Treaty.
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8 Stat. 534 TREATY WITH ECUADOR. June 13, 1839.Ratifications exchanged at Quito, April 9, 1842.—Proclamation of the President, Sept. 23, 1842.The United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, desiring to make lasting and firm the friendship and good understanding which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive the rules which shall, in future, be religiously observed between the one and the other, by means of a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation.
For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on James C. Pickett, a citizen of the said States, and the President of the Republic of Ecuador, on Doctor Luis de Saá, Minister of Finance, charged with the Department of the Interior and Foreign Relations; who, after having exchanged their said full powers, in due and proper form, Jiave agreed to the following articles: ARTICLE I. To be a perfect, firm, and inviolable peace, and sincere friendship.There shall be a perfect, firm and inviolable peace and sincere friendship, between the United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens, respectively, without distinction of persons or places.
ARTICLE II. Favors granted by either, to other nations, to be common to the other.The United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually, not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shajl enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or, on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.
ARTICLE III. Mutual benefits in trade and residence to be equally enjoyed.The two high contracting parties, being likewise desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree, that the citizens of each, may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside and trade there, in all kinds of produce, manufactures and merchandise; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, which native citizens do, or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees and usages Except as to the coasting trade.there established, to which native citizens are subjected; but it is un-derstood, that this article does not include the coasting trade of either country, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties respectively, according to their own separate laws.
And it is further agreed, that And the privileges granted to vessels built in the dockyard at Guayaquil.this article shall be subject to the following modification. That whereas by a law of Ecuador of March 21st, 1837, vessels built in the dock-yard of Guayaquil, shall be exempted from various charges, therefore, vessels of the United States cannot claim this privilege, but shall enjoy it if it should be granted to vessels belonging to Spain, or to Mexico, and to the other Hispano-American Republics.
ARTICLE IV. Equalization of duties on vessels and their cargoes.They likewise agree, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures or merchandise of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States, in their own vessels, may be 534 TRACTADO CON ECUADOR. La República del Ecuador y los Estados Unidos de America, dese-audo hacer duradera y firme la amistad y buena inteligencia que felizmente existe entre ambas potencias, han resuelto fijar de una manera clara, distinta y positíva, las reglas que deben observar religiosamente en to venidero, por medio de un tratado de paz, amistad, comercio y navegacion.
Con este muy deseable objeto, el Presidente de la República del Ecuador haconferido plenos poderes al Doctor Luis de Saá, Ministro de Hacienda y encargado del Ministerio del Interior y Relaciones Esteriores, y el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America á Santiago C. Pickett ciudadano de dichos Estados; quienes, despues de haber cangeado sus espresados plenos poderes en debida y buena forma, han couvenido en los articulos siguientes: ARTICULO I. Habrá una paz perfecta, firme é inviolable y amistad sincera, entre la República del Ecuador y los Estados Unidos de America, en toda la estension de sus posesiones y territories, y entre sus pueblos y ciudadanos respectivamente, sin distincion de personas ni lugares.
ARTICULO II. La República del Ecuador y los Estados Unidos de America, dese-audo vivir en paz y en armonia con las demas naciones de la tierra, por medio de una politica franca é igualmente amistosa con todas, se obligan mutuamente á no conceder favores particulares á otras naciones, con respecte á comercio y navegacion, que uo se hagan inmediatamente comunes á una ú otra, quien gozara de los mismos, libremente, ó prestando la misma compensacion, si la concesion fuere condicional.
ARTICULO III. Las dos altas partes contratantes, deseando tambien establecer el comercio y navegacion de sus respectives paises, sobre las liberales bases de perfecta igualdad y reciprocidad, convienen, mutuamente en que los ciudadanos de cada una podrán frecuentar todas las costas y paises de la otra y resider y traficar en ellos con toda clase de producciones, manufacturas y tnercaderias, y gozarán de todos los derechos, privilegios y exenciones, con respecte á navegacion y comercio, de que gozan ó gozaren los ciudadanos naturales, sometiendose á las leyes, decretos y usos establecidos, á que estan sujetos dichos ciudadanos, Pero debe entenderse que este articulo no comprende el comercio de cabotage de cada uno de los paises, cuya regulacion queda reservada á las partes respectivamente, segun sus leyes propias y peculiares, Y debe entenderse ademas, que este articule estará sugeto á la modificacion siguiente; que por cuanto, una ley del Ecuador, fecha de Marzo 21 de 1837, dispone, que los buques construidos en el astillero de Guayaquil, serán libres de derechos de varias clases, los buques de los Estados Unidos no podrán pretender esta misma libertad; pero la gozarán, si se concediese á los buques de la España, de Mejico y de las demas Republicas Hispano Americanas.
ARTICULO IV. Ygualmente convienen en que cualquiera clase de producciones, manufacturas ó mercaderias, de cualquier pais estranjero que puedan ser en cualquier tiempo legalmente introducidas en la República del Ecuador 535 536 TREATY WITH ECUADOR. 1839. also imported in the vessels of the Republic of Ecuador; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in the vessels of the one country or of the other: and in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures or merchandise of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the Republic of Ecuador in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel and her cargo, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other.
Vessels of both nations on the name footing as to exportations, drawbacks thereon, &c.And they agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported or re-exported from the one country in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other country. And the same bounties, duties and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the United States, or of the Republic of Ecuador.
