, Little Vermilion Lake, and Lake Namecan, and through the several smaller lakes, straits, or streams, connecting the lakes here mentioned, to that point in Lac la Pluie, or Rainy Lake, at the Chaudière Falls, from which the commissioners traced the line to the most northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods; thence, along the said line, to the said most northwestern point, being in latitude 49° 23′ 55″ north, and in longitude 95° 14′ 38″ west from the observatory at Greenwich; thence, according to existing treaties, due south to its intersection with the 49th parallel of north latitude, and along that parallel to the Rocky mountains.
It being understood that all the water communications and all the usual portages along the line fromJLake Superior to the Lake of the Woods, and also Grand portage, from the shore of Lake Superior to the Pigeon river, as now actually used, shall be free and open to the use of the citizens and subjects of both countries. ARTICLE III. Navigation of the river St. John to be free to both parties.In order to promote the interests and encourage the industry of all the inhabitants of the countries watered by the river St.
John and its tributaries, whether living within the State of Maine or the province of New Brunswick, it is agreed that, where, by the provisions of the present treaty, the river St. John is declared to be the line of boundary, the navigation of the said river shall be free and open to both parties, and shall in no way be obstructed by either; that all the produce of the forest, in logs, lumber, timber, boards, staves, or shingles, or of agriculture, not being manufactured, grown on any of those parts of the State of Maine watered by the river St.
John, or by its tributaries, of which fact reasonable evidence shall, if required, be produced, shall have free access into and through the said river and its said tributaries, having their source within the State of Maine, to and from the seaport at the mouth of the said river St. John’s, and to and round the falls of the said river, either by boats, rafts, or other conveyance; that when within the province of New Brunswick, the said produce shall be dealt with as if it were the produce of the said province; that, in like manner, the inhabitants of the territory of the upper St.
John, determined by this treaty to belong to Her Britannic Majesty, shall have free access to and through the river, for their produce, in those parts where the Proviso.said river runs wholly through the State of Maine: *Provided, always*, That this agreement shall give no right to either party to interfere with any regulations not inconsistent with the terms of this treaty which the Governments, respectively, of Maine or of New Brunswick may make respecting the navigation of the said river, where both banks thereof shall belong to the same party.
ARTICLE IV. Grants of land, &c. within the territory, confirmed to the persons in possession of such grants.All grants of land heretofore made by either party, within the limits of the territory which by this treaty falls within the dominions of the other party, shall be held valid, ratified, and confirmed to the persons in possession under such grants, to the same extent as if such territory had by this treaty fallen within the dominions of the party by whom such grants were made; and all equitable possessory claims, arising from a possession and improvement, of any lot or parcel of land, by the person actually in possession, or by those under whom such person claims, for more than six years before the date of this treaty, shall, in575 like manner, be deemed valid, and be confirmed and quieted by a release to the person entitled thereto, of the title to such lot or parcel of land, so described as best to include the improvements made thereon; and in all other respects the two contracting parties agree to deal upon the most liberal principles of equity with the settlers actually dwelling upon the territory falling to them, respectively, which has heretofore been in dispute between them.
ARTICLE V. Whereas, in the course of the controversy respecting the disputedDistribution of the “disputed territory fund.” territory on the Northeastern boundary, some moneys have been received by the authorities of Her Britannic Majesty’s province of New Brunswick, with the intention of preventing depredations on the forests of the said territory, which moneys were to be carried to a fund called the “disputed territory fund,” the proceeds. whereof, it was agreed, should be hereafter paid over to the parties interested, in the proportions to be determined by a final settlement of boundaries:
It is hereby agreed, that a correct account of all receipts and payments on the said fund shall be delivered to the Government of the United States, within six months after the ratification of this treaty; and the proportion of the amount due thereon to the States of Maine and Massachusetts, and any bonds or securities appertaining thereto, shall be paid and delivered over to the Government of the United States; and the Government of the United States agrees to receive for the use of, and pay over to, the States of Maine and Massachusetts, their respective portions of said fund; and further to pay and satisfy said States, respectively, for all claims for expenses incurred by them in protecting the said heretofore disputed territory, and making a survey thereof, in 1838; the Government of the United States agreeing, with the States of Maine and Massachusetts, to pay them the further sum of three hundred thousand dollars, in equal moieties, on account of their assent to the line of boundary described in this treaty, and in consideration of the conditions and equivalents received therefor, from the Government of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI. It is furthermore understood and agreed, that for the purpose of runningCommissioners to be appointed to mark the line between the St. Croix and St. Lawrence rivers. and tracing those parts of the line between the source of the St. Croix and the St. Lawrence river which will require to be run and ascertained, and for marking the residue of said line by proper monuments on the land, two commissioners shall be appointed, one by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and one by Her Britannic Majesty: and the said commissioners shall meet at Bangor, in the State of Maine, on the first day of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and shall proceed to mark the line above described, from the source of the St.
Croix to the river St. John; and shall trace, on proper maps, the dividing line along said river, and along the river St. Francis, to the outlet of the Lake Poheuagamook; and, from the outlet of the said lake, they shall ascertain, fix, and mark, by proper and durable monuments on the land, the line described in the first article of this treaty; and the said commissioners shall make to each of their respective Governments a joint report or declaration, under their hands and seals, designating such line of boundary, and shall accompany such report or declaration with maps, certified by them to be true maps of the new boundary.
ARTICLE VII. It is further agreed, that the channels in the river St. Lawrence, onCertain waters open to both parties. both sides of the Long Sault islands, and of Barnhart island; the channels in the river Detroit, on both sides of the island Bois Blanc, and576 between that island and both the American and Canadian shores; and all the several channels and passages between the various islands lying near the junction of the river St. Clair with the lake of that name, shall be equally free and open to the ships, vessels, and boats of both parties.
ARTICLE VIII. Mutual agreement for the suppression of the slave trade.The parties mutually stipulate that each shall prepare, equip, and maintain in service, on the coast of Africa, a sufficient and adequate squadron, or naval force of vessels, of suitable numbers and descriptions, to carry in all not less than eighty guns, to enforce, separately and respectively, the laws, rights, and obligations, of each of the two countries, for the suppression of the slave trade; the said squadrons to be independent of each other; but the two Governments stipulating, nevertheless, to give such orders to the officers commanding their respective forces as shall enable them most effectually to act in concert and co-operation, upon mutual consultation, as exigencies may arise, for the attainment of the true object of this article; copies of all such orders to be communicated by each Government to the other, respectively.
ARTICLE LX. Parties to unite in remonsirances with other powers within whose dominions a market is found for slaves.Whereas, notwithstanding all efforts which may be made on the coast of Africa for suppressing the slave trade, the facilities for carrying on that traffic, and avoiding the vigilance of cruisers, by the fraudulent use of flags and other means, are so great, and the temptations for pursuing it, while a market can be found for slaves, so strong, as that the desired result may be long delayed, unless all markets be shut against the purchase of African negroes; the parties to this treaty agree that they will unite in all becoming representations and remonstrances, with any and all Powers within whose dominions such markets are allowed to exist; and that they will urge upon all such Powers the propriety and duty of closing such markets effectually, at once and forever.
ARTICLE X. Criminals to be delivered up to either party, upon requisition, &c.It is agreed that the United States and Her Britannic Majesty shall, upon mutual requisitions by them, or their ministers, officers, or authorities, respectively made, deliver up to justice all persons who, being charged with the crime of murder, or assault with intent to commit murder, or piracy, or arson, or robbery, or forgery, or the utterance of forged paper, committed within the jurisdiction of either, shall seek an asylum, or shall be found, within the territories of the other: provided that this shall only be done upon such evidence of criminality as, according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime or offence had there been committed: and the respective judges and other magistrates of the two Governments shall have power, jurisdiction, and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the fugitive or person so charged, that he may be brought before such judges or other magistrates, respectively, to the end that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered; and if, on such hearing, the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the examining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the proper Executive authority, that a warrant may issue for the surrender of such fugitive.
The expense of such apprehension and delivery shall be borne and defrayed by the party who makes the requisition, and receives the fugitive. 577 ARTICLE XI. The eighth article of this treaty shall be in force for five years fromDuration of the treaty. the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and afterwards until one or the other party shall signify a wish to terminate it. The tenth article shall continue in force until one or the other of the parties shall signify its wish to terminate it, and no longer.
ARTICLE XII. The present treaty shall be duly ratified, and the mutual exchange ofRatifications to be exchanged within six months. ratifications shall take place in London, within six months from the date hereof, or earlier if possible. In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed this treaty, and have hereunto affixed our seals. Done, in duplicate, at Washington, the ninth day of August, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. DANL. WEBSTER, (l. s.
) ASHBURTON, (l. s.) Jan. 30, 1843 Convention 8 Stat. 578 CONVENTION Jan. 30, 1843.Ratifications exchanged, March 29, 1843.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., March 30, 1843.Preamble*Further to provide for the payment of awards in favor of claimants under the Convention between the United States and the Mexican Republic of the* 11*th April,* 1839. Whereas, by the Convention between the United States and the Mexican Republic, of the 11th April, 1839, it is stipulated that, if it should not be convenient to the Mexican Government to pay at once the sums found to be due to the claimants under that Convention—that Government shall be at liberty to issue Treasury notes in satisfaction of those sums; and whereas, the Government of Mexico [is] anxious to comply with the terms of said Convention, and to pay those awards in full, but finds it inconvenient either to pay them in money or to issue the said Treasury notes:
The President of the United States has, for the purpose of carrying into full effect the intentions of the said parties, conferred full powers on Waddy Thompson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister of the United States to the Mexican Government, and the President of the Mexican Republic has conferred full powers on their Excellencies, Jose Maria de Bocanegra, Minister of Foreign Relations, and Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza, Minister of Finance. And the said plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged their full powers, found to be in due form, have agreed to and concluded the following articles:
ARTICLE I. Mexico to pay all interest due on the 30th April 1843.On the 30th day of April, 1843, the Mexican Government shall pay all the interest which may then be due on the awards in favor of claimants under the Convention of the 11th of April, 1839, in gold or silver money, in the city of Mexico. ARTICLE II. Principal and interest to be paid in five years.The principal of the said awards and the interest accruing thereon, shall be paid in five years, in equal instalments every three months, the said term of five years to commence on the 30th day of April, 1843, aforesaid.
