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Code · STATUTES-AT-LARGE · Vol. 8 STAT. · May 7, 1830 · Treaty

Treaty.

26,330 words·~120 min read·/statutes-at-large/vol-8/treaty-p408·

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8 Stat. 408 TREATY WITH THE OTTOMAN PORTE. (*a*) (*a*) Translation from the original Turkish of the treaty concluded between the United States and the Ottoman Porte.May 7, 1830.Ratified Feb. 2, 1831. Proclamation of the President of the United States, Feb. 4, 1832. Motives to treaty. The object of this firm instrument, and the motive of this writing well drawn up, is, that— No treaty or diplomatic and official convention, having, heretofore, existed, between the Sublime Porte, of perpetual duration, and the United States of America; at this time, in consideration of the desire formerly expressed, and of repeated propositions which have lately been renewed by that power, and in consequence of the wish entertained by the Sublime Porte to testify to the United States of America, its sentiments of friendship,—We, the Undersigned, Commissioners, invested with the high office of Chief of the Chancery of State of the Sublime Porte, existing forever, having been permitted by His very Noble Imperial Majesty to negotiate and conclude a treaty, and having thereupon conferred with our friend, the honorable Charles Rhind, who has come to this Imperial Residence, furnished with full powers to negotiate, settle, and conclude, the articles of a treaty, separately and jointly with the other two Commissioners, Commodore Biddle and David Offley, now at Smyrna, have arranged, agreed upon and concluded, the following articles:
Merchants of the parties put, as to duties, on the fooling of the most favored nation. Article I. Merchants of the Sublime Porte, whether Musselmans or Rayahs, going and coming, in the countries, provinces, and ports, of the United States of America, or proceeding from one port to another, or from the ports of the United States to those of other countries, shall pay the same duties and other imposts that are paid by the most favored nations; and they shall not be vexed by the exaction of higher duties; and in travelling by sea and by land, all the privileges and distinctions observed towards the subjects of other Powers, shall serve as a rule, and shall be observed towards the merchants and subjects of the Sublime Porte.
In like manner, American merchants who shall come to the well defended countries and ports of the Sublime Porte, shall pay the same duties and other imposts, that are paid by merchants of the most favored friendly Powers, and they shall not, in any way, be vexed or molested. On both sides, travelling passports shall be granted. Consuls. Article II. The Sublime Porte may establish *Shahbenders* (Consuls) in the United States of America; and the United States may appoint their citizens to be Consuls or Vice Consuls, at the commercial places in the dominions of the Sublime Porte, where it shall be found needful to superintend the affairs of commerce.
These Consuls or Vice Consuls shall be furnished with *Berats* or *Firmans*; they shall enjoy suitable distinction, and shall have necessary aid and protection. Employment of brokers. Article III. American merchants established in the well defended States of the Sublime Porte, for purposes of commerce, shall hare liberty to employ *Semsars* (brokers) of any nation or religion, in like manner as merchants of other friendly Powers; and they shall not be disturbed in their affairs, nor shall they be treated, in any way, contrary Visit of American vessels.to established usages.
American vessels arriving at, or departing from, the ports of the Ottoman Empire, shall not be subjected to greater visit, by the officers of the custom-house and the Chancery of the Port, than vessels of the most favored nations. 408 409 Article IV. If litigations and disputes should arise between the Settlement of disputes between Ottoman subjects, &c.subjects of the Sublime Porte and citizens of the United States, the parties shall not be heard, nor shall judgment be pronounced unless the American Dragoman be present.
Causes in which the sum may exceed five hundred piastres, shall be submitted to the Sublime Porte, to be decided according to the laws of equity and justice. Citizens of the United States of America, quietly pursuing their commerce, and not Jurisdiction over American citizens.being charged or convicted of any crime or offence, shall not be molested; and even when they may have committed some offence they shall not be arrested and put in prison, by the local authorities, but they shall be tried by their Minister or Consul, and punished according to their offence, following, in this respect, the usage observed towards other Franks.
Article V. American merchant vessels that trade to the dominions U. S. flag to be respected; not to be lent to others, &c.of the Sublime Porte, may go and come in perfect safety with their own flag; but they shall not take the flag of any other Power, nor shall they grant their flag to the vessels of other nations and Powers, nor to vessels of rayahs. The Minister, Consuls, and Vice Consuls of the United States, shall not protect, secretly or publicly, the rayahs of the Sublime Porte, and they shall never suffer a departure from the principles here laid down and agreed to by mutual consent.
Article VI. Vessels of war of the two contracting Parties, shall Vessels of war shall exhibit towards each other, &c.observe towards each other, demonstrations of friendship and good intelligence, according to naval usage; and towards merchant vessels they shall exhibit the same kind and courteous manner. Article VII. Merchant vessels of the United States, in like manner Passage of the Dardanelles.as vessels of the most favored nations, shall have liberty to pass the Canal of the Imperial Residence, and go and come in the Black Sea, either laden or in ballast; and they may be laden with the produce, manufactures and effects, of the Ottoman Empire, excepting such as are prohibited, as well as of their own country.
Article VIII. Merchant vessels of the two contracting parties shall Ships not to be impressed.not be forcibly taken, for the shipment of troops, munitions and other objects of war, if the Captains or proprietors of the vessels, shall be un willing to freight them. Article IX. If any merchant vessel of either of the contracting Wrecks.parties, should be wrecked, assistance and protection shall be afforded to those of the crew that may be saved; and the merchandise and effects, which it may be possible to save and recover, shall be conveyed to the Consul, nearest to the place of the wreck, to be, by him, delivered to the proprietors.
CONCLUSION. The foregoing articles, agreed upon and concluded, between the Exchange of ratifications.Riasset (Chancery of State,) and the above mentioned Commissioner of the United States, when signed by the other two Commissioners, shall be exchanged. In ten months from the date of this *Temessuck,* or instrument of treaty, the exchange of the ratifications of the two Powers shall be made, and the articles of this treaty shall have full force and be strictly observed by the two Contracting Powers.
Given the fourteenth day of the moon Zilcaade, and in the year of the Hegira, 1245, corresponding with the seventh day of May, of the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty of the Christian Æra. (Signed) MOHAMMED HAMED, *Reis-ul-Kutab (Reis Effendi).* April 5, 1831 Treaty 8 Stat. 410 A TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION April 5, 1831.Ratifications exchanged, April 5, 1832.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., April 5, 1832.*Between the United States of America and the United Mexican States.* The United States of America and the United Mexican States desiring to establish upon a firm basis the relations of friendship that so happily subsist between the two Republics, have determined to fix in a clear and positive manner the rules which shall in future be religiously observed between both, by means of a treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation.
For which important object, the President of the United States of America has appointed Anthony Butler, a citizen of the United States, and Chargé d’Affaires of the United States of America near the United Mexican States, with full powers; and the Vice-President of the United Mexican States, in the exercise of the Executive power, having conferred like full powers on his Excellency Lucas Alaman, Secretary of State for Home and Foreign Affairs, and his Excellency Raphael Mangino, Secretary of the Treasury; and the aforesaid Plenipotentiaries, after having compared and exchanged in due form their several powers as aforesaid, have agreed upon the following articles:
Peace and friendship. Article I. There shall be a firm, inviolable, and universal peace, and a true and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the United Mexican States in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens respectively, without distinction of persons or places. Footing of most favored nations secured to the parties. Article II. The United States of America and the United Mexican States, designing to take for the basis of their agreement the most perfect equality and reciprocity, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party; who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or upon the same conditions, if the concession was conditional.
Entry into ports. Article III. The citizens of the two countries respectively shall have liberty, freely and securely to come with their vessels and cargoes to all such places, ports, and rivers of the United States of America and of the United Mexican States, to which other foreigners are permitted to come; to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively; also, to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce, and to trade therein, in all sorts of produce, manufactures, and merchandize; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce.
And they shall not pay higher or other duties, imposts, or fees whatsoever, than those which the most favored nations are or may be obliged to pay; and shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions, with respect to navigation and commerce, which the citizens of the most favored nation do or may enjoy; but subject always to the laws, usages, and statutes of the two countries respectively. 410 TRATADO DE AMISTAD, COMERCIO, Y NAVEGACION *Entre los Estados Unidos de America y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.* Los Estados Unidos de America y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos deseosos de afirmar sobre bases solidas las relaciones de amistad y comercio que felizmente ecsisten entre ambas Republie as, han resuelto fijar de una manera clara y positiva las reglas que han de observarse en lo succesivo religiosamente entre ambas, por medio de un tratado de Amistad, Comercio, y Navegacion.
Para cuyo importante objeto, el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America ha conferido plenos poderes al ciudadano de los mismos Estados Antonio Butler, Encargado de Negocios cerca de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; y el Vice-Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en ejercicio del poder Ejecutivo al Ecselentisimo Señor Don Lucas Alaman, Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Relaciones Esteriores é Interiores, y al ecselentisimo Señor Don Rafael Mangino, Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Hacienda; los cuales, despues de haber cambiado sus plenos poderes, han convenido en los articules siguientes:
Articulo I. Habrá una firme, inviolable y universal paz, y una sincera y verdadera amistad entre los Estados Unidos de America y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos en toda la estension de sus posesiones y territorios, y entre sus pueblos y ciudadanos, respectivamente, sin distincion de personas ó lugares. Articulo II. Los Estados Unidos de America y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, deseando tomar por base de este convenio la mas perfecta igualdad y reciprocidad, se comprometen mutuamente á no conceder ningun favor particular á otras naciones, en lo respective á comercio y navegacion, que no venga á ser inmediatamente comun á la otra parte; la cual doberá gozarlo libremente, si la concecion fué hacha libremente ó bajo las mismas condiciones, si la concesion fuese condicional.
Articulo III. Los ciudadanos de los dos paises respectivamente, tendrán libertad, franquicia y seguridad para ir con sus buques y cargamentos á todas las plazas, puertos, y rios de los Estados Unidos de America y de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, á los que á otros estrangeros es permitido ir, entrar y permanecer en cualquiera parte de los dichos territorios respectivamente; asi como arrendar y ocupar casas y almacenes para los fines de su comercio, y comerciar en ellos eu toda clase de productos, manufacturas y mercancias; y en general, los comerciantes y négociantes de cada nacion, gozarán la mas compléta proteccion y seguridad para su comercio.