ARTICLE V. What shall be considered Ecuadorian vessels.For the better understanding of the preceding article, and taking into consideration the actual state of the commercial marine of Ecuador, it has been stipulated and agreed, that all vessels belonging exclusively to a citizen or citizens of said Republic, and whose captain is also a citizen of the same, though the construction or the crew are or may be foreign, shall be considered, for all the objects of this treaty, as an Ecuadorian vessel.
ARTICLE VI. Importations and exportations to be on a reciprocal footing.No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States, of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the Republic of Ecuador; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of Ecuador, of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are, or shall be payable on the like articles, being the produce or manufactures of any other foreign country; nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States or to the Republic of Ecuador, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on No partial prohibitions to be established.the exportation or importation of any articles the produce or manufactures of the United States or of the Republic of Ecuador, to or from the territories of the United States, or to or from the territories of the Republic of Ecuador, which shall not equally extend to all other nations.
ARTICLE VII. Citizens of either, free to manage their own business in the country of the other; to be treated as citizens thereof, or as those of the most favored nation—subject to taxes, &c.It is likewise agreed, that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships and other citizens of both countries, to manage themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off their ships; they being in all these cases to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or, at least, to be placed on a footing with the subjects or citizens of the most favored nation.
They shall be subject, however, to such general taxes and contributions, as are or may be established by law. ARTICLE VIII. No embargo, &c. without indemnification.The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandises, 537 en sus propios buques, paedan tambien ser introducidas en los buques de los Estados Unidos, y que no se impondrán ó cobrarán otros ó mas altos derechos de tonelada, ó por el cargamento, ya sea que la importacion se haga en buques de la una ó de la otra.
De la misma manera cualquiera clase de producciones, manufacturas ó mercaderias de cualquier pais estrangero, que puedan ser en cualquier tiempo tegalmente introducidas en los Estados Unidos en sus propios buques, podrán, tambien ser introducidas en los buques de la República del Ecuador; y no se impondrán ó cobrarán otros ó mas altos derechos de tonelada ó por el cargamento, ya sea que la importacion se haga en buques de la una ó de la otra. Y convienen que todo to que pueda ser legalmente esportado ó re-esportado de uno de los dos paises en sus propios buques para un pais estrangero, pueda de la misma manera ser esportado ó re-esportado en los buques del otro.
Y los mismos derechos, premios ó descuentos se concederán y cobrarán, sea que la esportacion ó re-esportacion se haga en los buques de la República del Ecuador ó en los de los Estados Unidos. ARTICULO V. Para cabal inteligencia del articuto precedente, y en consideracion al estado de la marina comercial de la República del Ecuador, se ha estipulado y convenido que todo buque perteneciente exclusivamente á ciudadano ó ciudadanos de dicha República, y cuyo capitan sea tambien ciudadano de ella, aunque su construccion y tripulacion sean estrangeras, será considerado para todos los effectos de este tratado, como buque Ecuadoriano.
ARTICULO VI. No se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos á la importacion en la República del Ecuador de cualquier articulo, producciou ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos, ni se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos á la importacion de cualquier articulo, produccion ó manufactara de la República del Ecuador, en los Estados Unidos, que los que se paguen ó pagaren por iguales articules, produccion ó manufactura de cualquier pais estrangero; ni se impondrán otros ó mas altos derechos ó impuestos en cualquiera de los dos paises, á la esportacion de cualesquiera articulos para la República del Ecuador, o para los Estados.
Unidos respectivamente, que los que se paguen ó pagaren á la esportacion de iguales articulos para cualquier otro pais estrangero; ni se probibirá la importacion ó esportacion en los territories ó de los territories de la República del Ecuador y de los Estados Unidos, de cualesquiera articulos, produccion ó manufactura de la una ó de la otra, á menos que esta prohibicion sea igualmente estensiva á todas las otras naciones. ARTICULO VII. Se con viene ademas, que será enteramente libre y permitido á los comerciantes, comandantes de buques, y otros ciudadanos de ambos paises, el manejar sus negocies por si mismos, en todos los puertos y lugares sujetos á la jurisdiccion de uno ú otro, asi respecte de las consignaciones y ventas por mayor y mener de sus efectos y mercaderias, como de la carga y descarga y despacho de sus buques, debiendo en todos estes casos, ser tratados como ciudadanos del pais en que residan, ó al menos puestos sobre un pie igual con los subditos ó ciudadanos de las naciones mas favorecidas.
Estarán sugetos, sin embargo, á los impuestos y contribuciones generales, establecidas por ley, ó que por ella, se establecieren. ARTICULO VIII. Los ciudadanos de una ú otra parte no podrán ser embargados ni detenidos con sus embarcaciones, tripulacioues, mercaderias y effectos 538 or effects for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnification. ARTICLE IX. Vessels seeking refuge from stress of weather, &c., to be protected, &c.Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum, in the rivers, bays, ports or dominions of the other, with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates, or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage, without obstacle or hindrance of any kind.
ARTICLE X. Captures by pirates to be restored.All the ships, merchandise, and the effects belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due and proper form, their rights, before the competent tribunals; it being well understood, that the claim should be made within the term of one year, by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of their respective Governments.
ARTICLE XI. Assistance to be given in cases of wrecks, &c.When any vessels belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection, in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, unless they be destined for consumption.
ARTICLE XII. Citizens either party may dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other.The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or *ab intestato*, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or by others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such duties only as the inhabitants of the country wherein the said goods are shall be subject to pay in In case of real estate, alien heirs allowed three years to dispose of their property.like cases.