ARTICLE III. Payments to be made in the city of Mexico, in gold or silver.The payments aforesaid shall be made in the city of Mexico to such person as the United States may authorize to receive them, in gold or silver money. But no circulation, export, nor other duties shall be charged thereon—and the Mexican Government takes the risk, charges, and expenses of the transportation of the money to the city of Vera Cruz. ARTICLE IV. Mexico pledges the proceeds of direct taxes.The Mexican Government hereby solemnly pledges the proceeds of the direct taxes of the Mexican Republic for the payment of the instalments and interest aforesaid, but it is understood that whilst no other fund is thus specifically hypothecated, the Government of the United States, by accepting this pledge, does not incur any obligation to look for payment of those instalments and interest to that fund alone.
(*a*) For the convention between the United States and Mexico of April 11, 1839, see ante, page 526. 578 CONVENCION *Para mejor asegurár el pago de los fallos en favor de los reclamantes en virtud del convenio entre la República Mexicana y los Estados Unidos de* 11 *de Abril, de* 1839. Por cuanto por el convenio entre la República Mexicana y los Estados Unidos de 11 de Abril, de 1839, está estipulado que si no le fuere comodo al Gobierno Mexicano satisfacer al contado las cantidades que resultare deudor á virtud de esa Convencion, el mismo tendrá la facultad de emitir libranzas de Tesoreria en pago de esas cantidades, y por cuanto èl Gobierno de Mexico deseoso de cumplir con las condiciones de dicho convenio y á pagar estos fallos en su monto total se encuentra que no le conviene ó pagarlos en dinero ó emitir dichas libranzas:
El Presidente de la República Mexicana con objeto de llevar á pleno efecto las intenciones de ambas partes, ha conferido plenos poderes á los Escelentisimos Senores D. José Maria de Bocanegra, Ministro de Relaciones exteriores y Gobernacion, y Don Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza, Ministro de Hacienda; y el Presidente de los Estados Unidos al Honorable Senor Waddy Thompson, Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciaro de dichos Estados cerca del Gobierno de Mexico. Y dichos plenipotenciarios, despues de haber cambiado sus plenos poderes y encontradolos en debida forma, han convenido y concluido los articulos siguientes:
ARTICULO I. En el dia 30 de Abril, de 1843, el Gobierno Mexicano pagará todo el interes estuviere vencido sobre los fallos en favor de los reclamantes á virtud del convenio del 11 de Abril, de 1839, en moneda de oro ó en plata en la ciudad de Mexico. ARTICULO II. El principal de dichos fallos y el interes, que se vaya venciendo sobre ellos, se pagará en cinco años, en pagos iguales de cada tres meses, dicho termino de cinco anos comenzará el dia 30 de Abril, de 1843, como está dicho.
ARTICULO III. Los pagos arriba indicados se harán en la ciudad de Mexico á la tersona que los Estados Unidos autorizen á recibirlos en oro ó en plata. Pero no se pagará sobre estas cantidades derecho de circulacion, de exportacion ú otra clase que fuere sobre el mismo. Y el Gobierno Mexicano tomará sobre si el riesgo, cargos y gastos de transportacion lel dinero hasta la ciudad de Vera Cruz. ARTICULO IV. El Gobierno Mexicano por este articulo hypoteca solemnemente los productos de contribuciones directas de la República Mexicana para el pago de las cantidades señaladas, y su interes; pero se entiende que si bien no se hipoteca ningun otro fondo especialmente, no por esto el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos con aceptar esta hipoteca, contrae ninguna obligacion de limitarse para el pago de estos dividendos y su interes solamente á este fondo. 579 580 ARTICLE V.
Mexico to pay two and a half per centum on each payment to cover charges.As this new arrangement, which is entered into for the accommodation of Mexico, will involve additional charges of freight, commission, &c., the Government of Mexico hereby agrees to add two and a half per centum on each of the aforesaid payments on account of said charges. ARTICLE VI. New convention to be entered into for the settlement of all claims on Mexico.A new Convention shall be entered into for the settlement of all claims of the Government and citizens of the United States against the Republic of Mexico, which were not finally decided by the late commission which met in the city of Washington, and of all claims of the Government and citizens of Mexico against the United States.
ARTICLE VII. Ratifications, when to be exchanged.The ratifications of this Convention shall be exchanged at Washington within three months after the date thereof, provided it shall arrive at Washington before the adjournment of the present session of Congress—and if not, then within one month after the meeting of the next Congress of the United States. In faith whereof, we, the plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Mexican Republic, have signed and sealed these presents.
Done at the city of Mexico on the thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-three, and in the sixty-seventh year of the Independence of the United States of America, and in the twenty-third year of that of the Mexican Republic. WADDY THOMPSON, (l. s.) J. MA. DE BOCANEGRA, (l. s.) M. E. DE GOROSTIZA, (l. s.) 581 ARTICULO V. Como este nuevo arreglo que se adopta para la comodidad de Mexico, ha de occasionar cargos adicionales de fletes, comisiones, &c. &c., el Gobierno de Mexico se compromete por la presente á aumentar en un dos y medio por ciento, cada uno de dichos pagos á causa de los gastos arriba mencionados.
ARTICULO VI. Se celebrará una nueva Convencion para el arreglo de todas las reclamaciones del Gobierno y ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos contra la República Mexicana que no fueron decididas por la última comision que se reunió en la ciudad de Washington, y de todas las reclamaciones del Gobierno Mexicano y sus ciudadanos contra los Estados Unidos. ARTICULO VII. Esta Convencion se ratificará y las ratificaciones serán cangeadas en Washington dentro de tres meses contados desde su fecha, siempre que se reciba en Washington antes del termino de la actual sesion del Congreso, y en caso contrario, las ratificaciones serán cangeadas dentro de un mes despues de la reunion del procsimo Congreso de los Estados Unidos.
En fé de lo cual nosotros los plenipotenciarios de la República Mexicana y de los Estados Unidos de America, hemos firmado y sell ado el presente. Fecho en la ciudad de Mexico el dia treinta de Enero del año de mil ochocientos cuarenta y tres, vigesimo tercio de la Independencia de la Republica Mexicana y sexagesimo septimo de la de los Estados Unidos de America. J. MA. DE BOCANEGRA, (l. s.) M. E. DE GOROSTIZA, (l. s.) WADDY THOMPSON, (l. s.) Nov. 9, 1843 Convention 8 Stat. 580 CONVENTION FOR THE SURRENDER OF CRIMINALS, Nov. 9, 1843.Ratifications exchanged, April 12, 1844.Proclamation of the President of the United States, April 30, 1844.Preamble.*Between the United States of America and His Majesty the King of the French.* (*a*)(*a*) See notes of the treaties and conventions with France, ante, page 6.
The United States of America and his Majesty the King of the French having judged it expedient, with a view to the better administration of justice, and to the prevention of crime within their respective territories and jurisdictions, that persons charged with the crimes hereinafter enumerated, and being fugitives from justice, should, under certain circumstances, be reciprocally delivered up; the said United States of America and His Majesty the King of the French have named as their plenipotentiaries to conclude a convention for this purpose; that is to say, the President of the United States of America, Abel P.
Upshur, Secretary of State of the United States; and His Majesty the King of the French, the Sieur Pageot, officer of the Royal Order of the Legion of Honor, his Minister Plenipotentiary, ad interim, in the United States CONVENTION POUR L’EXTRADITION DE CRIMINELS, *Entre les Etats Unis d’Amérique et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français.* Les Etats Unis d’Amérique et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français, ayant jugé convenable, en vue d’une meilleure administration de la justice, et pour prévenir les crimes dans leurs territoires et jurisdictions respectifs, que les individus accusés des crimes ci-après énumeres, et qui se seraient soustraits par la fuite aux poursuites de la justice, fussent, dans certaines circonstances, réciproquement, extradés, les Etats Unis d’Amérique et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français ont nommé pour leurs plénipotentiaires, à l’effet de conclure dans ce but une convention, savoir: le President des Etats Unis d’Amérique Abel P.
Upshur, Secretaire d’Etat des Etats Unis, et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français le Sieur Pageot, officier de 1’Ordre Royal de la Légion d’Honneur, son ministre plénipotentiaire, par interim, auprès les Etats Unis d’Amérique; lesquels, après s’être 582 of America; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles : ARTICLE I. Persons accused of crimes to be given up to justice, upon requisitions, &c.It is agreed that the high contracting parties shall, on requisitions made in their name, through the medium of their respective diplomatic agents, deliver up to justice persons who, being accused of the crimes enumerated in the next following article, committed within the jurisdic tion of the requiring party, shall seek an asylum, or shall be found Proviso.within the territories of the other: *Provided,* That this shall be done only when the fact of the commission of the crime shall be so established as that the laws of the country in which the fugitive or the person so accused shall be found would justify his or her apprehension and commitment for trial, if the crime had been there committed.
ARTICLE II. Persons to be delivered up must be charged with certain specified crimes.Persons shall be so delivered up who shall be charged, according to the provisions of this convention, with any of the following crimes, to wit: murder, (comprehending the crimes designated in the French penal code by the terms, assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning,) or with an attempt to commit murder, or with rape, or with forgery, or with arson, or with embezzlement by public officers, when the same is punishable with infamous punishment.