Y no pagarán otros ni mas altos derechos impuestos ó emolumentos, cualquiera que scan, que los que esten ó estuvieren obligadas á pagar las naciones mas favorecidas; y gozarán todos los derechos, privilegios, y ecseuciones, con respecto á la navegacion y comercio, que los ciudadanos de la nacion mas favorecida gozen ó gozaren; pero sugetos siempre á las leyes, usos y estatutos de las dos naciones respectivamente. 411 412 Coasting trade excepted. The liberty to enter and discharge the vessels of both nations of which this article treats, shall not be understood to authorize the coasting trade, which is permitted to National vessels only.
Duties on productions of the parties. Article IV. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United Mexican States of any article, the produce, growth, or manufacture of the United States of America, than those which the same or like articles, the produce, growth, or manufacture of any other foreign country do now or may hereafter pay; nor shall articles, the produce, growth, or manufacture of the United Mexican States, be subject on their introduction into the United States of America, to higher or other duties than those which the same or like articles of any other foreign country do now or may hereafter pay.
Export duties and prohibitions. Higher duties shall not be imposed in the respective States on the exportation of any article to the States of the other contracting Party, than those which are now or may hereafter be paid on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be established on the exportation or importation of any article, the produce, growth, or manufacture of the United States of America, or of the United Mexican States respectively, in either of them, which shall not in like manner be established with respect to other foreign countries.
Tonnage duties, &c. the same in vessels of either party. Article V. No higher or other duties or charges on account of tonnage, light or harbor dues, pilotage, salvage in case of damage or shipwreck, or any other local charges, shall be imposed, in any of the ports of Mexico on vessels of the United States of America, than those payable in the same ports by Mexican vessels; nor in the ports of the United States of America, on Mexican vessels, than shall be payable in the same ports on vessels of the United States of America.
Import duties. Article VI. The same duties shall be paid on the importation into the United Mexican States, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States of America, whether such importation shall be in Mexican vessels or in vessels of the United States of America; and the same duties shall be paid on the importation into the United States of America, of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of Mexico, whether such importation shall be in vessels of the Export duties, bounties, and drawbacks.United States of America or in Mexican vessels.
The same duties shaft be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation to Mexico of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States of America, whether such exportation shall be in Mexican vessels or in vessels of the United States of America; and the same duties shaft be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of Mexico, to the United States of America, whether such exportation shall be in vessels of the United States of America or in Mexican vessels.
Merchants, &c. put on the same footing in the ports of either party. Article VII. All merchants, captains, or commanders of vessels, and other citizens of the United States of America, shaft have full liberty in the United Mexican States to direct or manage themselves, their own affairs, or to commit them to the management of whomsoever they may think proper, either as broker, factor, agent, or interpreter; nor shaft they be obliged to employ for the aforesaid purposes any other persons than those employed by Mexicans, nor to pay them higher salaries or remuneration than such as are in like cases paid by Mexicans: and 413 La libertad de entrar y descargar los buques de ambas naciones de que habla este articulo, no se entenderá que autoriza el comercio de escala y cabotaje permitido solameute á los buques Nacionales.
Articulo IV. No se impondrán otros ni mayores derechos á la importacion en los Estados Unidos de America de articulo alguno de producto natural, ó manufactura, de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que los que pagan, ó en adelante pagaren, los mismos ó semejantes articulos de producto natural ó manufactura de cualquiera otro pais estrangero. Los articulos de producto natural ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos de America, no estarán sugetos en su introduccion en ios Estados Unidos Mexicanos, á otros ni mas altos derechos que aquellos que los mismos ó semejantes articulos de cualquiera otro pais estrangero paguen ahora ó puedan pagar en adelante.
No se impondrán mayores derechos en los Estados respectives, á la esportacion de articulo alguno á los Estados de la otra Parte contratante que los que ahora ó despues sean pagados en la esportacion de los mismos articulos áalgun otro pais estrangero; ni ninguna prohibicion serti establecida en la esportacion ó importacion de cualquier articulo, producto natural ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos de America ó los Estados Unidos Mexicanos respectivamente, en alguno de ellos, que del mismo modo no se establesca igualmente con respecta á otros paises estrangeros.
Articulo V. No se impondrán otros ni mas altos derechos ni cargas, por razon de toneladas, fanal, emolumentos de puerto, practice, derechos de salvamento en caso de perdida ó naufragio, ni ningunas otras cargas locales, eu ninguno de los puertos de los Estados Unidos de America, á los buques de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, sino los que unicamente pagan en los mismos puertos los buques de los Estados Unidos de America; ni en los puertos de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos se impondrán á los buques de los Estados Unidos de America otras cargas que las que en los mismos puertos paguen los buques Mexicanos.
Articulo VI. Se pagarán los mismos derechos de importacion en los Estados Unidos de America, por los articulos de productos naturales y manufacturas de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, bien sean importados en buques de los Estados Unidos de America ó en buques Mexicanos; y los mismos derechos se pagarán por la importacion en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de cualquiera articulo de producto natural ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos de America, sea que su importacion se verifique en buques Mexicanos ó de los Estados Unidos de America.
Los mismos derechos pagarán, y gozarán las mismas franquicias y descuentos concedidos á la esportacion á Mexico de cualquiera articulos de los productos naturales ó manufacturas de los Estados Unidos de America, sea que la exportacion se haga en buques Mexicanos ó en buques de los Estados Unidos de America, y los mismos derechos se pagarán ye se concederán las mismas franquicias y descuentos á la esportacion de cualquiera articulos de producto natural ó manufactura de Mexico á los Estados Unidos de America, sea que la esportacion se haga en buques de los Estados Unidos de America ó en buques Mexicanos.
Articulo VII. Todo comerciante, comandante de buque, y otros ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America gozarán de libertad compléta en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos para dirijir ó girar por si sus propios negocios ó para encargar su mauejo aquien mejor les parezca, sea corredor, factor, agente ó interprete; y no se les obligará á emplear para estos objetos á ningunas otras personas que aquellas que se emplean por los Mejicanos, ni estarán obligados á pagarles mas salario ó remuneracion que la que en semejantes Casos pagan los Mejicanos, y se concederá libertad 414 absolute freedom shall be allowed in all cases to the buyer and seller to bargain and fix the prices of any goods, wares, or merchandise imported into, or exported from, the United Mexican States, as they may think proper; observing the laws, usages, and customs of the country.
The citizens of Mexico shall enjoy the same privileges in the States and Territories of the United States of America, being subject to the same conditions. Embargo, detention; compensation for. Article VIII. The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor shall their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, or effects, be detained for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatsoever, without a corresponding compensation. Citizens exempted from service, &c.
Article IX. The citizens of both countries, respectively, shall be exempt from compulsory service in the army or navy; nor shall they be subjected to any other charges, or contributions, or taxes, than such as are paid by the citizens of the States in which they reside. Citizens seeking refuge in the harbors, &c. Article X. Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments in order to avoid fraud, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their vessels, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hindrance of any kind.
Delivery of vessels, &c. captured by pirates. Article XI. All vessels, merchandise, or effects, belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction, or on the high seas, and may be carried into or found in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due and proper form, their rights before the competent tribunal; it being well understood that the claim shall be made within one year, counting from the capture of said vessels or merchandise, by the parties themselves, or their attorneys, or by the agents of the respective Governments.
Shipwrecks, &c. Article XII. When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to it all the assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens; permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise effects, with the precautions which may be deemed expedient on the part of the respective Governments, in order to avoid fraud, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, until I they be exported.
Succession to personal estate, and disposal thereof. Article XIII. In whatever relates to the succession of [personal] estates, either by will or *ab intestato* [and the right of] disposal of such property, of whatever sort or denomination it may be, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, the citizens of the two contracting parties shall enjoy, in their respective States and Territories, the same privileges, exemptions, liberties, and rights, as native citizens; and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with other or higher duties or imposts, than those which are now, or may 415 absoluta en todos los casos al comprador ó vendedor para ajustar y fijar el precio de cualesquiera efectos, articulos ó mercancias importadas ó esportadas de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, como lo crean conveniente; observando las leyes, usos y costumbres establecidas eu el pais.
Los ciudadanos de Mexico gozarán los mismos privilegies en los Estados y Territorios de los Estados Unidos de America, quedando sugetos á las mismas condiciones. Articulo VIII. Los ciudadanos de las partes contratantes no estarán sugetos á embargo, ni sus buques, cargamentos, mercancias ó efectos serán detenidos para ninguna espedicion militar, ni para ningun otro objeto público ó privado, cualquiera que sea, sin una compensacion correspondiente. Articulo IX. Los ciudadanos de ambos paises respectivamente, estarán ecsentos de todo servicio militar forzoso en el ejercito ó armada; ni estarán sugetos á ningunas otras cargas, contribuciones ó impuestos, que aquellas que son pagadas por los ciudadanos de los Estados en que residen.
Articulo X. Siempre que los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes se vean precisados à buscar refugio ó asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra con sus buques, ya sean mercantes, ó de guerra, ó armados en corso, á causa de un temporal persecucion de piratas ó enemigos, serán recibidos y tratados con humanidad, previas las precauciones que se juzgen convenientes por parte del respective Gobierno para evitar el fraude, concediendoles todo favor y proteccion para reparar sus buques, procurar provisiones y ponerse en estado de continuar su viaje, sin obstaculo ó impedimento de ninguna clase Articulo XI.
Todo buque, mercancia y efectos, pertenccientes á ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, ya sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion ó en alta mar, y que fueren conducidos ó encontrados en los rios, bahias, puertos ó dominios de la otra, serán entregados á sus dueños, provando estos en debida forma sus derechos ante el tribunal competente; bien entendido que el reclamo deberá hacerse dentro del termino de un año cotitado desde la captura de dichos buques ó mercancias, por los mismos interesados, sus apoderados ó por los agentes de sus Gobiernos respectivos.
Articulo XII. Cuando algun buque perteneciente á ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, vaya á pique, ó sufra cualquiera averia, en las costas ó dentro de los dominios de la otra, se le dispensará toda la asistencia y proteccion, del mismo modo que es de uso y costumbre con los buques de la nacion en que acontece el daño; permitiendoles descargar las mercancias y efectos del mismo buque si fuere necesario con las precauciones que se estimen convenientes por parte de los Gobiernos respectivos, para evitar el fraude, sin ecsigir por ello ningun impuesto ó contribucion cualquiera que sean, hasta que sean esportadas.