And if in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years, to dispose of the same as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, nor any other charges than those which are imposed by the laws of the country. ARTICLE XIII. Protection to persons and property.Both the contracting parties promise and engage, formally, to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice, for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, no- 539 comerciales, de su pertenencia, para alguna expedicion militar, usos públicos ó particulares, cualesquiera que seau, sin conceder á los interesados una suficiente indemnizacion.
ARTICULO IX. Siempre que los ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes se vieren precisados a buscar refugio ó asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra con sus buques, ya sean mercantes ó de guerra, ptiblicos ó particulares, por mal tiempo, persecucion de piratas ó enemigos, serán recibidos y tratados con humanidad, dandoles todo favor y proteccion para reparar sus buques, procurar viveres, y ponerse en situacion de continuar su viage, sin obstacuto ó estorbe de ningun genero.
ARTICULO X. Todos los buques, mercaderias y efectos pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, bien sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion ó en alta mar, y fueren llevados ó hallados en los rios, radas, bahias, puertos, ó dominios de la otra, serán entregados á sus dueños, probando estos, en la forma propia y debida, sus derechos ante los tribunales competentes; bien entendido que el reclamo ha de hacerse dentro del termino de on ano, por las mismas partes, sus apoderados ó agentes de los respectivos Gobiernos.
ARTICULO XI. Cuando algun buque perteneciente á los ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, encalle ó sufra alguna averia en las costas ó dentro de los dominios de la otra, se les dará toda ayuda y proteccion, del mismo modo que es uso y costumbre con los buques de la nacion en donde suceda la averia; per mi tien doles descargar el dicho buque, si fuere necesario, de sus mercaderias y efectos, sin cobrar por esto, ningun derecho, impuesto ó contribucion, á menos que se destin en al consumo.
ARTICULO XII. Los ciudadanos de cada una de las partes contratantes tendrán pleno poder para disponer de sus bienes person ales dentro de la jurisdiccion de la otra, por venta, donacion, testamento, ó de otro modo; y sus representantes, siendo ciudadanos de la otra parte, sucederán á sus dichos bienes person ales, ya sea por testamento ó *ab intestato, y* podrán tomar posesion de ellos, ya sea por si mismos ó por otros que obren por ellos, y disponer de los mismos segun su voluntad, pagando aquellas cargas solamente que los habitantes del pais en donde estan los referidos bienes, estuvieren sujetos á pagar en iguales casos.
Y si en el caso de bienes raices los dichos herederos fuesen impedidos de entrar en la posesion de la herencia por razon de su caracter de estrangeros, se les dará el termino de tres años para disponer de ella como juzguen conveniente, y para estraer su producto sin molestia, ni otros impuestos que los establecidos por las leyes del pais. ARTICULO XIII. Ambas partes contratantes se comprometen y obligan formalmente á dar su proteccion especial á las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una reciprocamente, transeuntes ó habitantes, de todas ocupaciones, en los territories sujetos á la jurisdiccion de una y otra, dejandoles abiertos y libres los tribunales de justicia para sus recursos judiciales, en los mismos termines que son de uso y costumbre para los naturales ó ciudadanos del pais en que residan; para to cual, podrán emplear en defenza de sus derechos, aquellos abogados, 540 taries, agents and factors as they judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them; and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited on the said trials.
ARTICLE XIV. Liberty of conscience , and the rites of burial, secured.It is likewise agreed that the most perfect and entire security of conscience may be enjoyed by the citizens of both the contracting parties, in the countries subject to the jurisdiction of the one and the other, without their being liable to be disturbed or molested on account of their religious belief, so long as they respect the laws and established usages of the country. Moreover, the bodies of the citizens of one of the contracting parties, who may die in the territories of the other, shall be buried in the usual burying-grounds, or in other decent or suitable places, and shall be protected from violation or disturbance.
ARTICLE XV. Both parties at liberty to trade with those at enmity with either, &c.It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the Republic of Ecuador, to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security; no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandises laden thereon, from any port, to the places of those who now are, or hereafter shall be, at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid, to sail with their ships and merchandises before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever; not only directly from the places of the enemy before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or under several.
And it is hereby stipulated, that free Free ships to make tree goods—contraband excepted.ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, All persons on board, except those in the actual service of an enemy, to be free.in like manner, that the same liberty shall be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that, although they may be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies: *Provided, however*, and it is hereby agreed, Flag covering the property to be applied to those powers only, who acknowledge the principle.that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as applying to those powers only, who recognise this principle; but, if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies, whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others.
ARTICLE XVI. Enemy’s property, to be protected by a neutral flag, must be shipped within six months after the declaration of war, &c.It is likewise agreed, that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulations, it shall always be understood, that the neutral property found on board such enemy’s vessels shall be held and considered as enemy’s property, and, as such, shall be liable to detention and confiscation; except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contract- 541 procuradores, escribanos, agentes ó factores, que juzguen convenient, en todos sus asuntos y litijios; y dichos ciudadanos ó agentes tendrán la libre face It ad de estar presentes en las decisiones y sentencias de los tribunales, en todos los eases que conciernan á aquellos, como igualmente al tomar todos los examenes y declaraciones que se ofrescan en los dichos litijios.
ARTICULO XIV. Se conviene igualmente, en que los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, gozen la mas perfecta y entera seguridad de conciencia en los paises sugetos á la jurisdiccion de una ú otra, sin quedar, por ello, espuestos á ser inquietados ó molestados, en razon de su creencia religiosa, mientras que respeten las leyes y usos establecidos. Ademas de esto, podrán sepultarse los cadáveres de los ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que fallecieren en los territorios de la otra, en los cemeterios acostumbrados, ó en otros lugares decentes y adecuados; los cuales serán protegidos, contra toda violacion ó trastorno.