ARTICLE III. Surrender, by whom to be made.On the part of the French Government, the surrender shall be made only by authority of the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice; and on the part of the Government of the United States, the surrender shall be made only by authority of the Executive thereof. ARTICLE IV. Expenses to be borne by the party making requisition.The expenses of any detention and delivery effected in virtue of the preceding provisions, shall be borne and defrayed by the Government in whose name the requisition shall have been made.
ARTICLE V. Not to apply to crimes heretofore committed, or political offences.The provisions of the present convention shall not be applied in any manner to the crimes enumerated in the second article, committed anterior to the date thereof, nor to any crime or offence of a purely political character. ARTICLE VI. To continue till abrogated.This convention shall continue in force until it shall be abrogated by the contracting parties, or one of them; but it shall not be abrogated except by mutual consent, unless the party desiring to abrogate it shall Ratifications to be exchanged within six months.give six months’ previous notice of his intention to do so.
It shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged within the space of six months, or earlier if possible. In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the present convention in duplicate, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms. Done at Washington, the ninth day of November, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and forty-three. A. P. UPSHUR, (l. s.) A. PAGEOT, (l. s.) 583 communiqué leurs pleins pouvoirs respectifs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrété et conclu les articles suivants:
ARTICLE I. Il est convenu que les hautes parties contractantes, sur les réquisitions faites en leur nom par l’intermédiaire de leurs agents diplomatiques respectifs, seront tenus de livrer en justice les individus qui, accusés des crimes énumérés dans l’article suivant, commis dans la jurisdiction de la partie requérante, chercheront un asile ou seront rencontrés dans les territoires de l’autre; pourvu que cela n’ait lieu que dans le cas où l’existence du crime sera constatée de telle manière que les lois du pays, ou le fugitif ou l’individu ainsi accusé sera rencontré, justifieraient sa détention et sa mise en jugement, si le crime y avait été commis.
ARTICLE II. Seront livrés, en vertue des dispositions de cette convention, les individus qui seront accusùs de l’un des crimes suivants, savoir: meurtre, (y compris les crimes qualifiùs dans le code penal Fran÷ais, d’assassinat, de parricide, d’infanticide, et d’empoisonnement,) ou tentative de meurtre, ou viol, ou faux, ou incendie, ou soustractions commises par les depositaires publics, mais seulement dans le cas où elles seront punies de peines infamantes. ARTICLE III. L’extradition ne sera effectuée de la part du Gouvernement Français, que sur 1’avis du Ministre de la Justice, Garde des Sceaux; et de la part du Gouvernment des Etats Unis, l’extradition ne sera effectuée que sur Fordre de 1’Exécutif des Etats Unis.
ARTICLE IV. Les frais de toute détention et extradition, opéreés en vertu des articles précédents, seront supportés et payés par le Gouvernement au nom duquel la réquisition aura été faite. ARTICLE V. Les dispositions de la présente convention ne s’appliqueront en aucune manierè aux crimes énumerés dans Particle 2, commis antérieurement à sa date, ni aux crimes ou debts purement politiques. ARTICLE VI. Cette convention continuera d’être en vigueur jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit abrogée par les parties contractantes, ou Pune d’elles; mais elle ne pourra être abrogée que d’un consentement mutuel, à moins que la partie qui désirerait Fabroger ne donne avis, six mois d’avance, de son intention de la faire.
Elle sera ratifiee, et les ratifications en seront échangées, dans Fespace de six mois, ou plustôt si faire se peut. En foi de quoi, les plenipotentiaires respectifs ont signé la présente convention en double, et y ont apposé le sceau de leurs armes. Fait à Washington, le neuvième jour de November, Pan de grace mil huit cent quarante-trois. A. PAGEOT, (l. s.) A. P. UPSHUR, (l. s.) March 6, 1844 Convention 8 Stat. 584 POSTAL CONVENTION March 6, 1844.Ratifications exchanged, Dec. 20, 1844.Proclamation of the President of the U.
S., Feb. 22, 1845.Preamble.*Between the United States of North America and the Republic of New Granada.* The Republics of the United States of North America, and of New Granada, being desirous of drawing more closely the relations existing between the two countries and of facilitating the prompt and regular transportation of the correspondence of the United States across the Isthmus of Panama, have agreed to conclude a Postal Convention—for which purpose, his Excellency the President of the United States named, as a Plenipotentiary, William M.
Blackford, their Chargé d’Affairs at Bogota, and his Excellency the President of New Granada, Joaquin Acosta, Colonel of Artillery and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs—who have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I. Transmission of the U. S. mail across the Isthmus of Panama.The packet vessels of war of the Republic of the United States will disembark at Chagres or Porto-bello, the sealed bag or packet, which may contain the letters and newspapers, destined to cross the Isthmus of Panamá, which said bag or packet shall be delivered to the Postmaster, of one or the other of these places, by whom it shall be forwarded to Panamá, for the consideration of thirty dollars for each trip—provided the weight of the bag or packet should not exceed one hundred pounds, and in the proportion of twelve dollars more for each succeeding hundred pounds, which sum shall be paid though the excess should not amount to one hundred pounds.
ARTICLE II. Postage on letters, &c. that do not cross the Isthmus.With respect to the letters and newspapers the said vessels may have on board, which shall not be intended to cross the Isthmus, but to be delivered at any point on the Atlantic coast of New Granada, the practice, established in conformity to the New Granadian rates of postage, shall be continued. ARTICLE III. Disposition of the mail upon its arrival in Panama.The Consul, or other Agent, of the United States at Panama, shall receive the bag, unopened, and, after delivering to the post office all the correspondence, except letters to himself, directed to Panama or other points of the Granadian Territory, (which correspondence shall be subjected to the usual rates of postage established in New Granada,) he shall retain the remainder to be forwarded to its destination as soon as an opportunity occurs.
ARTICLE IV. Transmission of the mail from Panama to Chagres or Portobello.The Post Office at Panama, will charge itself likewise with forwarding the mail bag or packet, which it may receive from the Consul or other agent of the United States, to the Post Office of Chagres or Porto-bello, at which place it shall be delivered to the Consul, or other agent, of the United States, or, in their default, to the commander of the vessel of war, calling for it, under the same conditions stipulated in the 1st article. 584 CONVENCION POSTAL *Entre la Republica de la Neuva Granada y los Estados Unidos del Norte-America.* Deseando las Republicas de la Nueva Granada y de los Estados Unidos del Norte America facilitar y estrechar mas las relaciones entre los dos pueblos, y la pronta y regular conduccion de las correspondencias de los Estados Unidos al travez del Istmo de Panamá, han convenido en celebrar una Convencion de correos; para lo cual su Escelencia el Presidente de la Nueva Granada nombró como Plenipotenciario al Coronel de Artilleria Joaquin Acosta, Secretario de Estado del Despacho de Relaciones Esteriores, y su Escelencia el Presidente de los Estados Unidos al Señor Guillermo M.
Blackford, su Encargado de Negocios en Bogotá, los que acordaron los articulos siguientes. ARTICULO I. Los buques de guerra correos de la República de los Estados Unidos desembarcarán en-Chagres ó en Porto-belo la balija ó paquete cerrado que contenga las correspondencias é impresos destinados á atravesar el Istmo de Panamá; la cual balija ó paquete sera á entregada al respective Administrador de correos y dirijida por el a Panamá, mediante la indemnizacion de treinta pesos fuertes por cada viaje, siempre que el peso de la balija ó paquete no excediere de cien libras, y en la proporcion de doce pesos fuertes mas por cada cien libras de exceso, que se pagaran aun cuando el exceso del peso no llegare a cien libras.
ARTICULO II. Respecto de la correspondencia é impresos que conduzcan los mencionados buques y que vengan destinados, no á atravezar el Istmo, sino a ser entregados en cualesquiera puntos de su litoral Atlantico, se continuará la practica establecida, conforme á la tarifa de correos de la Nueva Granada. ARTICULO III. El Cónsul ú otro Ajente de los Estados Unidos en Panamá recibirá la balija cerrada y, a excepcion de sus proprias cartas, entregará en la administracion de correos toda la correspondencia dirijida a Panamá ú otros puntos del territorio granadino (la cual pagará el porte de la tarifa de correos de la Nueva Granada,) reservandose la restante para remitirla á su destino cuando haya oportunidad.
ARTICULO IV. La administracion de correos de Panamá se encargará igualmente de enviar la balija ó paquete de correspondencia, que le entregueel Consul ú otro Agente de los Estados Unidos para ser conducida á la Administracion de correos de Chagres, ó Porto-belo de donde se derijirá al Consul ú otro Ajente de los Estados Unidos, ó si no lo hubiere á los respectiyos Comandantes de buques de guerra, que la demandaren, bajo las mismas condiciones estipulados en el Articulo I. 585 586 ARTICLE V.
Payment for the transmission of the mail.The Consul, or other agent, of the United States residing at Panama, shall be the person whose duty it is to pay for the carriage of the bag, across the Isthmus, as well when he receives it from the Post Office at Panama after it has crossed the Isthmus, as when he delivers it to the said Post Office to be sent to Chagres or Port-Bello. ARTICLE VI. Packets to carry letters and papers between the two countries without compensation.The said packet vessels which shall or may be established, will bring to the ports of New Granada at which they may touch—and will also take from them to those of the United States—all official and private letters and newspapers, without any compensation whatever—Granadian vessels will be subject to the same conditions if, at any time, it may be thought advisable to contribute with them to the establishment of a line of packets between the ports of the United States and those of New Granada.
ARTICLE VII. U. S. packets to carry letters, &c. from one port of N. Granada to another without charge.The packet vessels of war of the United States will also carry, free of charge, all the official or private letters and newspapers, which may be delivered to them, from one port of New Granada to another at which they may touch. ARTICLE VIII. Relative to the introduction of coals, should U. S. employ steamers.If the Government of the United States should think fit to employ steamers, as packets, between New Grenada and the said United States, the coals which may be brought for the use of such vessels shall then enjoy, in the Granadian ports, the same exemptions, as to introduction and deposite, which may have been granted in said ports to the coals destined for the steamers of any other power.