Articulo XIII. Por lo que toca á la sucesion de las propiedades personales por testamento ó ab-intestato, y al derecho de disponer de la propiedad personal de cualquiera clase ó denominacion, por venta, donacion, permuta ó testamento, ó de otro modo cualquiera los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes gozarán en sus respectivos Estados y Territorios los mismos privilegios, ecsenciones, libertades y derechos que si fueran ciudadanos nativos; y no se les cargará en ninguno de estos puntos ó casos, mayores impuestos ó derechos que los que pagan ó en 416 hereafter be paid by the citizens of the Power in whose territories they may reside.
Persons end property to be protected. Article XIV. Both the contracting parties promise and engage to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of ail occupations, who may be in their territories, subject to the jurisdiction of the one or of the other, transient or dwelling therein; leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and the citizens of either party, or their agents, shall enjoy, in every respect, the same rights and privileges, either in prosecuting or defending their rights of person or of property, as the citizens of the country where the cause may be tried.
Security as to religion in Mexico. Article XV. The citizens of the United States of America, residing in the United Mexican States, shall enjoy in their houses, persons, and properties, the protection of the Government, with the most perfect security and liberty of conscience: they shall not be disturbed or molested, in any manner, on account of their religion, so long as they respect the Constitution, the laws, and established usages of the country where they reside; and they shall also enjoy the privilege of burying the dead in places which now are, or may hereafter be assigned for that purpose; nor shall the funerals or sepulchres of the dead be disturbed in any manner, nor under any pretext.
In the United States. The citizens of the United Mexican States shall enjoy, throughout all the States and Territories of the United States of America, the same protection; and shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, in public or in private, either within their own houses, or in the chapels or places of worship set apart for that purpose. Security to vessels sailing to and from an enemy’s port. Article XVI. It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America, and of the United Mexican States respectively, to sail with their vessels with all manner of security and liberty, no distinction being made who are the owners of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are, or may hereafter be at enmity with the United States of America, or with the United Mexican States.
It shall likewise be lawful for the aforesaid citizens respectively to sail with their vessels and merchandise, before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the same Government or under Free ship, free goods.several; and it is hereby stipulated that free ships shall also give freedom to goods; and that every thing shall be deemed free and exempt which shall be found on board the vessels belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading or any part thereof should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being Free ship, free persons.always excepted.
It is also agreed that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free vessel, so that, although they be enemies to either party, they shall not be made prisoners, or taken out of that free vessel, unless they are soldiers, and in the actual service of the Limitation of the principle.enemy. By the stipulation that the flag shall cover the property, the two contracting parties agree that this shall be so understood with respect to those powers who recognise this principle; but if either of the 417 adelante p agar en los ciudad anos natives de la Potencia en cuyo territorio residan.
Articulo XIV. Ambas partes contratantes prometen y formalmente se obligan á conceder su especial proteccion á las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una de el las, en todas clases que puedan ecsistir en sus territories sugetos á la jurisdiccion de la una ó de la otra, transeuntes ó radicados en ellos; dejandoles abiertos y libres los tribunales de justicia para sus recursos jtidiciales, de la misma manera que es uso y costumbre con los nacionales ó ciudadanos del pais en que residan; á cuyo efecto podrán emplear en defensa de sus derechos, los abogados, procuradores, escrivanos, agentes y factores que juzgen á proposito eu todos sus juicios: y dichos ciudadanos ó sus agentes goza rán en todo, los mismos derechos y privilegios en la prosecucion ó de fensa de sus personas ó propiedades que disfrutan los ciudadanos del pais eu donde la causa sea seguida.
Articulo XV. Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America residentes en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, gozarán en sus casas, personas y propiedades, de la proteccion del Gobiernoy continuando en la posesion en que están; no serán alterados, inquietados ni molestados, de ninguna manera por motives de su religion, con tal que respeten la de la nacion en que residan, y la Constitucion, ley es, usos y costumbres de esta; asi mismo continuarán en la facultad de que gozan para enterrar en los lugares señalados ó que en adelante se senalareu á este objeto, á los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America que mueran en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; y los funerales y sepulcros de los muertos no serán turbados de modo alguno, ni por ningun pretesto.
Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos gozarán en todos los Estados y Territorios de los Estados Unidos de America, de la misma proteccion; y podrán ejercer libremente su religion en público ó enprivado dentro de sus casas ó en los templos y lugares destinados al culto. Articulo XVI. Será permitido á todos y cada uno de los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America, y de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos poder navegar libre y seguramente con sus embarcaciones sin que haya la menor escepeion por este respecto aunque los propietarios de las mercaderias cargadas en dichas embarcaciones procedan de cualquiera puerto, y sean destinadas á cualquiera plaza de una potencia euemiga, ó que lo sea despues, asi de los Estados Unidos de America, como de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.
Se permitirá igualmente á los ciudadanos respectivamente navegar con sus buques y mercaderias y frecuentar con igual libertad y seguridad las plazas y puertos en las potencias enemigas de las partes contratantes, ó de una de ellas, sin oposicion ú obstaculo, y de comerciar no solo desde los puertos de dicho enemigo, á un puerto neutro directamente, sino tambien desde un enemigo á otro tal, bien se encuentre bajo su jurisdiccion, ó bajo las de muchos; y se estipula tambien que los buques libres asegurarán igualmente la libertad de las mercancias; y que se juzgarán libres todos los efectos que se hallasen á bordo de los buques que perleneciesen á ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, aun cuando el cargamento por entero, ó parte de él fuese de los enemigos de una de las dos, bien entendido sin embargo que el contrabando se esceptua siempre.
Se há convenido asi mismo que la propia libertad gozarán los sugetos que puedan encontrarse á bordo del buque libre, aun cuando fuesen enemigos de una de las dos partes contratantes; y por lo tanto no se podrá hacerlos prisioneros ni separarlos de dichos buques, á menos que sean militares, y estén á la sazon empleados en el servicio del enemigo. Por la estipulacion de que la bandera cubre la propiedad, han convenido las dos partes con- 418 two contracting parties shall be at war with a third party, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose Governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others.
Where neutral flag prelects enemy’s property, &c. Article XVII. It is likewise agreed that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemies’ vessels shall be held and considered as enemies’ property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards if it were done without the knowledge of it: but the contracting parties agree that four months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof; on the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy’s property, in that case the goods and merchandises embarked in such enemy’s vessel shall be free.
Contraband goods excepted and defined. Article XVIII. This liberty of commerce and navigation shall extend to all kinds of merchandise, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband; and under this name of contraband or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended, first, cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fusees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberts; and granades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms: secondly, bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in a military form, and for a military use; thirdly, cavalry belts and horses with their furniture; fourthly, and generally, all kinds of arms, and instruments of iron, steel, brass and copper or of any other materials manufactured, prepared and formed expressly to make war by sea or land.
Blockade, what. Article XIX. All other merchandise and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband expressly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blockaded; and to avoid all doubt in that particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded, which are actually besieged or blockaded by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral.
Contraband liable to confiscation. Article XX. The articles of contraband before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy’s port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the vessel, that the owners may dispose of them as they Vessel not to be detained, unless, &c.see proper. No vessels of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great and of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing vessel without great inconvenience; but in this, and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port for trial and judgment, according to law.
Notice of blockade. Article XXI. And, whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy without knowing that the 419 tratantes en que esta se entiende asi respecto de aquellas potencias que reconozcan este principio; pero que si una de las dos partes contratantes estubiese en guerra con una tercera, y laotra neutral, la bandera de esta neutral cubrirà la propiedad de los enemigos cuyo Gobierno reconozca este principio, y no de otros. Articulo XVII.
Se conviene tambien que en caso de que el pavellon neutral de una de las partes contrat an tes proteja la propiedad de los enemigos de la otra en virtud de la referida estipulacion, se entenderá siempre que la propiedad neutral encontrada á bordo de los referidos buques enemigos se tendrá y considerará como propiedad enemiga, y como tal estará sugeta á detencion y confiscation, escepto aquella propiedad que haya sido embarcada en tal buque antes de declaration de guerra, y aun despues si se há hecho sin noticia de tal declaracion; pero las partes contratantes convienen en que cuatro meses despues de la declaration, sus ciudadanos no alegarán ignorancia; al contrario, si el pavellon del buque neutral no proteje la propiedad enemiga, en este caso los efectos y mercancias del neutral embarcados en tal buque enemigo serán libres.
Articulo XVIII. Esta libertad de navegacion y comercio será estensiva á todo genero de mercancias esceptuando solamente las que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando; y bajo esta calificacion ó la de efectos prohibidos se comprenderán, primero, cañones, morteros, obuses, pedreros, trabucos, fusiles, escopetas, carabinas, comunes y rayadas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, arpones, alabardas y granadas, bombas, polvora, mechas, balas y otras cosas que pertenecen á el uso de armas: segundo, escudos, yelmos, petos, cotas de maya, cinturones de infanteria, y uniformes ó vestidos propios para la tropa; tercero, cinturones de caballeria y caballos con sus arneces; cuarto, y generalmente toda clase de armas é instrumentes en hierro, acero, bronce y cobre ú otros materiales manufacturados, preparados y formados a proposito para hacer la guerra por mar ó por tierra.
Articulo XIX. Cualesquiera otras mercancias y cosas no comprendidas en. los articules en contrabando enumerados y clasificados esplicitamente como queda dicho, se tendrán y considerarán libres, y de libre y legal comercio, de modo que podrán llevarse y transportarse de la manera mas libre por ambas partes contratantes aun á parages pertenecientes á enemigos, esceptuando solo aquellos que á la sazon estubiesen sitiados ó bloqueados; y para evitar toda duda en este particular, se declara que solo se considerarán bloqueados ó sitiados aquellos puntos que se hallen sitiados ó bloqueados por una fuerza beligerante capaz de impedir la entrada á los neutrales.
Articulo XX. Los articulos de contrabando enumerados y clasificados arriba que se encuentren en un buque que navega para puerto enemigo, estarán sugetos á detencion y confiscation, dejando libre el resto del cargamento y el buque para que los duetios dispongan lo que les paresca. Ningun buque de ambas naciones será detenido en alta mar por conducir á bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el dueño, capitan ó sobrecargo de! referido buque los entregne al apresador, á menos que la cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande y abulte tanto que no pueda recibirlos el buque apresador sin grande inconveniente; pero en este y en todos los demas casos de justa detencion, el buque de tenido se envianá al puerto mas cercano conveniente y seguro para ser juzgado con arreglo á las leyes.
Articulo XXI. Como sucede muy frecuentemente que los buques salen para un puerto ó plaza perteneciente al enemigo sin saber que se 420 same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed that every vessel so situated may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained; nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment from the commanding officer of the blockading force, she should again attempt to enter the aforesaid port; but she shall be permitted to go to Free egress allowed in certain cases.any other port or place she may think proper.