ARTICULO XV. Sera licito á los ciudadanos de la Republica del Ecuador, y de los Estados Unidos de America, navegar con sus buques, con toda seguridad y libertad, de cualquier puerto á las plazas ó lugares de los que son ó fueren en adelante enemigos de cualquiera de las dos partes contratantes, sin hacerse distinccion de quienes son los duenos de las mercancias cargadas en ellos. Sera igualmente licito á los referidos ciudadanos, navegar, con sus buques y mercaderias mencionadas, y traficar con la misma libertad y seguridad, de los lugares, puertos y ensenadas de los enemigos de ambas partes, ó de alguna de ellas, sin ninguna oposicion ó disturbio cualquiera, no soto directamente de los lugares del enemigo arriba mencionados á lugares neutres, sino tambien de un lugar perteneciente a un enemigo, á otro enetnigo, ya sea que esten bajo la jurisdiccion de una potencia, o bajo la de diversas.
Y queda aqui estipulado, que los buques libres dan tambien libertad á las mercaderias, y que se ha de considerar libre y esento, todo to que se hallare á bordo de los buques pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes, aun que toda la carga ó parte de ella pertenezca á enemigos de una ú otra, esceptuando siempre articulos de contrabando de guerra. Se conviene tambien del mismo modo, en que la misma libertad se estienda á las personas que se encuentren á bordo de buques libres, con el fin de que aunque dichas personas sean enemigos de ambas partes ó de alguna de ellas, no deban ser estraidos de los buques libres á menos que sean oficiales ó sold ados en actual servicio de los enemigos: á condicion no obstante, y se conviene aqui en esto, que las estipulaciones contenidas en el presente articulo, declarando que el pabellon cubre la propiedad, se entenderán aplicables solamente á aqtiellas potencias que reconocen este principio; pero si alguna de las dos partes contratantes, estuviere en guerra con una tercera, y la otra permaneciese neutral, la bandera de la neutral cubrirá la propiedad de los enemigos cuyos Gobiernos reconocen este principio, y no de otros.
ARTICULO XVI. Se conviene igualmente que en caso de que la bandera neutral de una de las partes contratantes, proteja las propriedades de los enemigos de la otra, en virtud de to estipulado arriba, debera siempre entenderse, que las propiedades neutrales encontradas á bordo de taies buques enemigos, han de tenerse y considerarse como propiedades enemigas, y como taies estarán sujetas á detencion y confiscacion; esceptuando solamente aquellas propiedades que hubiesen sido puestas á bordo de taies buques antes de la declaracion de la guerra, y aun des- 542 ing parties agree, that six months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof.
On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy’s property, in that case, the goods and merchandises of the neutral, embarked in such enemy’s ship, shall be free. ARTICLE XVII. Contraband specified.This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband: and under this name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended; 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fusees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and grenades; bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms. 2d.
Bucklers, helmets, breastplates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in military form, and for military use. 3d. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture. 4th. And generally, all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or of any other materials, manufactured, prepared, and formed expressly to make war, by sea or land. ARTICLE XVIII. Goods not contraband.All other merchandises and things, not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner, by the citizens of both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are, at that time, besieged Definition of a blockade.or blockaded: and to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of a neutral.
ARTICLE XIX. Contraband only liable to confiscation.The articles of contraband before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy’s port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they may see proper. Vessels delivering up contraband not to be detained.No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas, on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, or of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest couvenient and safe port, for trial and judgment according to law.
ARTICLE XX. In cases of blockade, vessels to be notified but not detained, &c.And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or places belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded or invested, it is agreed that every vessel, so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated; unless, after warning of such blockade or investment, from any officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, they shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. 543 pues, si hubiesen sido embarcadas en dichos buques sin tener noticia da la guerra: y se conviene que pasados seis meses despues de la declaracion, los ciudadanos de una y otra parte no podran alegar que la ignoraban.
Por el contrario, si la bandera neutral no protegiese las propiedades enemigas, enfonces serán libres los efectos y mercaderias de la parte neutral embarcadas en buques enernigos. ARTICULO XVII. Esta libertad de navegacion y comercio se estenderá á todo genero de mercaderias, esceptuando aquellas solamente que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando; y bajo este nombre de contrabando ó efectos prohibidos, se comprenderán. 1°. Canones, morteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos, mosquetes, fusiles, rilles, carabinas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, chuzos, alabardas, y granadas, bombas, pólvora, mechas, balas, con las demas cosas correspondientes al uso de estas armas. 2°.
Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, fornituras, y vestidos hechos, en forma y á usanza mil it ar. 3°. Bandoleras y caballos, junto con sus armas y arneses. 4°. Y generalmente, toda especie de armas é instrumentos de hierro, acero, bronce, cobre, y otras materias cualesquiera, manufacturadas, preparadas y formadas espresamente para hacer la guerra por mar ó tierra. ARTICULO XVIII. Todas las demas mercaderias y efectos no comprendidos en los articulos de contrabando esplicitamente enumerados y clasificados en el articuto anterior, serán tenidos y reputados por libres, y de licito y libre comercio, de modo que ellos puedan ser transportados y llevados de la manera mas libre por los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, aun á los lugares pertenecientes á un enemigo de una ú otra, esceptuando solamente aquellos lugares o plazas que estan al mismo tiempo sitiadas ó bloqueadas, y para evitar toda duda en el particular, se declaran sitiadas ó bloqueadas aquellas plazas que en la actualidad estuviesen atacadas por una fuerza de un beligerante capaz de impedir la entrada del neutral.