ARTICLE IX. Advantages arising from this convention, to be considered as compensation for the obligations.The Republics of the United States and New Granada, being desirous of avoiding all interpretations, contrary to their intentions, declare, that any advantage, or advantages, that one or the other power may enjoy, from the foregoing stipulations, are and ought to be understood in virtue and as in compensation of the obligations they have just contracted in the present postal convention.
ARTICLE X. When the convention shall go into effect.For the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of the present convention as soon as possible, the two high contracting parties have agreed, that said provisions shall begin to be enforced immediately after the Governor of the Province of Panama has official knowledge that the present convention has been ratified by the Government of New Granada, and that the Consul, or other agent, of the United States shall have communicated to him that it has been also ratified by the Government of that Republic.
ARTICLE XI. Duration of the convention.The present convention shall remain in force and vigor for the term of eight years, to be counted from the day on which the exchange of the ratifications may be made—which shall take place in Bogota, as soon as possible—and shall continue in the same force and vigor for another term of four years more; and so on, always for another term of four years more, until one of the two Governments shall give the other six months’ notice of its wish that the same shall terminate. 587 ARTICULO V.
El Consul ú otro Ajente de los Estados Unidos residente en Panamá, ser la persona encargada de satisfacer el porte que haya devengado la balija, tanto al recibirla de la administracion de correos de Panamá despues de que haya atravezado el Istmo, como al entregarsela para ser conducida a Chagres, ó Porto-belo. ARTICULO VI. Los mencionados buques correos que se establezcan, ó en adelante se establecieren, traerán á aquellos puertos de la Nueva Granada en que tocaren, y lievarán de estos á los de los Estados Unidos toda la correspondencia asi oficial, como particular, y los impresos sin percibir porte alguno.
A las mismas condiciones quedarán sujetos los buques granadinos, si alguna vez se juzgare oportuno contribuir con ellos al establecimiento de alguna linea de buques correos entre los puertos granadinos y los de los Estados Unidos. ARTICULO VII. Tambien lievaran gratuitamente los buques de guerra correos de los Estados Unidos toda la correspondencia oficial, ó particular, y los impresos que se les confiaren, de un puerto á otro de la Nueva Granada en que tocaren. ARTICULO VIII.
Si el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos tuviere por conveniente destinar al servicio de correos entre la Nueva Granada y dichos Estados algunos buques de vapor, los carbones que se traigan para el uso de tales buques, disfrutarán entonces en los puertos Granadinos las mismas excenciones, relativas a introduccion y deposito, que se hayan otorgado en los mencionados puertos a los carbones destinados para el uso de los buques de vapor de cualquiera otra potencia. ARTICULO IX. La Republica de la Nueva Granada y la de los Estados Unidos deseando evitar toda interpretacion contraria á sus intenciones, declaran que cualquier ventaja ó ventajas que la una ó la otra potencia reporten de las estipulaciones anteriores, son y deben entenderse en virtud y como compensacion de las obligaciones que acaban de contraer en la presente convencion postal.
ARTICULO X. Con el objeto de que las estipulaciones de la presente convencion se lleven a effecto lo mas pronto que sea posible, las dos altas partes contratantes han convenido en que dichas estipulaciones principiarán a cumplirse inmediatamente que el Gobernador de la provincia de Panamá sepa oficialmente la ratificacion de la presente convencion por parte del Gobierno de la Nueva Granada, y que el Consul ú otro Agente de los Estados Unidos le haya comunicado igual ratificacion prestada por el Gobierno de la ultima Republica.
ARTICULO XI. La presente Convencion permanecerá en fuerza y vigor por el termino de ocho años contados desde el dia del canje de sus ratificaciones, que se verificara. en Bogotá lo mas pronto que sea posible, y continuará con la misma fuerza y vigor por otro termino de cuatro años mas, y asi sucsesivamente siempre por un termino de otros cuatro años mas, hasta que uno de los dos Gobiernos notifique al otro, con anticipacion de seis meses, su voluntad de que termine la convencion. 588 In faith whereof the Plenipotentiaries of the two Republics have signed and sealed the present Convention in Bogota, on the sixth day of the month of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
WM. M. BLACKFORD, (l. s.) JOAQUIN ACOSTA, (l. s.) 589 En fé de lo cual los plenipotentiaries de las dos Republicas han firmado y sellado la presente Convention en Bogatá a los seis dias del mes de Marzo del año del Señor de mil oohooientos euarenta y cuatro. JOAQUIN ACOSTA, (l. s.) WM. M. BLACKFORD, (l. s.) April 10, 1844 Convention 8 Stat. 588 CONVENTION April 10, 1844.Ratifications exchanged, Oct. 3, 1844.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., Dec. 16, 1844.Preamble.*For the mutual abolition of the droit d’aubaine and taxes on emigration between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of Wurttemburg.* The United States of America and His Majesty the King of Wurttemburg having resolved, for the advantage of their respective citizens and subjects, to conclude a Convention for the mutual abolition of the droit d’aubaine and taxes on emigration, have named for this purpose their respective Plenipotentiaries, namely the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Henry Wheaton their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Royal Court of Prussia and His Majesty the King of Wurttemburg upon Baron de Maucler, his Captain of the Staff and Charge d’Affaires at the said court, who after having exchanged their said full powers, found in due and proper form, have agreed to & signed the following articles:
ARTICLE I. Droits d’aubaine, &c. abolished.Every kind of droit d’aubaine, droit de retraite, and droit de detraction or tax on emigration, is, hereby, and shall remain abolished, between the two contracting parties, their States, citizens, & subjects respectively. ARTICLE II. Heirs to real property allowed time to sell the same, &c.Where, on the death of any person holding real property within the territories of one party, such real property would, by the laws of the land, descend on a citizen or subject of the other were he not disqualified by alienage, such citizen or subject shall be allowed a term of two years to sell the same,—which term may be reasonably prolonged, according to circumstances,—and to withdraw the proceeds thereof, without molestation, & exempt from all duties of detraction.
ARTICLE III. Duties on disposal of personal property the same as paid by inhabitants.The citizens or subjects of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal property within the States of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise, and their heirs, legatees, and donees, being citizens or subjects of the other contracting party, shall succeed to their said personal property, and may take possession thereof, either by themselves, or by others acting for them, and dispose VERTRAG *Über die gegenseitige Aufhebung von Heimfalls (Fremdling} Reoht und Ausrvanderungs-Steueren zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika und Seiner Majestat dem Kdnig von Würtemburg.* Nachdem die Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika und Sein Majestát der König von Würtemberg besthlossen haben: zum Besten der beiderseitigen Staats-Angehörigen einen Vertrag über gegenseitige Aufhebung von Heimfalls (Fremdling) Reoht und Auswanderungs-Steueren abzusohliessen, so sind dazu von beiden seiten Bevollmägtigte ernannt worden, nämlith von Seiten des Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika, Herr Heinrith Wheaton Nord Amerikanischer ausserordentlioher Gesandter und bevollmaohtigter Minister am Königlich Preussisthen Hofe, und von Seiten Seiner Majestät des Königs von Würtemberg, Freiherr von Maucler Hauptman am Generalstabe und Geschäftstrager Seiner Majestät am Königlioh Preussisthen Hofe, welthe Bevollmaohtigte, nath vollzogener Auswechselung ihrer gegenseitig in reehtiger und gehöriger Form, beundenen Vollmaehten, naohstehende Artikel festgesetzt und unterzeiehnet haben.
ARTIKEL I. Jede art von Heimfalls (Fremdling) Reoht, Nachsteuer, und Abzugsrecht, oder Auswanderungs Steuer, ist und bleibt aufgehoben zwischen beiden abschliessenden Theilen, ihren beiderseitigen Staaten, und Staats-Angehörigen. ARTIKEL II. Wenn durch den Tod irgend eines besitzers von Immobilien oder Grund-eigenthum, welche sich auf dem Gebiete des einen der abschliessenden Theile befinden, diese Immobilien oder Grund-eigenthum nach den Gesetzen des Landes auf einen Staats-Angehörigen des anderen Theils, übergehen sollten, so wird diesem, wenn er durch seine Eigenschaft als Fremder zum Besitze derselben unfähig ist, ein Aufschub von zwei Jahren gewahrt-welcher Termin nach Umständen in angemessener Weise verlangert werden kann dieselbe zu verkaufen und um der Ertrag davon ohne Anstand, und frei von jeder Abzugs-Steuer zu beziehen.
ARTIKEL III. Den Staats-Angehörigen eines jeden der abschliessender Theile, soil in den Staaten der anderen, die Freiheit zustehen, über ihre beweglichen Giiter durch Testament, Schenkung oder auf andere Weise zu verfügen, und deren Erben ab-intestato oder Rechts-nachfolger, durch Testament oder Schenkung sollen wenn sie Staats-Angehörige des anderen der beiden abschliessenden Theile sind, ihnen in dem Besitze 590 of the same at their pleasure, paying such duties only as the inhabitants of the country where the said property lies, shall be liable to pay in like cases.
ARTICLE IV. Property of absent heirs to be taken care of.In case of the absence of the heirs, the same care shall be taken, provisionally, of such real or personal property, as would be taken in a like case of property belonging to the natives of the country until the lawful owner, or the person who has a right to sell the same according to Article 2, may take measures to receive or dispose of the inheritance. ARTICLE V. Disputes to be decided by the local laws.If any dispute should arise between different claimants to the same inheritance, they shall be decided, in the last resort, according to the laws, and by the judges of the country where the property is situated.