Nor shall any vessel of either of the contracting parties, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo; nor if found therein after the surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but she shall be restored to the owner thereof. Examination of vessels at sea. Article XXII. In order to prevent all kinds of disorder in the visiting and examination of the vessels and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed, mutually, that, whenever a vessel of war, public or private, should meet with a neutral vessel of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send his boat, with two or three men only, in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed vessels shall be responsible with their persons and property; and for this purpose the commanders of said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit.
And it is expressly agreed, that the neutral party shall in no case, be required to go on board the examining vessel for the purpose of exhibiting his papers, or for any other purpose whatsoever. One of the parties being engaged in war, vessels of the other to be provided with sea letters, &c. Article XXIII. To avoid all kinds of vexation and abuse in the examination of papers relating to the ownership of vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do agree, that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property, and bulk of the vessel, and also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that the said vessel really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the contracting parties; they have likewise agreed that such vessels being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the vessel sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificate shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the vessel sailed, in the accustomed form:
If not so provided, to be adjudged lawful prize.without which requisites, the said vessel may be detained, to be adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defect shall be satisfied or supplied by testimony entirely equivalent to the satisfaction of the competent tribunal. Vessels under convoy. Article XXIV. It is further agreed, that the stipulations above expressed, relative to visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels are under convoy, the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, or his word of honor that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries, and when they are bound to an enemy’s port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient.
Prize courts. Article XXV. It is further agreed, that in all cases the established courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such 421 halla sitiado, bloqueado ó atacado, se conviene en que á ningun buque que se halle en estas circunstancias se le permitirá entrar en el; pero no será detenido, ni será confiscada parte alguna de su cargamento, sino hubiere en el alguno de los efectos de contrabando; á menos que despues de ser prevenido del sitio ó bloqueo por el oficial comandante de las fuerzas bloqueadoras emprendiese de nuevo entrar en dicho puerto; pero se permitirá ir á cualquiera otro puerto ó lugar que crea conveniente.
Ni á buque alguno de las partes contratantes que hubiere entrado en tal puerto antes de ser bloqueado, sitiado ó atacado por alguna de ellas, se le impedirá salir del puerto con su cargamento, y si se hallare en el despues de la rendicion, ni el buque ni el cargamento serán confiscados sino debueltos á sus dueños. Articulo XXII. Para impedir toda clase de desorden en la visita y ecsamen de los buques y cargamentos de ambas partes contratantes en alta mar, convienen mutuamente en que siempre que un buque de guerra nacional, ó armado en corso se encontrare con un buque neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero se mantendrá fuera del tiro de cañon, y enviará su vote con solo dos ó tres hombres para verificar el referido ecsamen de los papeles relatives al dueño y cargamento del buque, sin causar la menor violencia, vejacion ó maltrato: para lo que los comandantes de los espresados buques armados, serán responsables con sus personas y propiedades, á cuyo fin los comand antes de dichos buques armados en corso por cuenta de particulares, darán antes de recibir sus patentes, fianzas suficientes para responder de los daños que puedan causar.
Y se estipula espresamente que á buque neutral en ningun caso se le obligará ir á bordo del que registra á manifester sus papeles, ni algun otro objeto sea el que fuere. Articulo XXIII. Para evitar toda vejacion y abuso en el ecsamen de los papeles relativamente á los dueños de los buques que pertenescan á ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, han convenido y convienen que en caso de hallarse una de ellas en guerra, los buques y navios que pertenescan á ciudadanos de la otra, deberán ser provistos con patentes de mar ó pasaportes, que espresen el nombre, propiedad y dimensioned del buque, asi como el nombre del lugar en que habite el capitan ó comandante del buque para que aparesca real y verdaderamente que pertenece á ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes; y han convenido igualmente en que los referidos buques si condujesen cargamento ademas de las patentes de mar ó pasaportes, seran provistos de certificaciones con espresion de cada uno de los articulos que comprende el cargamento y el lugar de su procedencia, para saber si á su bordo se hallan efectos de contrabando; cuya certificacion se dará por les autoridades del lugar de donde salió el buque en la forma acostumbrada: sin cuyo requisito el referido buque podrá ser detenido para ser juzgado por tribunal competente, y podrá ser declarado buena presa, á menos que esta falta se satisfaga ó supla con testimonio équivalente á satisfaccion del tribunal competente.
Articulo XXIV. Convienen ademas en que las estipulaciones arriba espresadas relativamente al ecsamen y visitas de buques tendrán lugar solamente respecto de aquellos que navegan sin convoy y que cuando los dichos buques estubieren bajo convoy será bastante la declaracion verbal del comandante del convoy bajo su palabra de honor de que los buques que están bajo su proteccion pertenecen á la nacion del pavellon que enarbola, y cuando van con destino á puerto enemigo, de que no Jlevan contrabando á bordo.
Articulo XXV. Se convienen ademas que en todos los casos los tribunales establecidos para juzgar presas en el pais adonde estas sean conducidas tendrán elles solos el conocimiento de estas causas y cuando 422 tribunal of either party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel, or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reason or motives on which the same shall have been founded; and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, in conformity with the laws and usages of the country, and of all the proceedings of the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same.
In the event of war between the parties. Article XXVI. For the greater security of the intercourse between the citizens of the United States of America and of the United Mexican States, it is agreed now for then, that if there should be at any time hereafter an interruption of the friendly relations which now exist, or a war unhappily break out between the two contracting parties, there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coast, and one year to those residing in the interior of the States and Territories of each other respectively, to arrange their business, dispose of their effects, or transport them wheresoever they may please, giving them a safe conduct to protect them to the port they may designate.
Those citizens who may be established in the States and Territories aforesaid, exercising any other occupation or trade, shall be permitted to remain in the uninterrupted enjoyment of their liberty and property, so long as they conduct themselves peaceably, and do not commit any offence against the laws; and their goods and effects, of whatever class and condition they may be, shall not be subject to any embargo or sequestration whatever, nor to any charge nor tax other than may be established upon similar goods and effects belonging to the citizens of the State in which they reside respectively; nor shall the debts between individuals, nor moneys in the public funds, or in public or private banks, nor shares in companies, be confiscated, embargoed, or detained.
Ministers and public agents—their immunities, &c. Article XXVII. Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding all inequality in relation to their public communications and official intercourse, have agreed and do agree to grant to the envoys, ministers, and other public agents, the same favors, immunities, and exemptions which those of the most favored nation do or may enjoy: it being understood that whatever favors, immunities, or privileges the United States of America or the United Mexican States may find proper to give to the ministers and public agents of any other power, shall by the same act be extended to those of each of the contracting parties.
Consuls, &c. Article XXVIII. In order that the consuls and vice-consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities which belong to them by their character, they shall, before entering upon the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the Government to which they are accredited; and having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants of the consular district Their authority and privileges.in which they reside.
It is agreed likewise to receive and admit consuls and vice-consuls in all the ports and places open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy therein all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities of the consuls and vice-consuls of the most favored nation, each of the contracting parties remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such consuls and vice-consuls may not seem expedient. Deserters from vessels. Article XXIX. It is likewise agreed that the consuls, vice-consuls, their secretaries, officers and persons attached to the service of consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the consul resides, shall 423 estos tribunales de alguna de las partes pronunciasen sentencia contra algun buque, efectos ó propiedad que sea reclamada por ciudadanos de la otra en la sentencia se hara mencion de las razones ó motives en que la haya fundado y se dará si la pidiere, una copia autentica de ella en conformidad con los usos y leyes del pais y de todos los procederes del caso al comandante ó agente del buque interesado sin demora alguna, pagando este las costas establecidas por la ley.
Articulo XXVI. Para mayor seguridad en la comunicacion entre los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America y los de Mexico, se conviene desde ahora para entonces que si acaeciese en lo sucesivo alguna interrupcion en las reluciones amistosas que hoy ecsisten ó si desgraciadameute hubiere un rompimiento hostil entre ambas partes contratantes se les conceder á el permiso de seis meses á los comerciantes que residan en las costas, y un año á los que esten en el interior de cada uno de Jos Estados y Territorios respectives, para arreglar sus negocios, disponer de sus bienes ó transportarlos adonde gusten, dandoles un salvo conducto que los proteja hasta el puerto que ellos designen: á los ciudadanos que se hallaren establecidos en los referidos Estados y Territorios ocupados en cualquier otro trafico ó ejercicio se les permitirá permanecer sin interrupcion en el goze de su libertad y propiedades mientras se comporten pacificamente y no cometan ofenza alguna contra las leyes, y sus bienes y efectos de cualquiera clase y condicion que sean no estarán sugetos á embargo ó secuestro alguno, ni á otro impuesto ni contribucion que los establecidos sobre efectos y bienes semejantes pertenecientes ft los ciudadanos de los Estados en que respectivamente residan; ni las deudas particulares, ni las cantidades en los fondos publicos, ó en los bancos públicos ó particulares, ni las acetones de las compañias podrán ser confiscadas, embargadas ni detenidas.
Articulo XXVII. Ambas partes contratantes deseando evitar toda desiguafdad relativa á las comunicacioncs públicas y oficiales, se han convenido y convienen en conceder á los enviados, ministros y otros agentes públicos, los mismos privilegios cesenciones é inmunidades que hoy goza y en lo succesivo pueda gozar la nacion mas favorecida: debiendo entenderse que cualquier favor, inmunidad ó privilegio que los Estados Unidos de America ó los de Mexico tengan por conveniente conceder á los ministros ó agentes públicos de cualquiera otra potencia, será ipso-facto estensivo á cada una de las respectivas partes contratantes.
Articulo XXVIII. Para que los consules y vice-consules de las dos partes contratantes puedan gozar de los derechos, prerogativas é inmunidades que por su caracter les corresponden, presentarán al Gobierno cerca del cual estén destinados su patente ó despacho en debida forma antes de entrar en ejercicio de sus fuuciones; y habiendo obtenido su execuatur, serán tenidos y considerados como tales por todas las autoridades, magistrados y habitantes del distrito consular donde residan.
Se convienen tambien en recibir y admitir consules y vice-consules en todos los puertos y lugares abiertos al comercio estrangero, quienes gozarán en ellos todos los derechos, prerogativas é inmunidades de los consules y vice-consules de la nacion mas favorecida, quedando no obstante en libertad cada parte contratante para esceptuar aquellos puertos y lugares en que la admision y residencia de semejantes consoles y vice-consules no parezca conveniente. Articulo XXIX. Ygualmente se conviene que los consules, sus secretaries, los oficiales y pefsonas agregadas al servicio de los consules, no siendo estos ciudadanos del pais en que cl consul resida, estarán 424 be exempt from all compulsory public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts, and contributions levied specially on them, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside, are subject; being in every thing besides subject to the laws of their respective States.