ARTICULO XIX. Los articulos de contrabando antes enumerados y clasificados, que se italien en un buque destinado á puerto enemigo, estarán sujetos á detencion y confiscacion, dejando libre el resto del cargamento y el buque para que los dueños puedan disponer de ellos como to crean conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos naciones, sera detenido por tener á bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el maestre, capitan ó sobrecargo de dicho buque, quiera entregar los articulos de contrabando al apresador, á raenos que la cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande y de tanto volúmen que no puedan scr recibidos á bordo del buque apresador sin grandes inconvenientes; pero en este, como en todos los otros casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido sera enviado al puerto mas inmediato, comodo y seguro, para ser juzgado y sentenciado conforme á las leyes.
ARTICULO XX. Y por cuanto frecuentemcnte sucede que los buques navegan para un puerto ó lugar perteneciente á un enemigo, sin saber que aquel esté sitiado, bloqueado ó investido, se conviene en que todo buque en estas circunstancias se pueda hacer volver de dicho puerto ó lugar, pero no sera detenido ni confiscado parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; á menos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo ó ataque por cualquier comandante de un buque de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentase otra vez entrát; pero le sera permitido ir á cualquier otro puerto ó lugar que juzgue conveniente.
Ni nin- 544 Vessels entering before blockade, may quit unmolested;Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo; nor, if found therein, after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or And not to be disturbed when found therein.her cargo be liable to confiscation, hut they shall be restored to the owners thereof. ARTICLE XXI.
During a visit at sea, armed vessels to remain out of cannot shot—examination, how to be mode, &c.In order to prevent all kinds of disorder, in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties, on the high seas, they have agreed, mutually, that, whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send its boats, with two or three men only, in order to execute the said examination of the papers, concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible, with their persons and property: for which purpose, the commanders of the said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit; and it is expressly agreed, that the neutral party shall, in no case, be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting his papers, or for any other purpose whatever.
ARTICLE XXII. In case of war, sea-letters, certificates of cargo, &c. to be furnished, showing to whom the property belongs.To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do agree, that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property, and bulk of the ships; as also the name and place of habitation of the master and commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that said ship truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties.
They have likewise agreed, that such ships being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the ship sailed, in the accustomed form: without such requisites said vessels may be detained, to be adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defect shall be proved to be owing to accident, and satisfied or supplied by testimony entirely equivalent.
ARTICLE XXIII. Visiting regulations apply only to vessels without convoy.It is further agreed that the stipulations above expressed, relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply onl^ to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels shall be under convoy, the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, on his word of honor,that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries; and when they are bound to an enemy’s port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient.
ARTICLE XXIV. Prize causes to be tried in the established courts only.It is further agreed that, in all cases, the established courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them; and whenever such tribunals, 545 gun bnque de una de las partes que hay a entrado en semejante puerto ó lugar, antes que estuviese sitiado, bloqueado ó investido por la otra, sera impedido de dejar el tai lugar con su cargamento, ni si fuere hallado alii despues de la rendicion y entrega de semejante lugar, estará el tai buque ó su cargamento sujeto á confiscacion, sino que serán restituidos á sus duenos.
ARTICULO XXI. Para evitar todo genero de desorden en la visita y ecsámen de los buques y cargatnentos de ambas partes contratantes en alta mai, han convenido mutuamente, que siempre que un buque de guerra publico ó particular se encontrase con un neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero permanecerá fuera de tiro de cañon, y podrá mandai su bote con dos ó tres hombres sol ameute, para ejecutar el dicho ecsámen de los papeles concernientes á la propiedad y carga del buque, sin ocasionar la menor estorsion, violencia ó mal tratamiento, por to que los comandantes de dichos buques armados serán responsables con sus personas y bienes; á cuyo efecto los comandantes de buques armados, por cuenta de particulares, estarán obligados antes de entregarseles sus comisiones ó patentes, á dar fianza suficiente para responder de los perjuicios que causen.
Y se ha convenido espresamente, que en ningun caso se ecsigirá á la parte neutral que vaya á bordo del buque ecsaminador con el fin de ecisibir sus papeles, ó para cualquier otro objeto, sea el que fuere. ARTICULO XXII. Para evitar toda clase de vejamen y abuso en el ecsámen de los papeles relatives á la propiedad de los buques pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, han convenido y convienen que en caso de que una de ellas estuviere en guerra, los buques y bajeles pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de la otra, serán provistos con letras de mar ó pasaportes, espresando el nombre, propiedad y tamano del buque, como tambien el nombre y lugar de la residencia del maestre ó comandante, á fin de que se vea que el buque real y verdaderamente pertenece á los ciudadanos de una de las partes; y han convenido igualmente, que estaudo cargados los expresados buques, ademas de las letras de mar ó pasaportes, estarán tambien provistos de certificados, que contengan los por menores del cargamento y el lugar de donde salió el buque, para que asi pueda saberse si hay á su bordo algunos efectos prohibidos ó de contrabando, cuyos certificados serán hechos por los oficiales del lugar de la procedencia del buque en la forma acostumbrada; sin tales requisites el dicho buque puede ser detenido, para ser juzgado por el tribunal competente, y puede ser declarado buena presa á menos que prueben que la falta emana de accidente y satisfagan ó suplan el defecto con testimonios enteramente equivalentes.