ARTICLE VI. Property not yet withdrawn embraced.All the stipulations of the present Convention shall be obligatory in respect to property already inherited or bequeathed, but not yet withdrawn from the country where the same is situated at the signature of this Convention. ARTICLE VII. Convention subject to ratification, &c.This Convention is concluded subject to the ratification of the President of the United States of America, by & with the advice and consent of their Senate, and of His Majesty the King of Wurttemburg, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at Berlin, within the term of twelve months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the above articles, as well in English as in German, and have thereto affixed their seals. Done in triplicata, in the city of Berlin, on the tenth day of April, one thousand eight hundred & forty-four, in the 68th year of the Independence of the United States of America, and the twentyeighth of the reign of His Majesty the King of Wurttemberg. HENRY WHEATON, (l. s.) 591 ihrer beweglichen Güter folgen, auch in Person sowohl als durch andern, welche an ihrer stelle handeln davon Besitz ergreifen und nach gut denken damit schalten können, ohne Andere Steuern zu bezahlen als solche, welchen die Einwohner des Landes, worin sich die genannten Güte befinden, bei gleichem Anlasse unterworfen sind.
ARTIKEL IV. Im Faile der abwesenbeit der Erben, wird man hinsichtlich der erwöhnten beweglichen oder unbeweglichen Güten provizorisch ganz dieselbe Sorgfalt amwenden, welche man bei gleichen Anlasse, hinsichtlich der Güter der eingebornen angewendet hatte, bis der gesetzmassige Eigenthümer oder derjenige welcher nach Art. 2, das Recht hat: dieselben zu verkaufen Anordnungen zu treffen, für gut linden wird: um die Erbschaft anzutreten oder daruber zu verfügen. ARTIKEL V. Wenn sich Streitigkeiten zwischen verschiedenen rechtlichen Anspruch auf die Erbschaft habenden Pratendentem erheben, so werden dieselben in letzter Instanz nachdem Gesetzen und von den Richtern des Landes anschieden werden, in welchen das Object der Erbschaft sich befindet.
ARTIKEL VI. Sammtliche in gegenwärtigem Vertrage, enthaltenen Bestimmungen, sollen auch im Ansehung solcher Vermögens Theile verbindliche Kraft haben welche zur Zeit der Unterzeichnung des gegenwärtigen Vertrags bereits angefallen, jedoch nach nicht wirklich exportirt sind. ARTIKEL VII. Gegenwärtiger Vertrag ist abgeschlossen worden vorbehaltlich der Ratification des Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika, nach und mit dem Rathe und der Einwilligung des nordamerikanischen Senats, und vorbehaltlich der Ratification Seiner Majestät des Königs von Würtemberg, und es soil die Auswechselung der Ratifications Urkünden innerhalb zwolf Monaten, vom Tage der Unterzeichnung des gegenwärtigen Vertrags angerechnet, oder früher wenn es moglich ist, zu Berlin stattfinden.
In Urkund dessen, haben die beiderseitigen Bevollmachtigten, oberstehende Artikel, sowohl in englischer als in deutscher Sprache jinterzeichnet, und ihre Siegel beigedruckt. Ausgestellt in drei Exemplaren, zu Berlin den zehnten April, Ein Tausend Acht Hundert Vier und Vierzig, im acht und sechszigsten Jahre der Unabhangigkeit der Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika, und im act und zwansigsten Jahre der Regierung Seiner Majestät des Königs von Würtemberg. FREIHERR VON MAUCLER, (l. s.
) July 3, 1844 Treaty 8 Stat. 592 July 3, 1844.Ratifications exchanged, Dec. 31, 1845.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., April 18, 1846.TREATY WITH CHINA. The United States of America and the Ta Tsing Empire, desiring to establish firm, lasting, and sincere friendship between the two nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear and positive, by means of a treaty or general convention of peace, amity, and commerce, the rules which shall in future be mutually observed in the intercourse of their respective countries :—For which most desirable object, the President of the United States has conferred full powers on their Commissioner Caleb Cushing, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to China; and the August Sovereign of the Ta Tsing Empire on his Minister and Commissioner Extraordinary Tsiyeng, of the Imperial House, a vice Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Governor-general of the Two Kwang, and Superintendant General of the trade and foreign intercourse of the five ports.
And the said Commissioners, after having exchanged their said full powers, and duly considered the premises, have agreed to the following articles: ARTICLE I. Peace and amity established between the U.S. and China.There shall be a perfect, permanent, universal peace, and a sincere and cordial amity, between the United States of America on the one part, and the Ta Tsing Empire on the other part, and between their people respectively, without exception of persons or places. ARTICLE II.
Citizens of the U. S. trading with China to pay the duties, &c.Citizens of the United States resorting to China for the purposes of commerce will pay the duties of import and export prescribed in the Tariff, which is fixed by and made a part of this Treaty. They shall, in no case, be subject to other or higher duties than are or shall be requiredFees, &c. wholly abolished.Modification of the tariff, how to be made. of the people of any other nation whatever. Fees and charges of every sort are wholly abolished, and officers of the revenue, who may be guilty of exaction, shall be punished according to the laws of China.
If the Chinese Government desire to modify, in any respect, the said Tariff, such modification shall be made only in consultation with consuls or Additional advantages, if hereafter extended to any other nation, &c.other functionaries thereto duly authorized in behalf of the United States, and with consent thereof. And if additional advantages or privileges of whatever description, be conceded hereafter by China to any other nation, the United States, and the citizens thereof, shall be entitled thereupon, to a complete, equal, and impartial participation in the same.
ARTICLE III. Ports which may be frequented by citizens of the U.S. who may reside there, &c.The citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the five ports of Kwang-chow, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo, and Shanghai, and to reside with their families and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandize to and from any foreign port and either of the said five ports, and from either of the said five ports to any Vessels of U.S. not to trade at any other port, &c.Penalty.other of them.
But said vessels shall not unlawfully enter the other ports of China, nor carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade along the coasts thereof. And any vessel belonging to a citizen of the United States, which violates this provision, shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation to the Chinese Government. ARTICLE IV. For the superintendence and regulation of the concerns of the citizens of the United States doing business at the said five ports, the Govern- 592 593 ment of the United States may appoint consuls, or other officers, at theU.
S. may appoint consuls, &c. same, who shall be duly recognized as such by the officers of the Chinese Government, and shall hold official intercourse and correspondence with the latter, either personal or in writing, as occasions may require, on terms of equality and reciprocal respect. If disrespectfully treated orProtection of consuls, and other officers of the U. S. aggrieved in any way by the local authorities, said officers on the one hand shall have the right to make representation of the same to the superior officers of the Chinese Government, who will see that full inquiry and strict justice be had in the premises; and on the other hand, the said consuls will carefully avoid all acts of unnecessary offence to, or collision with, the officers and people of China.
ARTICLE V. At each of the said five ports, citizens of the United States lawfullyPrivilege of trade at the ports named given to the citizens of the U. S. engaged in commerce, shall be permitted to import from their own or any other ports into China, and sell there, and purchase therein, and export to their own or any other ports, all manner of merchandize, of which the importation or exportation is not prohibited by this Treaty, paying the duties which are prescribed by the Tariff hereinbefore established, and no other charges whatsoever.
ARTICLE VI. Whenever any merchant vessel belonging to the United States shallThe papers of vessels of the U.S. arriving at either of the five ports, to be left with the consul.Tonnage duties to be paid at fixed rates, in full of all the former rates and charges.No additional tonnage duties to be paid by vessels going from one to another of the five ports. enter either of the said five ports for trade, her papers shall be lodged with the consul, or person charged with affairs, who will report the same to the Commissioner of Customs; and tonnage duty shall be paid on said vessel at the rate of five mace per ton, if she be over one hundred and fifty tons burden; and one mace per ton if she be of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under, according to the amount of her tonnage as specified in the register; said payment to be in full of the former charges of measurement and other fees, which are wholly abolished.
And if any vessel, which having anchored at one of the said ports, and there paid tonnage duty, shall have occasion to go to any others of the said ports to complete the disposal of her cargo, the consul, or person charged with affairs, will report the same to the Commissioner of Customs, who, on the departure of the said vessel, will note in the port-clearance that the tonnage duties have been paid, and report the same to the other custom-houses; in which case on entering another port the said vessel will only pay duty there on her cargo, but shall not be subject to the payment of tonnage duty a second time.
ARTICLE VII. No tonnage duty shall be required on boats belonging to citizens ofNo tonnage duties to be laid on boats belonging to citizens of U. S., &c.Duty on cargo boats. the United States, employed in the conveyance of passengers, baggage, letters, and articles of provision, or others not subject to duty, to or from any of the five ports. All cargo-boats, however, conveying merchandize subject to duty, shall pay the regular tonnage duty of one mace per ton, provided they belong to citizens of the United States, but not if hired by them from subjects of China.
ARTICLE VIII. Citizens of the United States, for their vessels bound in, shall beCitizens of U. S. may engage pilots for their vessels.May hire servants, &c. allowed to engage pilots, who will report said vessels at the passes, and take them into port; and, when the lawful duties have all been paid, they may engage pilots to leave port. It shall also be lawful for them to hire, at pleasure, servants, compradors, linguists, and writers, and passage or cargo boats, and to employ laborers, seamen, and persons for whatever necessary service, for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed 594 on by the parties, or settled by application to the consular officer of their government, without interference on the part of the local officers of the Chinese government.
ARTICLE IX. Custom-house officers to be appointed to guard the vessels of U. S. on arrival, &c.Whenever merchant vessels belonging to the United States shall have entered port, the superintendent of customs will, if he see fit, appoint custom-house officers to guard said vessels, who may live on board the ship or their own boats, at their convenience; but provision for the subsistence of said officers shall be made by the superintendent of customs, and they shall not be entitled to any allowance from the vessel or owner thereof; and they shall be subject to suitable punishment for any exaction practised by them in violation of this regulation.