The archives and papers of the consulates shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere with them. Arrest and detention of deserters. Article XXX. The said consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country, for the arrest, detention, and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country; and for that purpose, they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving, by an exhibition of the register of the vessel, or ship’s roll, or other public documents, that the man or men demanded were part of said crews; and on this demand so proved, (saving always where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused.
Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said consuls, and may be put in the public prisons at the request and expence of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the vessels to which they belong, or to others of the same nation. But, if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. Consular convention. Article XXXI. For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit, to form a consular convention, which shall declare specially the powers and immunities of the consuls and vice-consuls of the respective parties.
Interior commerce: routes and escorts. Article XXXII. For the purpose of regulating the interior commerce between the frontier territories of both Republics, it is agreed that the Executive of each shall have power, by mutual agreement, of determining on the route and establishing the roads by which such commerce shall be conducted; and in all cases where the caravans employed in such commerce may require convoy and protection by military escort, the Supreme Executive of each nation, shall, by mutual agreement, in like manner, fix on the period of departure for such caravans, and the point at which the military escort of the two nations shall be exchanged.
And it is further agreed, that, untill the regulations for governing this interior commerce between the two nations shall be established, that the commercial intercourse between the State of Missouri of the United States of America, and New Mexico in the United Mexican States, shall be conducted as heretofore, each Government affording the necessary protection to the citizens of the other. Indian hostilities to be prevented. Article XXXIII. It is likewise agreed that the two contracting parties shall, by all the means in their power, maintain peace and harmony among the several Indian nations who inhabit the lands adjacent to the lines and rivers which form the boundaries of the two countries; and the better to attain this object, both parties bind themselves expressly to restrain, by force, all hostilities and incursions on the part of the Indian nations living within their respective boundaries: so that the United States of America will not suffer their Indians to attack the citizens of the United Mexican States, nor the Indians inhabiting their territory; nor will the United Mexican States permit the Indians residing within their territories to commit hostilities against the citizens of the United States of America, nor against the Indians residing within the limits of the United States, in any manner whatever. 425 esentos del servicio público compulsivo y tambien de toda close de impuestos y contribuciones señaladas especialmente á ellos, esceptuando las que respecto de su comercio ó propiedad estarán obligados á satisfacer del mismo modo que los ciudadanos y habitantes naturales y estrangeros del pais en que residan pagaren; estando en todo lo demas sugetos a las leyes de los Estados respectivos.
Los archivos y papeles oficiales de los consules serán respectados inviolablemente y por niugun pretesto sea el que fuere, podrán los magistrades embargarlos ni de ningun modo tomar conocimiento de ellos. Articulo XXX. Los dichos consules tendrán poder de requerir el aucsilio de las autoridades locales para la prision, detencion y custodia de los desertores de buques nacionales y particulares de su pais, y para este objeto se dirijirá á los tribunales, jueces y oficiales competentes; y pediran los dichos desertores por escrito, probando por una presentacion de los registros de los buques, roll del equipage, ú otros documentes públicos, que aquellos hombres eran parte de las dichas tripulaciones, y esta demanda asi provada (menos no obstante cuando se probate lo contrario) no se reusará la entrega.
Semejantes desertores luego que sean arrestados, se pondrán á disposicion de los dichos consoles, y pueden ser deposit ad os en las prisiones públicas á solicitud y espensas de los que los reclames para ser enviados á los buques á que correspondan, ó á otros de la misma nacion. Pero sino fueren mandados dentro de dos meses contados desde el dia de su arresto, serán puestos en libertad, y no volverán á ser presos por la misma causa. Articulo XXXI. Con objeto de protejer mas efiscasmente su comercio y navegacion las dos partes contratantes convienen, que tan luego como lo permitan las circunstancias formarán un convenio consular que declarara especialmente las facultades y prerrogativas de los consules y vice-consules de las partes respectivas.
Articulo XXXII. Con el fin de regularizar el comercio terrestre por las fronteras de ambas Repúblicas queda establecido que se fijarán por los Gobiernos de estas por mutuo convenio los caminos por dotide este trafico há de ser conducido; y en todos aquellos casos en que las caravanas que se forman para este comercio, necesiten convoy y proteccion de la fuerza militar se fijará tambien del mismo modo por mutuo convenio de ambos Gobiernos el tiempo de la partida de tales caravanas y el punto en el cual se han de cambiar las escoltas de tropas de las dos naciones.
Se há convenido ademas que entretanto se establecen las reglas que han de regir segun lo dicho en el comercio terrestre entre las dos naciones, las comunicaciones comerciales entre el Estado de Missouri de los Estados Unidos de America, y el territorio de Nuevo Mexico en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos continuará como hasta aqui concediendo cada Gobierno la proteccion necesaria á los ciudadanos de la otra parte. Articulo XXXIII. Se há convenido igualmente que las dos partes contratantes procurarán por todos los medios posibles, mantener la paz y buena armonia entre las diversas tribus de Indios que habitan los terrenos adyacentes á las lineas y rios que forman los limites de los dos paises; y para conseguir mejor este fin se obfigan espresamente ambas partes á reprimir con la fuerza todo genero de hostilidades é incurciones de parte de las tribus Indias que habitan dentro de sus respectivos limites: de modo que los Estados Unidos de America no permitirán que sus Indios ataquen á los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, ni á los Indios que habitan su territorio, y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos no permitirán tampoco que sus Indios hostilizen á los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos de America 6 á sus Indios de manera alguna. 426 Prisoners made by Indians to be liberated, dec.And in the event of any person or persons captured by the Indians who inhabit the territory of either of the contracting parties, being or having been carried into the territories of the other, both Governments engage and bind themselves in the most solemn manner to return them to their country as soon as they know of their being within their respective territories, or to deliver them up to the agent or representative of the Government that claims them, giving to each other, reciprocally, timely notice, and the claimant paying the expenses incurred in the transmission and maintenance of such person or persons, who, in the mean time, shall be treated with the utmost hospitality by the local authorities of the place where they may be.
Nor shall it be lawful, under any pretext whatever, for the citizens of either of the contracting parties to purchase or hold captive prisoners made by the Indians inhabiting the territories of the other. Article XXXIV. The United States of America and the United Mexican States, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties by virtue of this treaty or general convention of amity, commerce, and navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points:
Treaty to be ill force eight years, &c. First. The present treaty shall remain and be of force for eight years from the day of the exchange of the ratifications, and untill the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of said term of eight years. And it is hereby agreed between them, that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either of the parties from the other party, this treaty, in all its parts, relating to commerce and navigation, shall altogether cease and determine, and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be permanently and perpetually binding on both the contracting parties.
Harmony of partiesnot to be interrupted by acts of individuals. Secondly. If any one or more of the citizens of either party shall in-fringe any of the articles of this treaty, such citizens shall be held personally responsible for the same; and the harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging, in no way, to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. Demand of satisfaction to precede hostilities. Thirdly.
If (what indeed cannot be expected) any of the articles contained in the present treaty shall be violated or infracted in any manner whatever, it is stipulated that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorise any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages, untill the said party considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proofs, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed.
Saving of Treaties with other powers. Fourthly. Nothing in this treaty contained, shall however be construed to operate contrary to former and existing public treaties with other Sovereigns or States. The present treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation, shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Vice-President of the United Mexican States, with the consent and approbation of the Congress thereof; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city of Washington, within the term of one year, to be counted from the date of the signature hereof; or sooner, if possible. 427 Y en el caso de que alguna ó algunas personas cojidas por los Indios que habitan los territorios de cuda una de las partes contratantes, fuere ó hubiere sido llevada li los territorios de la otra, ambos Gobiernos se comprometen y obligan del modo mas solemne á devol verlas á su pais tan luego como sepan que se hallan en sus respectives territorios ó entregarlas al agente ó encargado del mismo Gobierno que las reclame, dandose aviso oportuno reciprocamente, y abonandose por el que lo reclama los gastos erogados en la conducion y manutention de la tal persona ó personas aquienes entretanto se dispensará por las autoridades locales del punto en que se encuentren la mas generosa hospitalidad.
Ni será legitime por ningun pretesto que los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes compren ó retengan prisioneros cautivos hechos por los Indios que habitan el territorio de la otra. Articulo XXXIV. Los Estados Unidos de America y los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, deseosos de hacer tan permanentes como lo permitan las circunstancias las relaciones que van á establecerse entre las dos partes en virtud de este tratado ó convenio general de amistad, comercio y navegacion, han declarado solemnemente, y convienen en los puntos siguientes:
Primero. El presente tratado permanecerá y estará en todo su rigor y fuerza por el termino de ocho años que deberán contarse desde el dia del cambio de las ratificaciones, y terminados estos continuará rigiendo hasta el termino de un año contado desde el dia en que alguna de las dos partes contratantes haya dado noticia á la otra de su resolution de poner fin á este convenio. Y cada una de las partes contratantes se reserva asi misma el derecho de dar este aviso á la otra al cabo del referido termine de ocho años, quedando ademas convenido entre embas que al ca be de un año despues de recibido tal aviso por alguna de las partes contratantes de parte de la otra, este tratado deberá cesar y acabar en todo cuanto tiene relacion con comercio y navegacion, quedando solo permanente y perpétuant en te valedero y obligatorio á ambas partes contratantes en todo cuanto toca á la paz y amistad entre ambas.
Segundo. Si uno ó mas ciudadanos de alguna de las partes infringiere algun articulo de este tratado, será personalmente responsable de ello; pero no por esto se interrumpirá la armonia y buena correspondencia entre las dos naciones; á cuyo fin ambas partes respectivamente se comprometen á no protejer á el agresor, ni sancionar semejante infraction. Tercero. Si (lo que no es de esperar ) alguno de los articulos del presente tratado desgraciadamente fuere violado ó infringido de cualquiera otro modo se estipula que ninguna de las partes contratantes dispondrá ó autorizará ninguna clase de represalia, ni declarará guerra á la otra por queja de injuria ó daño hasta que le misma parte que se considera agraviada no haya presentado á la otra una relacion de las injurias ó dáños competentemeute comprobada, y sobre ello hubiese pedido justicia y satisfaction, y esta hubiere sido negada ó sin razon demorada.