ARTICULO XXIII. Se ha convenido ademas, que las cstipulaciones anteriores relativas al ecsámen y visita de buques, se aplicarán solamente á los que navegan sin convoy, y cuando los dichos buques estuviesen bajo de convoy, sera bastante la declaracion verbal del comandante del convoy, bajo su palabra de honor, de que los buques que estan bajo su proteccion pertenecen á la nacion cuya bandera llevan; y cuando se dirijen á un puerto enemigo, que dichos buques no tienen á su bordo articulos de contrabando de guerra.
ARTICULO XXIV. Se ha convenido ademas, que en todos los casos que ocurran, soto los tribunales establecidos para causas de presas en el pais á que las presas sean conducidas tomarán conocimiento de ellas. Y siempre que 546 of either party, shall pronounce judgment against any vessel, or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives, on which the same shall Decree of condemnation to set forth the reasons thereof.have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same.
ARTICLE XXV. Citizens of neither party to engage in the service of an enemy of the other.Whenever one of the contracting parties shall be engaged in war with another state, no citizen of the other contracting party shall accept a commission or letter of marque, for the purpose of assisting or co-operating hostilely with the said enemy, against the said party so at war, under the pain of being considered as a pirate. ARTICLE XXVI. In case of war, merchants allowed time to arrange their business, and transport their effects, &c.If, by any fatality, which cannot be expected, and which God forbid, the two contracting parties should be engaged in a war with each other, they have agreed, and do agree, now for then, that there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other, and the term of one year to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe-conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection, until they arrive at Citizens of other occupations to be protected.the designated port.
The citizens of all other occupations, who may be established in the territories or dominions of the United States and the Republic of Ecuador, shall be respected and maintained in the full enjoyment of their personal liberty and property, unless their particular conduct shall cause them to forfeit this protection, which, in consideration of humanity, the contracting parties engage to give them. ARTICLE XXVII. No confiscations in case of war.Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to the individuals of the other, nor shares, nor moneys which they may have in public funds, nor in public nor private banks, shall ever, in any event of war, or of national difference, be sequestered or confiscated.
ARTICLE XXVIII. Ministers and other public agents to enjoy the same favors as those of the most favored nation.Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding all inequality in relation to their public communications and official intercourse, have agreed, and do agree, to grant to the envoys, ministers and other public agents, the same favors, immunities and exemptions which those of the most favored nation do or shall enjoy; it being understood, that whatever favors, immunities or privileges, the United States of America or the Republic of Ecuador may find it proper to give to the ministers and other public agents of any other power, shall, by the same act, be extended to those of each of the contracting parties.
ARTICLE XXIX. Consuls and vice-consuls admitted into ports open to foreign commerce.To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Republic of Ecuador shall afford in future, to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and admit consuls and vice-consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives and immunities of the consuls and vice-consuls of the most favored nation; each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such consuls and vice-consuls may not seem convenient. 547 semejante tribunal de cualquiera de las partes, pronunciase sentencia contra algun buque, ó efectos ó propiedad reclamada por los ciudadanos de la otra parte, la sentencia ó decreto hará mencion de las razones ó motivos en que aquella se haya fundado, y se entregará sin demora alguna al comandante ó agente de dicho buque, si to solicitase, un testimonio autentico de la sentencia ó decreto, ó de todo el proceso, pagando por él los derechos legales.
ARTICULO XXV. Siempre que una de las partes contratantes estuviere empeñada en guerra con otro estado, ningun ciudadano de la otra parte contratante aceptará una comision ó letra de marca para el objeto de ayudar ó cooperát hostilmente con el dicho etietnigo contra la dicha parte que esté asi en guerra, bajo la pena de ser tratado como pirata. ARTICULO XXVI. Si por alguna fatalidad que no puede esperarse, y que Dios no permita, las dos partes contratantes se viesen emperiadas en guerra una con otra, han convenido y convienen de ahora para entonces, que se concederá el termino de seis meses á los comerciantes residentes en las costas y en los puertos de entrambas, y el termino de un año á los que habitan en el interior, para arreglar sus negocies y transportát sus efectos á donde quieran, dandoles el salvo conducto necesario para ello, que les sirva de suficiente proteccion hasta que lleguen al puerto que designen.
Los ciudadanos de otras ocupaciones que se Italien establecidos en los territorios y dominios de la República del Ecuador, ó de los Estados Unidos, serán respetados y mantenidos en el pleno gozo de su libertad personal y propiedad, á men os que su conducta particular les haga perder esta proteccion, que en consideracion á la humanidad, las partes contratantes se comprometan á prestarles. ARTICULO XXVII. Ni las deudas contraidas por los individuos de una nacion con los individuos de la otra, ni las acciones ó dineros que puedan tener en los fondos publicos ó en los bancos publicos ó privados, serán jamas secuestrados ó confiscados en ningun caso de guerra ó de diferencia nacional.
ARTICULO XXVIII. Deseando ambas partes contratantes evitar toda diferencia relativa á etiqueta en sus comuuiciones y correspondencias diplomaticas, han convenido asi mismo, y convienen en conceder á sus enviados y ministres y otros agentes diplomaticos, los mismos favores, inmunidades y esenciones de que gozan ó gozaren en to venidero los de las naciones mas favorecidas; bien entendido, que cualquier favor, inmunidad ó privelegio que la Republica del Ecuador ó los Estados Unidos de America tengan por conveniente dispensar á los enviados, ministres y agentes diplomaticos de otras potencias, se haga por el mismo hecho estensivo á los de una y otra de las partes contratantes.