ARTICLE X. Proceedings of vessels of the U. S. on their arrival in China.Whenever a merchant vessel belonging to the United States shall cast anchor in either of said ports, the supercargo, master, or consignee, will, within forty-eight hours, deposit the ship’s papers in the hands of the consul or person charged with the affairs of the United States, who will cause to be communicated to the superintendent of customs a true report of the name and tonnage of such vessel, the names of her men, and of the cargo on board; which being done, the superintendent will give a permit for the discharge of her cargo.
Penalties for discharging vessels without a permit.And the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge the cargo without such permit, shall incur a fine of five hundred dollars ; and the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese government. But if the master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duties on such part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports.
Vessels departing within 48 hours, not to be subject to tonnage or other duties.Or, if the master so desire, he may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, but not later, decide to depart without breaking bulk; in which case he will not be subject to pay tonnage or other duties or charges, until, on his arrival at another port, he shall proceed to discharge cargo, when he will pay the duties on vessel and cargo, according to law. And the tonnage duties shall be held to be due after the expiration of said forty-eight hours.
ARTICLE XI. Appointment of officers to ascertain the duties to be paid on goods imported.The superintendent of customs, in order to the collection of the proper duties, will, on application made to him through the consul, appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed, in the presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee, to make a just and fair examination of all goods in the act of being discharged for importation, or laden for exportation on board any merchant vessel of the United States.
And if Disputes as to amount of duties, where and how settled.dispute occur in regard to the value of goods subject to an ad valorem duty, or in regard to the amount of tare, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within twenty-four hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the said consul to adjust with the superintendent of customs. ARTICLE XII. Standards of weights and measures.Sets of standard balances, and also weights and measures, duly prepared, stamped, and sealed, according to the standard of the custom at Canton, shall be delivered by the superintendents of customs to the consuls at each of the five ports, to secure uniformity, and prevent confusion in measures and weights of merchandize. 595 ARTICLE XIII.
The tonnage duty on vessels belonging to citizens of the UnitedWhen tonnage and other duties shall be paid. States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the lading of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the superintendant of customs shall give a port-clearance, and the consul shall return the ship’s papers, so that she may depart on her voyage. The duties shall be paid to the shroffs authorized by the Chinese government to receive the same in its behalf.
Duties payableDuties to be paid in sycee silver, or in foreign money at the current rate of exchange. by merchants of the United States shall be received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of exchange as ascertained by the regulations now in force. And imported goods, on their resale or transit in any part of the empire, shall be subject to the imposition of no other duty than they are accustomed to pay at the date of this treaty. ARTICLE XIV. No goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States in portRegulation of transhipment of goods from one vessel of U.
S. to another. are to be transhipped to another vessel, unless there be particular occasion therefor; in which case, the occasion shall be certified by the consul to the superintendant of customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts, and permit the transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without such application, inquiry, and permit, they shall be subject to be forfeited to the Chinese government. ARTICLE XV. The former limitation of the trade of foreign nations to certain personsCitizens of U.
S. may trade with any and all subjects of China. appointed at Canton by the Government, and commonly called hong-merchants, having been abolished, citizens of the United States engaged in the purchase or sale of goods of import or export, are admitted to trade with any and all subjects of China without distinction;Not to be subject to any new limitations, &c. they shall not be subject to any new limitations, nor impeded in their business by monopolies or other injurious restrictions.
ARTICLE XVI. The Chinese Government will not hold itself responsible for any debtsChinese government not responsible for debts due by its subjects. which may happen to be due from subjects of China to citizens of the United States, or for frauds committed by them: but citizens of the United States may seek redress in law; and on suitable representation being made to the Chinese local authorities through the consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take all proper steps to compel satisfaction.
But in case the debtor be dead, or without property, or have absconded, the creditor cannot be indemnified according to the old system of the co-hong so called. And if citizens of the UnitedDebts due by citizens of U. S. to subjects of China. States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress in the same way through the consul, but without any responsibility for the debt on the part of the United States. ARTICLE XVII. Citizens of the United States residing or sojourning at any of theCitizens of U.
S. residing at any of the five ports, may obtain proper accommodations, &c. ports open to foreign commerce, shall enjoy all proper accommodation in obtaining houses and places of business, or in hiring sites from the inhabitants on which to construct houses and places of business, and also hospitals, churches and cemeteries. The local authorities of the two Governments shall select in concert the sites for the foregoing objects, having due regard to the feelings of the people in the location thereof: and the parties interested will fix the rent by mutual agreement, the proprietors on the one hand not demanding any exorbitant price, nor the merchants on the other unreasonably insisting on particu- 596 lar spots, but each conducting with justice and moderation.
And any desecration of said cemeteries by subjects of China shall be severely punished according to law. At places of anchorage, &c. merchants may pass and repass in the immediate vicinity.No excursions into the country, &c.Preservation of the public peace.At the places of anchorage of the vessels of the United States, the citizens of the United States, merchants, seamen, or others sojourning there, may pass and repass in the immediate neighbourhood; but they shall not at their pleasure make excursions into the country among the villages at large, nor shall they repair to public marts for the purpose of disposing of goods unlawfully and in fraud of the revenue.
And, in order to the preservation of the public peace, the local officers of government at each of the five ports, shall, in concert with the consuls, define the limits beyond which it shall not be lawful for citizens of the United States to go. ARTICLE XVIII. Persons may be employed to teach languages in any part of the empire. Citizens of U. S. may buy all manner of books.It shall be lawful for the officers or citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China without distinction of persons, to teach any of the languages of the empire, and to assist in literary labors; and the persons so employed shall not, for that cause, be subject to any injury on the part either of the government or of individuals : and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.
ARTICLE XIX. Citizens of U. S. to be specially protected by the local authorities.All citizens of the United States in China, peaceably attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing of amity and goodwill with subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy, for themselves and every thing appertaining to them, the special protection of the local authoritiesRiots and attacks on their houses to be prevented by military force, and rioters punished. of Government, who shall defend them from all insult or injury of any sort on the part of the Chinese.
If their dwellings or property be threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, or other violent or lawless persons, the local officers, on requisition of the consul, will immediately despatch a military force to disperse the rioters, and will apprehend the guilty individuals, and punish them with the utmost rigor of the law. ARTICLE XX. Re-exportation of goods imported into China by citizens of the U. S. to other permitted ports.Citizens of the United States who may have imported merchandize into any of the free ports of China, and paid the duty thereon, if they desire to re-export the same, in part or in whole, to any other of the said ports, shall be entitled to make application, through their consul, to the superintendant of Customs, who, in order to prevent frauds on the revenue, shall cause examination to be made by suitable officers to see that the duties paid on such goods, as entered on the custom-house books, correspond with the representation made, and that the goods remain with their original marks unchanged, and shall then make a memorandum in the port-clearance, of the goods, and the amount of duties paid on the same, and deliver the same to the merchant; and shall also certify the facts to the officers of customs of the other ports.
All which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and every thing being found on examination there to correspond, she shall be permitted to break bulk and land the said goods, without Frauds on the government of China.being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if, on such examination, the superintendent of customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government.
ARTICLE XXI. Criminal acts by subjects of China to beSubjects of China who may be guilty of any criminal act towards citizens of the United States, shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese autho- 597 rities according to the laws of China: and citizens of the United States,punished by the laws of China.Citizens of II. S. committing crimes, to be punished by the consul according to the laws of U. S. who may commit any crime in China, shall be subject to be tried and punished only by the consul, or other public functionary of the United States, thereto authorized according to the laws of the United States.
And in order to the prevention of all controversy and disaffection, justice shall be equitably and impartially administered on both sides. ARTICLE XXII. Relations of peace and amity between the United States and ChinaIf China should be at war, &c., trade of the U. S. to the five ports not to be molested.Transportation of goods to and from the ports of the belligerents to be allowed, &c.Proviso. being established by this treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the five ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that in case at any time hereafter, China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and for that cause should exclude such nation from entering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent parties, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States:
Provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers or soldiers in the enemy’s service; nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy’s ships with their cargoes to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese Government. ARTICLE XXIII. The consuls of the United States at each of the five ports open toConsuls of U. S. to make returns of the trade of U.
S. with the five ports, &c. foreign trade, shall make annually to the respective Governors-general thereof, a detailed report of the number of vessels belonging to the United States which have entered and left said ports during the year, and of the amount and value of goods imported or exported in said vessels, for transmission to and inspection of the Board of Revenue. ARTICLE XXIV. If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address anyCommunications with the local officers of China, how to be made. communication to the Chinese local officers of Government, they shall submit the same to their consul, or other officer, to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right; in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises.
In like manner, ifCommunications from subjects of China, how to be made. subjects of China have special occasion to address the consul of the United States, they shall submit the communication to the local authorities of their own Government, to determine if the language be respectful and proper, and the matter just and right; in which case the said authorities will transmit the same to the consul, or other officer, for his consideration and action in the premises. And if controversies ariseSettlement of controversies. between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the public officers of the two nations acting in conjunction.
ARTICLE XXV. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person,Questions between citizens of U. S. in Chi na, how to be regulated.Between citizens of U. S. and others. arising between citizens of the United States in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own Government. And all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and the subjects of any other Government, shall be regulated by the treaties existing between the United States and such Governments, respectively, without interference on the part of China. 598 ARTICLE XXVI.
Merchant vessels of U. S. in the five ports to be under the jurisdiction of the officers of their government.Robbers and pirates, &c. to be arrested and punished by the Chinese government.Merchant vessels of the United States lying in the waters of the five ports of China open to foreign commerce, will be under the jurisdiction of the officers of their own Government; who, with the masters and owners thereof, will manage the same without control on the part of China. For injuries done to the citizens or the commerce of the United States by any foreign power, the Chinese Government will not hold itself bound to make reparation.