Cuarto. Nada de lo contenido en este tratado podrá de manera alguna interpretarse ni obrará en contra de los tratados públicos celebrados anteriormente y ecsistentes con otros Soberanos y Estados. El presente tratado de amistad, comercio y navegacion será aprobado y ratificado por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America con la anuencia y consentimiento de su Senado, y por el Vice Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, previo el consentimiento y aprobacion del Congreso; y las ratificaciones serán cangeadas en la ciudad de Washington en el termino de un año contado desde la fecha en que fueren firmados, ó antes si fuere posible 428 In witness whereof, We, the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the United Mexican States, have signed and sealed these presents.
Done in the city of Mexico, on the fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, in the fifty-fifth year of the Independence of the United States of America, and in the eleventh of that of the United Mexican States. A. BUTLER, (l. s.) LUCAS ALAMAN, (l. s.) RAFAEL MANGINO, (l. s.) ADDITIONAL ARTICLE. Fifth and sixth articles suspended. Whereas, in the present state of the Mexican shipping, it would not be possible for Mexico to receive the full advantage of the reciprocity established in the fifth and sixth articles of the treaty signed this day, it is agreed that for the term of six years, the stipulations contained in Substitute. the said articles shall be suspended; and in lieu thereof, it is hereby agreed, that, untill the expiration of the said term of six years, American vessels entering into the ports of Mexico, and all articles, the produce, growth, or manufacture of the United States of America, imported in such vessels, shall pay no other or higher duties, than are or may hereafter be payable in the said ports by the vessels and the like articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the most favored nation; and, reciprocally, it is agreed that Mexican vessels entering into the ports of the United States of America, and all articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Mexican States, imported in such vessels, shall pay no other or higher duties than are, or may hereafter be, payable in the said ports by the vessels and the like articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the most favored nation; and that no higher duties shall be paid, or bounties or drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of either country, in the vessels of the other, than upon the exportation of the like articles in the vessels of any other foreign country.
The present additional article shall have the same force and value as as if it had been inserted, word for, word, in the treaty signed this day. It shall be ratified, and the ratification exchanged at the same time. In witness whereof, We, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed and sealed the same. Done at Mexico, on the fifth day of April, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one. A. BUTLER, (l. s.) LUCAS ALAMAN, (l. s.) RAFAEL MANGINO, (l. s.) 429 En fé de lo cual, los respectivos Plenipotenciarios lo hemos firmado y sellado con nuestros sellos respectivos.
Fecho en Mexico á los cinco dias de Abril del año del Señor de mil ochocientos treinta y uno, undecimo de la independencia de los Estados Unidos Mejicanos y quinquagesimo quinto de la de los Estados Unidos de America. LUCAS ALAMAN, (l. s.) RAFAEL MANGINO, (l. s.) A. BUTLER, (l. s.) ARTICULO ADICIONAL. Por cuanto en el presente estado de la marina Mejicana no seria posible que Mexico gozase de las ventajas que deberá producir la reciprocidad establecida por los articulos 5°.-y 6°.del tratado firmado en este dia, se estipula que durante el espacio de seis años se suspenderá lo convenido en dichos articulos y en su lugar se estipula que hasta la conclucion del termino mencionado de seis años, los buques Americanos que entren en los puertos de Mexico, y todos los articulos de producto, fruto ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos de America importados en tales buques, no pagarán otros ni mayores derechos, que los que se pagan ó en adelante se pagaren en los referidos puertos, por los buques é iguales articulos de fruto, producto ó manufactura de la nacion mas favorecida, y reciprocamente se estipula que los buques Mejicanos que entren en los puertos de los Estados Unidos de America y todos los articulos de fruto, producto ó manufactura de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos importados en tales buques, no pagarán otros ni mayores derechos que los que se pagan, ó en adelante se pagaren en los mencionados puertos por los buques y semejantes articulos de producto, fruto ó manufactura de la nacion mas favorecida; y que no se pagarán mayores derechos, ni se concederán otras franquicias y descuentos á la esportacion de cualquiera articulo de producto, fruto ó manufactura de cada uno de los dos paises en los buques del otro mas que á la esportacion de dichos articulos en buques de cualquiera otro pais estrangero.
El presente articulo adicional tendrá la misina fuerza y valor que si se hubiera insertado palabra por palabra en el tratado de este dia. Sera ratificado y la ratificacion cambiada al mismo tiempo. En fé de lo cual, los respectivos Plenipotenciarios lo hemos firmado y sellado con nuestros sellos respectivos. Fecho en Mexico á cinco de Abril de mil ochocientos treinta y uno. LUCAS ALAMAN, (l. s.) RAFAEL MANGINO, (l. s.) A. BUTLER, (l. s.) July 4, 1831 Convention 8 Stat. 430 CONVENTION WITH FRANCE.
(*a*) (*a*) For notes of the treaties and conventions with France, see ante, page 6.July 4, 1831.Ratifications exchanged, Feb. 2, 1832.Proclamation of the President of the U.S., July 13, 1832. The United States of America and His Majesty the King of the French, animated with an equal desire to adjust amicably, and in a manner conformable to equity, as well as to the relations of good intelligence and sincere friendship which unite the two countries, the reclamations formed by the respective Governments, have, for this purpose, named for their plenipotentiaries, to wit, the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, William C.
Rives, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the said United States, near His Majesty the King of the French, and His Majesty the King of the French, Count Horace Sebastiani, Lieutenant General of his Armies, his Minister Secretary of State for the Department of Foreign Affairs, &c. &c., who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I. Indemnity to American citizens. The French Government, in order to liberate itself completely from all the reclamations preferred against it by citizens of the United States, for unlawful seizures, captures, sequestrations, confiscations, or destructions of their vessels, cargoes, or other property, engages to pay a sum of twenty-five millions of francs to the Government of the United States, who shall distribute it among those entitled, in the manner and according to the rules which it shall determine.
ARTICLE II. Payments. The sum of twenty-five millions of francs, above stipulated, shall be paid at Paris, in six annual instalments, of four millions one hundred and sixty-six thousand six hundred and sixty-six francs sixty-six centimes each, into the hands of such person or persons as shall be authorised by the Government of the United States to receive it. The first installment shall be paid at the expiration of one year next following the exchange of the ratifications of this convention, and the others at successive intervals of a year, one after another, till the whole shall be paid.
To the amount of each of the said instalments shall be added interest at four per cent, thereupon, as upon the other instalments then remaining unpaid; the said interest to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present convention. ARTICLE III. Indemnity to French Government. The Government of the United States, on its part, for the purpose of being liberated completely from all the reclamations presented by France on behalf of its citizens, or of the Royal Treasury, (either for ancient supplies or accounts, the liquidation of which had been reserved, or for unlawful seizures, captures, detentions, arrests, or destructions of French vessels, cargoes, or other property,) engages to pay to the Government of His Majesty (which shall make distribution of the same in the manner and according to the rules to be determined by it) the sum of one million five hundred thousand francs.
ARTICLE IV. Payments. The sum of one million five hundred thousand francs, stipulated in the preceding article, shall be payable in six annual instalments, of two 430 CONVENTION À FRANCE. Les Etats Unis d’Amérique et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français étant animés d’un égal désir de régler à l’amiable et d’une manière conforme à l’équité aussi bien qu’aux relations de bonne harmonie et d’amitié sincère qui unissent les deux pays, les réclamations formées par les Gouvernemens respectifs, ont, à cet effet, nommé pour leurs plénipotentiares; savoir, le Président des Etats Unis, de l’avis et avec le consentement du Sénat, Mr.
William C. Rives, Envoyé Extraordinaire et Ministre Plénipotentiaire des dits Etats prés de Sa Majesté le Roi des Français, et Sa Majesté le Roi des Français, Mr. le Comte Horace Sebastiani, Lieutenant Général de ses Armées, son Ministre Secrétaire d’Etat au Département des Affaires Etrangères, &c. &c., lesquels après avoir échangé leurs pleins pouvoirs trouvés en bonne et due forme, sont con venus des articles suivons: ARTICLE I. Le Gouvernement Français, à l’effet de se libérer complètement de toutes les réclamations élevées contre lui par des citoyens des Etats Unis, pour saisies, captures, séquestres, confiscations et destructions illégales de leurs uavires, cargaisons, ou autres propriétés, s’engage à payer une somme de vingt cinq millions de francs au Gouvernement des Etats Unis, qui en fera la répartition entre les ayant droit, suivant le mode et d’après les règles qu’il déterminera.
ARTICLE II. La somme de vingt cinq millions de francs, stipulée ci-dessus, sera payée à Paris, en six termes annuels, de quatre millions cent soixante six mille six cent soixante six francs soixante six centimes, entre les mains de la personne ou des personnes que le Gouvernement des Etats Unis aura autorisées à la recevoir. Le premier paiement aura lieu à l’expiration de l’année qui suivra l’échange des ratifications de la présente convention, et les autres paiemens s’effectueront successivement d’année en année jusqu’à parfait acquittement de la somme entière.
Au montant de chacun des paiemens annuels ainsi réglés, seront ajoutés les intérêts à quatre pour cent, tant du terme échu que des termes à échoir; ces intérêts seront calculés à partir du jour des ratifications de la présente convention. ARTICLE III. De son coté, le Gouvernement des Etats Unis, pour se libérer com plètement de toutes les réclamations présentées par la France, dans l’intérêt de ses citoyens ou du Trésor Royal, à raison, soit d’anciennes fournitures ou comptes dont la liquidation avait été reservée, soit de saisies, captures, détentions, arrestations et destructions illégales de navires, cargaisons ou autres propriétés Françaises, s'engage à payer au Gouvernement de Sa Majesté qui en fera la distribution aux ayant droit, suivant le mode et d’après les règles qu’il déterminera, la somme de quinze cent mille francs.
ARTICLE IV. La somme de quinze cent mille francs stipulée dans l’article précedent sera payable en six termes annuels de deux cent cinquante mille 431 432 hundred and fifty thousand francs; and the payment of each of the said instalments shall be effected by a reservation of so much out of the annual sums which the French Government is bound, by the second article above, to pay to the Government of the United States. To the amount of each of these instalments shall be added interest at four per cent, upon the instalment then paid, as well as upon those still due; which payments of interest shall be effected by means of a reservation, similar to that already indicated for the payment of the principal.
The said interest shall be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present convention. ARTICLE V. Other claims. As to the reclamations of French citizens against the Government of the United States, and the reclamations of citizens of the United States against the French Government, which are of a different nature from those which it is the object of the present convention to adjust, it is understood that the citizens of the two nations may prosecute them in the respective countries before the competent judicial or administrative authorities, in complying with the laws and regulations of the country, the dispositions and benefit of which, shall be applied to them, in like manner as to native citizens.