ARTICULO XXIX. Para hacer mas efectiva la proteccion que la República del Ecuador y los Estados Unidos darán en adelante á la navegacion y comercio de los ciudadanos de una y otra, se convienen en recibir y admitir consules y vice-consules en todos los puertos abiertos al comercio estrangero, quienes gozarán en ellos de todos los derechos, prerogativas é inmunidades de los consules y vice-consules de la nacion mas favorecida; quedando no estante en libertad cada parte contratante, para esceptuar aquellos puertos y lugares en que la admision y residencia de semejantes consules y vice-consules no parezea conveniente. 548 ARTICLE XXX.
Consuls to exhibit their commissions and obtain exequaturs before they shall be considered as such.In order that the consuls and vice-consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives and immunities which belong to them by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the government to which they are accredited; and, having obtained their *exequatur*, they shall be held and considered as such, by all the authorities, magistrates and inhabitants in the consular district in which they reside.
ARTICLE XXXI. Consuls, &c., exempt from certain taxes.It is likewise agreed that the consuls, their secretaries, officers and persons attached to the service of consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the consul resides, shall be exempted from all kinds of taxes, imposts and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside, are subject; being, in every thing besides, subject Their archives and papers inviolable.to the laws of the respective states.
The archives and papers of the consulates shall be respected inviolably; and, under no pretext whatever, shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them. ARTICLE XXXII. Consuls may require the assistance of the authorities in securing deserters.The said consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country, for the arrest, detention and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country; and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing; proving by an exhibition of the register of the vessel’s or ship’s roll, Mode of proceeding.or other public documents, that those men were part of the said crews, and on this demand, so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused.
Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of said consuls, and may be put Deserters, how to be disposed of.in the public prisons, at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same cause. ARTICLE XXXIII. For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and A consular convention to be formed.navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a consular convention, which shall declare, especially, the powers and immunities of the consuls and vice-consuls of the respective parties.
ARTICLE XXXIV. Construction to be put upon the words, “*most favored nation*.”It is further agreed, that the words, “*most favored nation,*” that occur in this treaty, shall not be so construed as to prevent either of the contracting parties from concluding any treaty or convention with any other nation or state it may think proper, as freely and as fully as Proviso.though said words were not used: *Provided, however*, That notwithstanding any such treaty or convention, the citizens of the United States shall be placed in Ecuador, with respect to navigation and commerce, upon an equal footing with the subjects of Spain and with the citizens of Mexico and of the other Hispano-American States, with which treaties have been, or may be, concluded; and that the citizens of Ecuador shall be entitled to enjoy, in the United States, the same rights and privileges, with respect to navigation and commerce, that the citizens of the United States enjoy, or shall enjoy, in Ecuador. 549 ARTICULO XXX.
Para que los consules y vice-consules de las dos partes contratantes puedan gozar de los derechos, prerogativas é inmunidades que les correspond an por su caracter publico, antes de entrar en el ejercicio de sus funciones, presentarán su comision ó patente, en la forma debida, al Gobierno con quien esten acreditatos, y habiendo obtenido el *exequatur*, serán tenidos y consideraros como taies, por todas las autoridades, magistrados y habitantes del distrito consular en que residan.
ARTICULO XXXI. Se ha convenido igualmente que los consules, sus secretaries, oficiales y personas agregadas al servicio de los consulados, (no siendo estas personas ciudadanos del pais en que el consul reside,) estarán escentos de toda clase de pechos, impuestos y contribuciones, esceptuando aquellos que esten obligados á pagar por razon ce comercio ó propiedad, y á los cuales estan sujetos los ciudadanos y habitantes naturales y estrangeros del pais en que residen, quedando en todo to demas, sujetos á las leyes de los respectivos estados.
Los archivos y papeles de los consulados serán respetados inviolablemente, y bajo ningun pretesto los ocupará magistrado alguno, ni tendrá con ellos ninguna intervencion. ARTICULO XXXII. Los dichos consules tendrán poder de requérir el ausilio de las autoridades locales para la prision, detencion y custodia de los desertores de los buques publicos y particulares, de su pais, y para este objeto se dirijirán á los tribunales, jueces y oficiales competentes, y pedirán los dichos desertores por escrito, probando por una presentacion de los registres de los buques, roi de equipage ú otros documentes publiées, que aquellos hombres, eran parte de las dichas tripulaciones, y á esta demanda asi probada (menos, no ostante, cuando se probase to contrario) no se recusará la entrega.
Semejantes desertores luego que seau arrestados, se pondrán á disposicion de los dichos consules, y pueden ser depositados en las prisiones públicas, á solicited y espensas de los que los reclamen, para ser enviados á los buques á que correspondan o á otros de la misma nacion. Pero sino fueren mandados deutro de dos meses contados desde el dia de su arresto, serán puestos en libertad, y no volverán á ser presos por la misma causa. ARTICULO XXXIII. Para protéger mas efectivamente su comercio y navegacion, las dos partes contratantes se convienen en format luego que las circunstancias to permitan, una convencion consular, que declare mas especialmente los poderes é inmunidades de los consules y vice-consules de las partes respectivas.