But if the merchant-vessels of the United States, while within the waters over which the Chinese Government exercises jurisdiction, be plundered by robbers or pirates, then the Chinese local authorities, civil and military, on receiving information thereof, will arrest the said robbers or pirates, and punish them Disposition of the property recovered.according to law, and will cause all the property which can be recovered, to be placed in the hands of the nearest consul, or other officer of the United States, to be by him restored to the true owner.
But if, by reason of the extent of territory and numerous population of China, it should, in any case, happen that the robbers cannot be apprehended, or the property only in part recovered, then the law will take its course in regard to the local authorities, but the Chinese Government will not make indemnity for the goods lost. ARTICLE XXVII. Shipwrecks.If any vessel of the United States shall be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, and be subjected to plunder or other damage, the proper officers of Government on receiving information of the fact, will immediately adopt measures for their relief and security; and the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and be enabled at once to repair Vessels forced into any other than one of the five ports, shall receive friendly treatment.to the most convenient of the free ports, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions and water.
And if a vessel shall be forced in whatever way to take refuge in any port other than one of the free ports, then in like manner the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment, and the means of safety and security. ARTICLE XXVIII. Citizens or vessels of U.S. not to be subject to embargo.Citizens of the United States, their vessels and property, shall not be subject to any embargo; nor shall they be seized or forcibly detained for any pretense of the public service; but they shall be suffered to prosecute their commerce in quiet, and without molestation or embarrassment.
ARTICLE XXIX. Mutineers and deserters to be apprehended and delivered to U. S. consuls.The local authorities of the Chinese Government will cause to be apprehended all mutineers or deserters from on board the vessels of the United States in China, and will deliver them up to the consuls or other officers for punishment. And if criminals, subjects of China, take refuge in the houses or on board the vessels of citizens of the United States, they shall not be harbored or concealed, but shall be delivered up to justice, on due requisition by the Chinese local officers addressed to those of the United States.
Merchants, &c. of U. S. to be under the superintendence of the officers of their government.The merchants, seamen, and other citizens of the United States shall be under the superintendance of the appropriate officers of their government. If individuals of either nation commit acts of violence and disorder, use arms to the injury of others, or create disturbances endangering life, the officers of the two governments will exert themselves to enforce order, and to maintain the public peace, by doing impartial justice in the premises. 599 ARTICLE XXX.
The superior authorities of the United States and of China, in correspondingCorrespondence between the respective governments and their officers, and between individuals and their government. together, shall do so in terms of equality, and in the form of mutual communication, (*cháu hwui.*) The consuls, and the local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together, shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual communication, (*cháu hwui.*) When inferior officers of the one government address superior officers of the other, they shall do so in the style and form of memorial, (*shin chin.*) Private individuals, in addressing superior officers, shall employ the style of petition, (*pin ching.*) In no case shall any terms or style be suffered which shall be offensive or disrespectful to either party.
And it is agreed that no presents, under any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of the United States by China, or of China by the United States. ARTICLE XXXI. Communications from the government of the United States to theTransmission of communications. court of China shall be transmitted through the medium of the Imperial Commissioner charged with the superintendence of the concerns of foreign nations with China, or through the Governor-general of the Liang Kwang, that of Min and Cheh, or that of the Liang Kiang.
ARTICLE XXXII. Whenever ships of war of the United States, in cruizing for the protectionIntercourse with ships of war. of the commerce of their country, shall arrive at any of the ports of China, the commanders of said ships and the superior local authorities of Government, shall hold intercourse together in terms of equality and courtesy, in token of the friendly relations of their respective nations. And the said ships of war shall enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese Government in the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and making repairs if occasion require.
ARTICLE XXXIII. Citizens of the United States, who shall attempt to trade clandestinelyClandestine trade prohibited. with such of the ports of China as are not open to foreign commerce, or who shall trade in opium or any other contraband article of merchandize, shall be subject to be dealt with by the Chinese Government, without being entitled to any countenance or protection from that of the United States; and the United States will take measures to prevent their flag from being abused by the subjects of other nations, as a cover .for the violation pf the laws of the Empire.
ARTICLE XXXIV. When the present convention shall have been definitively concluded, itAt the expiration of 12 years, the two governments may treat on matters which may require alteration. shall be obligatory on both Powers, and its provisions shall not be altered without grave cause; but, inasmuch as the circumstances of the several ports of China open to foreign commerce are different, experience may show that inconsiderable modifications are requisite in those parts which relate to commerce and navigation : in which case, the two Governments will, at the expiration of twelve years from the date of said convention, treat amicably concerning the same, by the means of suitable persons appointed to conduct such negotiation.
And when ratified, this Treaty shall be faithfully observed in all itsThe treaty, when ratified, to be faithfully observed, &c. parts by the United States and China, and by every citizen and subject of each. And no individual State of the United States can appoint or send a minister to China to call in question the provisions of the same. The present treaty of peace, amity, and commerce, shall be ratifiedRatifications to be exchanged within eighteen months. and approved by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the August Sovereign 600 of the Ta Tsing Empire, and the ratifications shall be exchanged, within eighteen months from the date of the signature thereof, or sooner if possible.
In faith whereof, We, the respective Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, and of the Ta Tsing Empire, as aforesaid, have signed and sealed these presents. Done at Wang Hiya, this third day of July, in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ, one thousand eight hundred and forty-four; and of Taoukwang, the twenty-fourth year, fifth month, and eighteenth day. TSIYENG, (*in Manchu*,) (l. s.) C. CUSHING, (l. s.) *The tariff of duties to be levied on imported and exported merchandize at the five ports.* The duties which it is agreed shall be paid upon goods imported and exported by the United States, at the Custom Houses of Canton, Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo, and Shanghai, are as follows; the articles being arranged in classes, viz.
EXPORTS. Class 1.—*Alum, oils, &c.* Taels. Mace. Candareens. Alum, i. e. white alum, formerly white alum and blue stone, per 100 catties 0 1 0 Anniseed oil, not formerly contained in the tariff, per 100 catties 5 0 0 Cassia oil, not formerly contained in the tariff, per 100 catties 5 0 0 Class 2. — *Tea, spices, &c.* Tea, formerly divided into fine and native black, and fine and native green teas, per 100 catties 2 5 0 Anniseed Star, per 100 catties 5 Musk, each catty 5 Class 3. — *Drugs*.
Capoor Cutchery, per 100 catties 0 3 0 Camphor, per 100 catties 1 5 0 Arsenic, under different Chinese names, per 100 catties 0 7 5 Cassia, per 100 catties 0 7 5 Cassia buds, not formerly contained in the tariff, per 100 catties 1 0 0 China Root, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Cubebs, not formerly in tariff, per 100 catties 1 5 0 Galingal, per 100 catties 0 1 0 Hartall, do. 0 5 0 Rhubarb, do. 1 0 0 Turmeric, do. 0 2 0 Class 4. — *Sundries.* 601 Taels. Mace. Candareens. Corals, native, or false corals, not formerly in the tariff, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Crackers, and fire-works formerly classed as Rockets, per 100 catties 0 7 5 Fans (feather fans, &c.), not formerly in the tariff, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Glass; glass ware of all kinds, formerly classed as native crystal ware, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Glass beads, or false pearls, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Kittisols, or paper umbrellas, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Marble, marble slabs, not formerly in the tariff, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Rice paper pictures, per 100 catties 0 1 0 Paper fans, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Pearls (false), not formerly in the tariff, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Class 5. — *Painters’ stores, &c.* Brass leaf, per 100 catties 1 5 0 Gamboge, do. 2 0 0 Red lead, do. 0 5 0 Glue, as fish, glue, cowhide glue, &c., per 100 catties 0 5 0 Paper, stationery, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Til foil, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Vermillion do 3 0 0 Paintings (large paintings), formerly divided into large and small paintings, each 0 1 0 White lead, per 100 catties 0 2 5 Class 6. — *Wares of various kinds.* Bone and Horn ware, per 100 catties 1 0 0 China ware, fine and coarse, formerly classed as fine, native, coarse, and middling, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Copper ware and pewter ware, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Manufactures of wood, furniture, &c., per 100 catties 0 2 0 Ivory ware, all carved ivory work included, formerly divided into ivory and ivory carvings, per 100 catties 5 0 0 Lacquered ware, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Mother of pearl ware, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Rattan ware, rattan and bamboo work, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Sandal-wood ware, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Gold and silver ware, formerly divided into gold ware and silver ware, per 100 catties 10 0 0 Tortoise-shell ware, per 100 catties 10 0 0 Leather trunks and boxes, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Class 7. — Canes, &c.
Canes or walking sticks of all kinds, per 1000 pieces 0 5 0 Class 8. — *Articles of Clothing.* Wearing apparel, whether of cotton, woollen, or silk, formerly divided into cotton clothing, woollen do., silk and satin do., and velvet, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Boots and shoes, whether of leather, satin, or otherwise, per 100 catties 0 2 0 602 Class 9. — *Fabrics of Hemp, &c.* Taels. Mace. Candareens. Grass-cloth, and all cloths of hemp or linen, per 100 catties, 1 0 0 Nankeen, and all cloths of cotton, formerly not in the tariff, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Class 10. — *Silk, fabrics of Silk, &c.* Raw silk of any province, per 100 catties 10 0 0 Coarse or refuse silk, do. 2 0 0 Organzine, of all kinds, do. 10 0 0 Silk ribbon and thread, do. 10 0 0 Silk and satin fabrics of all kinds, as crape, lutestring, &c., &c., formerly classed as silks and satins, per 100 catties 12 0 0 Silk and Cotton mixed fabrics, per 100 catties 3 0 0 Heretofore a further charge per piece has been levied : the whole duty is now to be paid in one sum and the further charge is abolished Class 11. — *Carpeting, matting, &c.* Mats of all kinds, as of straw, rattan, bamboo, &c. &c. per 100 catties 0 2 0 Class 12. — Preserves, &c.