ARTICULO XXXIV. Se conviene ademas, que las palabras, “*la nacion mas favorecida*,” que se encuentran en este tratado, no serán entendidas de modo, que impidan á la una ó á la otra, de las partes contratantes, celebrar el tratado ó convenio, con cualquier nacion o estado, que tenga por conveniente, tan libre y estensamente, como si dichas palabras no ecsistiesen; con tal que, no ostante tal tratado ó convenio, los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos, estén puestos, en el Ecuador, con respecto á navegacion y comercio, sobre un pie igual con los subditos de la Espana, y con los ciudadanos de Mejico y de los otros estados Hispano-Americanos, con quienes haya de tratar ó tenga tratados ecsistentes; y que los ciudadanos del Ecuador sean admitidosá gozar, en los Estados Unidos, de los mismos derechos y privilégies, respecto de navegacion y comercio, que gozan ó gozaren los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos en el Ecuador. 550 ARTICLE XXXV.
Points agreed upon as to the duration of this treaty.The United States of America and the Republic of Ecuador, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties, by virtue of this treaty of peace, amity, commerce and navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points: 1st. To remain in force 12 years. &c.The present treaty shall remain in full force and virtue for the term of twelve years, to be counted from the day of exchange of the ratifications, and further, until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of said term of twelve years:
And it is hereby agreed between them, that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either, from the other party, this treaty, in all its parts relative to commerce and navigation, shall altogether cease and determine, and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be perpetually and permanently binding on both powers. 2d. Citizens personally responsible for infringing this article.If any one or more of the citizens of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this treaty, such citizen shall be held personally responsible for the same, and harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be interrupted thereby, each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3d.
Reprisals not to be authorized, nor war declared, until justice has been demanded and refused, or unreasonably delayed.If (what indeed cannot be expected) unfortunately, any of the articles contained in the present treaty, shall be violated or infringed in any way whatever, it is expressly stipulated, that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorize any act of reprisal, nor declare war against the other on complaints of injuries or damages, until the said party considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other, a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proofs, and demanded justice, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. 4th.
Treaties with other powers not contravened by this.Nothing in this treaty shall, however, be construed or operate contrary to former and existing public treaties with other sovereigns and states. This treaty to be ratified and the ratifications to be exchanged, within 3 years.The present treaty of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation, shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the President of the Republic of Ecuador, with the consent and approbation of the Congress of the same; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city of Quito, within three years, to be counted from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner, if possible.
In faith whereof, we, the plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Republic of Ecuador, have signed and sealed these presents. Signed 13th June, 1839.Done in the city of Quito, on the thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, and in the sixty-third year of the Independence of the United States of America and the twenty-ninth of that of the Republic of Ecuador. J. C. PICKETT, [l. s.] LUIS DE SAÁ, [l. s.] 551 ARTICUTO XXXV.
La Republica del Ecuador y los Estados Unidos de America, deseando hacer tan duraderas y firmes como las circunstancias lo permitan, las relacionas que han de establecerse entre las dos potencias en virtud del presente tratado de paz, amistad, navegacion y comercio, han declarado solemnemente, y convienen en los puntos siguientes: 1°. Et presente tratado permanecerá en su fuerza y vigor por el termine de doce años, contados desde el dia del cange de las ratificaciones, y ademas hasta un ano despues que cualquiera de las partes contratantes haya notificado á la otra su intencion de terminarlo; reservandose las partes contratantes el derecho de hacer tal notificacion la una á la otra al fin de dicho termino de doce años.
Y ademas se ha convenido que este tratado, en todo to relativo á comercio y navegacion, quedará sin efecto transcurrido que sea un ano despues de recibida dicha notificacion por cualquiera de las dos partes, y en todo to relativo á paz y amistad, sera perpetuamente obligatorio á ambos poderes. 2°. Si alguno ó algunos de los ciudadanos de una ú otra parte infringiesen algunos de los articulos contenidos en el presente tratado, dichos ciudadanos serán personalmente responsables, sin queporestose interrompe la armonia y buena correspondcncia entre las dos naciones, comprometiendose cada una á no protejer de modo alguno al ofensor, ó sancionar semejante violacion. 3°.
Si, (to que á la verdad no puede esperarse,) desgraciadamente algunos de los articulos-o contenidos en el presente tratado fuesen en alguna otra manera violados ó infringidos, se estipula espresamente que ninguna de las dos partes contratantes ordenará ó autorizará ningunos actos de represalia, ni declararará la guerra contra la otra, por quejas de injurias 6 daños, hasta que la parte que se crea ofendida, haya presentado á la otra una esposicion de aquellas injurias ó daños, verificada con pruebas y testimonies suficientes, ecsigiendo justicia y satisfaccion, y esto haya sido negado o diferido sin razon. 4°.
Nada de cuanto se contiene en el presente tratado, se construira sin embargo, ni obrará en contra de otros tratados publicos anteriores, ecsistentes con otros soberanos ó estados. El presente tratado de paz, amistad, comercio, y navegaeion sera ratificado por el Presidente ó Vice Presidente de la República del Ecuador, encargado del poder ejecutivo, con consentimiento y nprobacion del Congreso de la misma, y por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, con consejo y aprobacion del Senado de los mismos; y las ratificaciones serán cangeadas en la ciudad de Quito dentro de tres años contados desde este dia, ó antes si fuere posible.
En fe de to cual, nosotros los plenipotenciaros de la Republica del Ecuador y de los Estados Unidos de America, hemos firmado y setlado ]as presentes. Dadas en la ciudad de Quito, el dia trece de Junio del año del Senor, mil ochocientos treinta y nueve, vigesimo nono de la Yndependencia de la Republica del Ecuador y sexagesimo tercero de la de los Estados Unidos de America. LUIS DE SAÁ, [l. s.] J. C. PICKETT, [l. s.] May 20, 1840 Treaty
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