Preserved Ginger and fruits of all kinds, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Soy, per 100 catties 0 4 0 Sugar, white and brown, per 100 catties 0 2 5 Sugar candy, all kinds, do. 0 3 5 Tobacco, prepared and unprepared, &c., of all kinds, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Class 13. — *Unenumerated Articles.* All articles which it has not been practicable to enumerate herein specifically are to be charged a duty of five per cent, ad valorem. Class 14. Gold and silver coin, and gold and silver, duty free.
Class 15. Bricks, tiles, and building materials, duty free. IMPORTS. Class 1. — *Wax, Saltpetre, &c.* Wax, foreign, as beeswax, also called tile wax, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Oil of Rose Mallows, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Saltpetre, foreign, per 100 catties 0 3 0 This article is only allowed to be sold to the Government merchants. Formerly this regulation did not exist. Soaps, foreign, as perfumed soap, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Class 2. — *Spices and perfumes.* Gum Benzoin and oil of Benzoin, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Sandal wood, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Pepper, black, do. 0 4 0 603 Taels.
Mace. Candareens. All other articles of this class, not specifically mentioned herein, to pay a duty of ten per cent, ad valorem. Perfumery, five per cent, ad valorem. Class 3. — Drugs. Asafœtida, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Camphor, superior quality, i. e. pure, formerly classed as good and inferior, per catty 1 0 0 Do. inferior quality or refuse, formerly uncleaned camphor, per catty 0 5 0 Cloves, superior quality, picked, per 100 catties 1 5 0 Do. inferior do. (Mother cloves) per 100 catties 0 5 0 Cow Bezoar, per catty 1 0 0 Cutch, per 100 catties 0 3 0 Gambier, per 100 catties 0 1 5 Areca nut, per 100 catties 0 1 5 Ginseng, foreign, superior quality, &c., per 100 catties 38 0 0 Do. inferior quality, &c., per 100 catties 3 5 0 Of every hundred catties of foreign ginseng of whatever sort, one fifth part is to be considered as of superior quality and four fifths of inferior quality.
Gum olibanum, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Myrrh, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Mace, or flower of Nutmeg, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Quicksilver, per 100 catties 3 0 0 Nutmegs, first quality, per 100 catties 2 0 0 Do. second quality, or coarse, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Putchuck, per 100 catties 0 7 5 Rhinoceros horns, per 100 catties 3 0 0 Class 4. — *Sundries.* Flints, per 100 catties 0 0 5 Mother of pearl shells, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Class 5. — Dried Meats. Bird’s nests, 1st quality mandarin, per 100 catties 5 0 0 Do. 2d do. ordinary, per 100 catties 2 5 0 Do. 3d do. with feathers, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Bicho de Mar, 1st quality black, per 100 catties 0 8 0 Do. 2d. do. white, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Shark’s fins, 1st quality white, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Do. 2d. do. black, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Stock fish, called dried fish, per 100 catties 0 4 0 Fish maws, not formerly in tariff, per 100 catties 1 5 0 Class 6. — *Painters’ Stores.* Cochineal, per 100 catties 5 0 0 Smalts, per 100 catties 4 0 0 Sapan wood, per 100 catties 0 1 0 Class 7. — *Woods, Canes, &c.* Rattans, per 100 catties 0 2 0 Ebony, per 100 catties 0 1 5 All other imported wood, as red wood, satin wood, yellow wood, not specifically enumerated, to pay a duty of ten per cent, ad valorem. 604 Class 8. — *Clocks, Watches, &c.* Taels.
Mace. Candareens. Clocks. Watches. Telescopes. Glass panes, and crystal ware of all kinds Writing desks. Dressing cases. Jewelry of gold and silver. Cutlery, swords, &c. All the foregoing and any other miscellaneous articles of the same description, 5 per cent, ad valorem. Class 9. Gold and silver bullion, duty free. Class 10. Cotton, fabrics of cotton and canvass, from 75 to 100 chih long, and one chih 7 tsun to 2 chih 2 tsun wide, per piece 0 5 0 Cotton, allowing 5 per cent, for tare, per 100 catties 0 4 0 Long white cloths 75 to 100 chih long, and 2 chih 2 tsun to 2 chih 6 tsun wide, formerly divided into superior and inferior fine cotton cloth, per piece 0 1 5 Cambrics and muslins from 50 to 60 chih long, and 2 chih 9 tsun to 3 chih 3 tsun wide, per piece 0 1 5 Cottons, grey or unbleached domestic, and from 75 to 100 chih long, and 2 chih to 2 chih 9 tsun wide, formerly classed as coarse long cloths, per piece 0 1 0 Twilled cottons, grey, same dimensions, per piece 0 1 0 Chintz and prints of all kinds, from 60 to 75 chih long, and from 2 chih 9 tsun to 3 chih 3 tsun wide, formerly called ornamented or flower cloths, per piece 0 2 0 Cotton yarn, or cotton thread, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Linen, fine, not formerly in the tariff, from 50 to 75 chih long, and 1 chih 9 tsun to 2 chih 2 tsun wide, per piece 0 5 0 Bunting, per chang 0 0 1 1/2 All other imported articles of this class, as ginghams, pulicats, dyed cottons, velveteens, silk and cotton mixtures, and mixtures of linen and cotton, &c. &c., 5 per cent, ad valorem.
Class 11. — *Fabrics of silk, woollen, &c.* Handkerchiefs, large, above 2 chih 6 tsun, each 0 0 1 1/2 Do. small, under 2 chih 6 tsun, do 0 0 1 Gold and silver thread, superior or real, per catty 0 1 3 Do. do. inferior, or imitation, per catty 0 0 3 Broadcloth, Spanish stripe, &c., from 3 chih 6 tsun to 4 chih 6 tsun wide, per chang 0 1 5 Narrow cloths, as long ells, cassimeres, &c., formerly classed as narrow woollens, per chang 0 0 7 Camlets (Dutch), per chang 0 1 5 Do. per chang 0 0 7 Imitation camlets, or bombazettes, per chang 0 0 3 1/2 Woollen yarn, per 100 catties 3 0 0 Blankets, each 0 1 0 All other fabrics of wool, or of mixed wool and cotton, wool and silk, &c., 5 per cent, ad valorem. 605 Class 12. — *Wines, &c.* Taels.
Mace. Candareens. Wine and beer, in quart bottles, per 100 1 0 0 do. in pint do. do 0 5 0 do. in cask, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Class 13. — *Metals.* Copper, foreign, in pigs, &c., per 100 catties 1 0 0 Do. wrought, as sheets, rods, &c., per 100 catties 1 5 0 Iron, foreign, unmanufactured, as in pigs, per 100 catties 0 1 0 Do. manufactured, as in bars, rods, &c., per 100 catties 0 1 5 Lead, foreign, in pigs, or manufactured, per 100 catties 0 2 8 Steel, foreign, of every kind, per 100 catties 0 4 0 Tin, foreign, per 100 catties 1 0 0 Tin plates, formerly not in the tariff, per 100 catties 0 4 0 Spelter is only permitted to be sold to government merchants.
All unenumerated metals, as zinc, yellow copper, &c., 10 per cent, ad valorem. Class 14. — *Jewelry.* Cornelians, per 100 stones 0 5 0 Cornelian beads, per 100 catties 10 0 0 Class 15. — *Skins, teeth, horns, &c.* Bullock’s and buffalo horns, per 100 catties 2 0 0 Cow and ox hides, tanned and untanned, per 100 catties 0 5 0 Sea otter skins, each 1 5 0 Fox skins, large, each 0 1 5 Do. small, do 0 0 7 1/2 Tiger, Leopard, and martin skins, each 0 1 5 Land otter, Racoon, and shark’s skins, per 100 2 0 0 Beaver skins, per 100 5 0 0 Hare, rabbit, and ermine skins, per 100 0 5 0 Sea-horse teeth, per 100 catties 2 0 0 Elephant’s teeth, 1st quality, whole, per 100 catties 4 0 0 2d do. broken, do 2 0 0 Class 16. — *Unenumerated.* All new goods which it has not been practicable to enumerate herein, a duty of 5 per cent, ad valorem.
Class 17. Rice and other grains, duty free. *Contraband*.—Opium. *Shipping dues*.—These have been hitherto charged on the measurement of the ship’s length and breadth, at so much per chang, but it is now agreed to alter the system and charge according to the registered statement of the number of tons of the ship’s burden. On each ton (reckoned, equal to the cubic contents of 122 tows), a shipping charge of five mace is to be levied; and all the old charges of measurement, entrance and port-clearance fees, daily and monthly fees, &c., are abolished.
CUSHING, (l. s.) TSIYENG, (l. s.) Nov. 10, 1845 Treaty
Connections1 cite this · traces to 1
Cited by 1 section
statutes-at-large
Traces to 1 document
7 references not yet in our index
  • 8 Stat. 570
  • 8 Stat. 572
  • 8 Stat. 578
  • 8 Stat. 580
  • 8 Stat. 584
  • 8 Stat. 588
  • 8 Stat. 592
Citation graph
cites case law
Treaty
Stat.×1
Stat.Treaty
Stat.8 Stat. 570
Stat.8 Stat. 572
Stat.8 Stat. 578
Stat.8 Stat. 580
Stat.8 Stat. 584
Cites 8 · showing 6Cited by 1 across 1 source
★   the supreme law of the land   ★
Don't Tread on Me
E Pluribus Unum — out of many, one

"If you don't know your rights, you don't have any."

Marginalia · a citizen's law index
A research desk, not legal advice. Always read the cited source before relying on a summary.
Questions or an issue? support@self-law.org
disclaimerMarginalia is a research index, not a law firm. Nothing on this site is legal, tax, or financial advice and no attorney–client relationship is formed by using it. Statutes, regulations, and case law change; summaries, search results, AI output, and member posts may be incomplete, out of date, or wrong. Any interpretation drawn from material on this site should be validated by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before you act on it.