ARTICLE VI. Reciprocal engagement to communicate documents, &c. The French Government and the Government of the United States reciprocally engage to communicate to each other, by the intermediary of the respective legations, the documents, titles, or other informations proper to facilitate the examination and liquidation of the reclamations comprised in the stipulations of the present convention. ARTICLE VII. French wines. The wines of France, from and after the exchange of the ratifications of the present convention, shall be admitted to consumption in the States of the Union at duties which shall not exceed the following rates, by the gallon, (such as it is used at present for wines in the United States,) to wit, six cents for red wines in casks; ten cents for white wines in casks; and twenty-two cents for wines of all sorts in bottles.
The proportion existing between the duties on French wines thus reduced, and the general rates of the tariff which went into operation the first of January, 1829, shall be maintained, in case the Government of the United States should think proper to diminish those general rates in a new tariff. In consideration of this stipulation, which shall be binding on the United States for ten years, the French Government abandons the reclamations Eighth article Louisiana cession treaty. which it had formed in relation to the 8th article of the treaty of cession of Louisiana.
It engages, moreover, to establish on the *long staple* cottons of the United States, which, after the exchange of the ratifications of the present convention, shall be brought directly thence to France by the vessels of the United States, or by French vessels, the same duties as on *short staple* cottons. ARTICLE VIII. Exchange of ratifications. The present convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington, in the space of eight months, or sooner, if possible.
In faith of which, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed these articles, and thereto set their seals. Done at Paris, the fourth day of the month of July, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one. W. C. RIVES, (l. s.) 433 francs, et le paiement de chacun de ces termes aura lieu au moyen d’une retenue de pareille somme que le Gouvernement Français exercera sur les versemens annuels qu’il s’est engagé par l’article 2 ci-dessus à effectuer entre les mains du Gouvernement des Etats Unis.
Au montant de chacun de ces termes seront ajoutés les intérêts à quatre pour cent tant du terme échu que des termes à échoir au moyen d’une retenue analogue à celle qui vient d’être indiquée pour le paiement du capital. Ces intérêts seront calculés à partir du jour des ratifications de la présente convention. ARTICLE V. Quant aux réclamations des citoyens Français contre le Gouvernement des Etats Unis et aux réclamations des citoyens des Etats Unis contre le Gouvernement Français, qui sont d’une autre nature que celles auxquelles la présente convention a pour objet de faire droit, il est entendu que les citoyens des deux nations pourront les poursuivre dans les pays respectifs auprès des autorités judiciaires ou administratives compétentes on se soumettant aux lois et régleniens locaux, dont les dispositions et le bénéfice leur seront appliqués comme aux nationaux eux mêmes.
ARTICLE VI. Le Gouvernement Français et le Gouvernement des Etats Unis s’engagent réciproquement à se communiquer par l’ intermediaire des légations respectives, les documens, titres, ou renseignemens propres à faciliter l’examen et la liquidation des réclamations comprises dans les stipulations de la présente convention. ARTICLE VII. A partir de l’échange des ratifications de la présente convention les vins de France seront admis á la consommation dans les Etats de l’Union, à des droits qui ne pourront pas excéder par gallon, (tel qu’il est actuellement usité pour les vins aux Etats Unis,) savoir, six cents pour les vins rouges en futailles: dix cents pour les vins blancs en futailles; et vingt deux cents pour les vins de toutes sortes en bouteilles.
Le rapport dans lequel les droits ainsi réduits sur les vins de France se trouvent avec les taxations générales du tarif mis en vigueur le 1er Janvier 1829, sera maintenu dans le cas où le Gouvernement des Etats Unis jugerait à propos de diminuer dans un nouveau tarif ces taxations générales. Au moyen de cette stipulation qui demeurera obligatoire pour les Etats Unis pendant dix années, te Gouvernement Français abandonne les réclamations qu’il avait élevées relativement à l’exécution de l’article 8 du traité de cession de la Louisiane.
Il s’engage en outre à établir sur les cotons *longue soie* des Etats Unis, qui à compter de l’échange des ratifications de la présente convention seront directement apportées de ce pays en France par navires des Etats Unis ou par navires Français, les mêmes droits que sur les cotons *courte soie*. ARTICLE VIII. La présente convention sera ratifiée et les ratifications en seront échangées à Washington dans le terme de huit mois, ou plus tot si faire se peut. En foi de quoi, les plénipotentiaires respectifs l’ont signée et y ont apposé leurs cachets.
Fait à Paris, le quatrième jour du mois de Juillet, de l’année mil huit cent trente et un. HORACE SEBASTIANI, (l. s.) May 16, 1832 Convention 8 Stat. 434 GENERAL CONVENTION OF PEACE, AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, May 16, 1832.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., April 39, 1834.Ratifications exchanged at Washington, April, 29, 1834.*Between the United States of America and the Republic of Chile.* In the name of God, Author and Legislator of the Universe. The United States of America, and the republic of Chile, desiring to make firm and lasting the friendship and good understanding which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive, the rules which shall in future be religiously. observed between the one and the other, by means of a treaty or general convention of peace and friendship, commerce and navigation.
For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, has appointed, and conferred full powers on John Hamm, a citizen of said States, and their Chargé d’Affaires near the said republic; and his excellency the President of the republic of Chile has appointed Senor Don Andres Bello, a citizen of the said republic. And the said plenipotentiaries, after having mutually produced and exchanged copies of their full powers, in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles, videlicet:
Peace and friendship. Article I. There shall be a perfect, firm, and inviolable peace and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the republic of Chile, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens respectively, without distinction of persons or places. Favors granted to other nations shall become common. Article II. The United States of America and the republic of Chile, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually, not to grant any particular favor to other nations in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not, immediately, become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the con cession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.
It is understood, however, that the relations and convention which now exist, or may hereafter exist, between the republic of Chile and the republic of Bolivia, the federation of the Centre of America, the republic of Columbia, the United States of Exceptions.Mexico, the republic of Peru, or the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, shall form exceptions to this article. Navigation and commerce. Article III. The citizens of the United States of America may frequent all the coasts and countries of the republic of Chile, and reside and trade there, in all sorts of produce, manufactures, and merchandize, and shall pay no other or greater duties, charges, or fees, whatsoever, than the most favoured nation is or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions in navigation and commerce, which the most favored nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the laws, decrees, and usages there established, and to which are submitted the citizens and subjects of the most favored nations.
In like manner the citizens of the republic of Chile may frequent all the coasts and countries of the United States of America, and reside 434 435and trade there, in all sorts of produce, manufactures, and merchandise, and shall pay no other or greater duties, charges or fees, whatsoever, than the most favored nation is or shall be obliged to pay, and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions in commerce and navigation, which the most favored nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the laws, decrees, and usages, there established, and to which are submitted the citizens and subjects of the most favored nations.
But it is understood, that this article does not include the Coasting trade excepted.coasting trade of either country, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties, respectively, according to their own separate laws. Article IV. It is likewise agreed that it shall he wholly free for all Merchants and others free to manage their own business.merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both countries, to manage, themselves, their own business, in all ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandise, by wholesale and retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and sending off their ships, they being in all these cases to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects-of the most favored nation.
Article V. The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall Indemnification for embargo or detention.be liable to any embargo, nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandise, or effects, for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnification. Article VI. Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting Asylum secured.parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, with their vessels, whether of merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates, or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favor and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hindrance of any kind.
Article VII. All the ships, merchandise and effects belonging to Vessels, &c. captured by pirates, to be restored.the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving in due and proper form their rights before the competent tribunals; it being well understood, that the claim should be made within the term of one year by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of their respective Governments.
Article VIII. When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either Protection in case of wreck.of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or suffer any damage on the coasts, or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandise and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, until they may be exported, unless they be destined for consumption in the country.
Article IX. The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall Personal and real estate.have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament of *ab intestato,* and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and 436dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country, wherein the said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: and if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance, on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from any other charges than those which may be imposed by the laws of the country.
Protection to residents. Article X. Both the contracting parties promise and engage formally to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse on the same terms which are usual and customary, with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be: for which they may employ in defence of their rights such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them, and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials.
Security of conscience, &c. Article XI. It is likewise agreed that the most perfect and entire security of conscience shall be enjoyed by the citizens of both the contracting parties in the countries subject to the jurisdiction of the one and the other, without their being liable to be disturbed or molested on account of their religions belief, so long as they respect the laws and established usages of the country. Moreover, the bodies of the citizens of one of the contracting parties, who may die in the territories of the other, shall be buried in the usual burying grounds, or in other decent or suitable places, and shall be protected from violation or disturbance.
Free ships to make free goods. Article XII. It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the republic of Chile to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made, who are the proprietors of the merchandise laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with the ships and merchandise before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens, of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, before mentioned, to neutral places, but also, from one place belonging to an enemy, to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of the one power, or under several.
And it is hereby stipulated, that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, in like manner, that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either, they are not to be taken out of that free ship unless they are officers or soldiers, Proviso. and in the actual service of the enemies;
Provided, however, and it is hereby agreed, that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as applying to those powers only who recognise the principle; but if either 437of the two contracting parties should be at war with a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others. Article XIII. It is likewise agreed, that in the case where the neutral Neutral property on board enemy’s vessels liable to condemnation.flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemy’s vessels shall be held and considered as enemy’s property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property Exception.as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree, that, four months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof.
On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy’s property, in that case, the goods and merchandise of the neutral, embarked in such enemy’s ship, shall be free. Article XIV. This liberty of commerce and navigation shall extend Contraband articles.to all kinds of merchandises, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband, and under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended— 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuzees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms; 2d.
Bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use. 3d. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture. 4th. And generally all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared and formed, expressly, to make war by sea or land. Article XV. All other merchandise and things not comprehended All other articles free, except to blockaded ports.in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blockaded; and, to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded, which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral.
Article XVI. The articles of contraband, before enumerated and Contraband articles not to condemn those not so.classified which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy’s port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, and of so large a bulk, that they cannot he received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port, for trial and judgment according to law.
Article XVII. And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail Notice of blockade.for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed, that every vessel 438so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment from any officer commanding a vessel of the blockading forces, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper.
Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, or invested, by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof; and if any vessel having thus entered the port before the blockade took place, shall take on board a cargo after the blockade be established, she shall be subject to be warned by the blockading forces, to return to the port blockaded, and discharge the said cargo; and, if after receiving the said warning, the vessel shall persist in going out with the cargo, she shall be liable to the same consequences as a vessel attempting to enter a blockaded port, after being warned off by the blockading forces.
Regulation of visits at sea. Article XVIII. In order to prevent all kinds of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed, mutually, that whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain at the greatest distance compatible with making the visit, under the circumstances of the sea and wind, and the degree of suspicion attending the vessel to be visited, and shall send its smallest boat in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill-treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of the said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all damages they may commit.
And it is expressly agreed, that the neutral party shall, in no case, be required to go on board the examining vessel, for the purpose of exhibiting her papers, or for any other purpose whatever. Sea letters or passports in case of war. Article XIX. To avoid all kinds of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do agree, that, in case one of them shall be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea letters or passports, expressing the name, property and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear, that the ship really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they have likewise agreed that, such ships, being laden, besides the sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the ship sailed, in the accustomed form; without which requisites, said vessel may be detained, to he adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defect shall be proved to be owing to accident, and be satisfied or supplied by testimony entirely equivalent.
Vessels under convoy. Article XX. It is further agreed, that the stipulations above expressed, relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels shall be 439under convoy, the verbid declaration of the commander of the convoy, on his word of honor, that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries; and when they are bound to an enemy’s port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient.
Article XXI. It is further agreed that, in all cases the established Prize courts.courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be con ducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of either party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commandant or agent of said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same.
Article XXII. Whenever one of the contracting parties shall be No citizen of either party to enter the service of an enemy of the other.engaged in war with another state, no citizen of the other contracting party shall accept a commission, or letter of marque, for the purpose of assisting or co-operating hostilely, with the said enemy, against the said party so at war, under the pain of being treated as a pirate. Article XXIII. If, by any fatality which cannot be expected, and In case of war between the parties.which God forbid, the two contracting parties should be engaged in a war with each other, they have agreed, and do agree, now for then, that there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other, and the term of one year to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection until they arrive at the designated port.
The citizens of all other occupations who may be established in the territories or dominions of the United States of America, and of the republic of Chile, shall be respected and maintained in the full enjoyment of their personal liberty and property, unless their particular conduct shall cause them to forfeit this protection, which, in consideration of humanity, the contracting parties engage to give them. Article XXIV. Neither the debts due from the individuals of the Private and public debts sacred.one nation, to the individuals of the other, nor shares, nor money which they may have in public funds, nor in public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of war, or of national difference, be sequestrated or confiscated.
Article XXV. Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding Public agents on the footing of those of the most favored nation.all inequality in relation to their public communications, and official intercourse, have agreed, and do agree, to grant to their envoys, ministers, and other public agents, the same favors, immunities, and exemptions which those of the most favored nation do, or shall enjoy; it being understood that whatever favors, immunities, or privileges the United States of America or the republic of Chile may find it proper to give to the ministers and public agents of any other power, shall, by the same act, be extended to those of each of the contracting parties.
Article XXVI. To make more effectual the protection which the Consuls, &c. to be admitted.United States of America and the republic of Chile shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and admit consuls and vice consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, of the consuls and vice consuls of the most favored nations; each contracting party, however, remaining at 440liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such consuls may not seem convenient.
Consuls, &c. must exhibit their commissions. Article XXVII. In order that the consuls and vice consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, which belong to them, by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent, in due form, to the Government to which they are accredited; and, having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such, by all the authorities, magistrates and inhabitants, in the consular district in which they reside.
Immunities of consuls, &c. Article XXVIII. It is likewise agreed, that the consuls, their secretaries, officers, and persons attached to the service of consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and, also, from all kinds of taxes, imposts, and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce, or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject; being in every thing besides subject to the laws of their respective states.
The archives and papers of the consulate shall be respected inviolably; and, under no pretext whatever, shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere with them. May require the aid of the civil authorities to arrest deserters. Article XXIX. The said consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country; and, for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessel or ship’s roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of said crews; and, on this demand, so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved) the delivery shall not be refused.
Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of said consuls, and maybe put in the public prison at the request and expence of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to Deserters must be sent back within two months.others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, reckoning from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall no more be arrested for the same cause. It is understood, however, that if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offence, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which the case may be depending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect.
Consular convention to be formed. Article XXX. For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a consular convention, which shall declare, specially, the powers and immunities of the consuls and vice consuls of the respective parties. Article XXXI. The United States of America and the Republic of Chile, desiring to make, as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties, by virtue of this treaty, or general convention of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points:
Treaty to remain in force twelve years. 1st. The present treaty shall remain in full force and virtue for the term of twelve years, to be reckoned from the day of the exchange of the ratifications; and, further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserving to 441itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of said term of twelve years: and it is hereby agreed between them, that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either, from the other party, this treaty, in all the parts relating to commerce and navigation, shall altogether cease and determine; and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be permanently and perpetually binding on both powers. 2d.
If any one or more of the citizens of either party shall infringe Individuals personally responsible for infringements.any of the articles of this treaty, such citizen shall be held personally responsible for the same, and the harmony and good correspondence between the nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3d. If, (which, indeed, cannot be expected,) unfortunately, any of Manner of procedure in case of infringement.the articles contained in the present treaty shall be violated or infringed in any other way whatever, it is expressly stipulated that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorize any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages, until the said party, considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proof, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. 4th.
Nothing in this treaty contained shall, however, be construed Existing treaties not to be affected.to operate contrary to former and existing public treaties with other sovereigns or States. The present treaty of peace, amity, commerce and navigation, shall To be ratified within nine months.he approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the President of the Republic of Chile, with the consent and approbation of the Congress of the same; and the ratifications shall be ex changed in the City of Washington within nine months, to be reckoned from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if practicable.
In faith whereof, we, the underwritten plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, and of the Republic of Chile, have signed, by virtue of our powers, the present treaty of peace, amity, commerce, and navigation, and have hereunto affixed our seals, respectively. Done and concluded, in triplicate, in the city of Santiago, this sixteenth day of the month of May—in the year of our Lord Jesus Christ one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two; and in the fifty-sixth year of the independence of the United States of America, and the twenty-third of that of the Republic of Chile.
JNO. HAMM, (l. s.) ANDRES BELLO, (l. s.) Oct. 14, 1832 Convention 8 Stat. 442 CONVENTION Oct. 14, 1832.Ratified June 8, 1833.Proclamation of the President of the United States, Aug. 27, 3833.*Between the Government of the United States of America, and his Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to terminate the reclamations of said Government, for the depredations inflicted upon American commerce, by Murat during the years* 1809, 1810, 1811, and 1812. The Government of the United States of America and his Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, desiring to terminate the reclamations advanced by said Government against his said Majesty, in order that the merchants of the United States may be indemnified for the losses inflicted upon them by Murat, by the depredations, seizures, confiscations and destraction of their vessels and cargoes, during the years 1809, 1810, 1811, and 1812, and his Sicilian Majesty desiring thereby to strengthen with the said Government the bonds of that harmony, not hitherto disturbed; the said Government of the United States and his aforesaid Majesty, the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, have with one accord resolved to come to an adjustment; to effectuate which they have respectively named and furnished with the necessary powers, viz. the said Government of the United States, John Nelson, Esquire, a citizen of said States, and their Chargé d’Affaires near his Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies; and his Majesty his Excellency D.
Antonio Maria Statello Prince of Cassaro Marquis of Spaccaforno Count Statello etc. etc. etc. his said Majesty’s Minister Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs etc. etc. who after the exchange of their respective full powers found in good and due form, have agreed to the following articles: Agreement to pay U. S. for spoliations on American property. Article 1st. His Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, with a view to satisfy the aforesaid reclamations, for the depredations, sequestrations, confiscations and destruction of the vessels and cargoes of the merchants of the United States, (and for every expense of every kind whatsoever incident to, or growing out of the same) inflicted by Murat during the years 1809, 1810, 1811, and 1812, obliges himself to pay the sum of two millions, one hundred and fifteen thousand Neapolitan ducats to the Government of the United States; seven thousand six hundred and seventy-nine ducats, part thereof, to be ap-plied to reimburse the said Government for the expense incurred by it, in the transportation of American seamen from the Kingdom of Naples, during the year 1810, and the residue to be distributed amongst the claimants by the said Government of the United States, in such manner and according to such rules as it may prescribe.
To be paid in nine equal instalments. Article 2d. The sum of two millions one hundred and fifteen thousand Neapolitan ducats agreed on in article the 1st, shall be paid in Naples, in nine equal instalments of two hundred and thirty-five thousand ducats and with interest thereon at the rate of four per centum per annum, to he calculated from the date of the interchange of the ratifications of this Convention, untill the whole sum shall be paid. The first instalment shall be payable twelve months after the exchange of the 442 CONVENZIONE *Fra Sua Maestà il Re del Regno dette Due Sicilie, ed il Governo degli Stati Uniti di America, a fine di porre un termine alle reclamazioni avanzate dal dette Governo, per le prede recate al commercio Americano, da Murat negli anni* 1809, 1810, 1811 e 1812.
Sua Maestà il Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie, ed il Governo degli Stati Uniti di America, desiderando di porre finalmente un termine, alle reclamazioni avanzate dal detto Governo, presso la Maestà Sua, perche i negozianti di essi Stati fosscro rifatti delle perdite, recate loro da Murat, per le prede, sequestre confische, e distruzione dei bastimenti, e dei carichi de loro proprietá, negli anni 1809, 1810, 1811 e 1812, e volendo cou cio vieppiu stringere la Maestà Sua col cennato Governo degli Stati Uniti i leg and di buona armonia non mai turbata per lo addietro, la prelodata Maestà Sua il Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie, ed il Governo degli Stati Uniti hanno coneordemente risoluto di venire ad un aggiustamento, a terminate il quale hanno nominati, e muniti delle necessarie Plenipotenze, cioe:
Sua Maestà il Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie, Sua Eccelenza D. Antonio Maria Statella Principe di Cassaro, Marchese di Spaccaforno, Conte Statella, &c. &c.: ed il Governo degli Stati Uniti di America il Signor Giovanni Nelson, Suo Incaricato di Affari presso questa Real Corte; i quali dopo il cambio delle respettive loro Plenipotenze, e queste trovate in buona e debita forma hanno convenuto dei seguenti Articoli: Articolo 1°. Sua Maestà il Re del Regno delle Due Sicilie ad oggetto di far tacere le succennate reclamazioni per le prede, sequestre, confische, e distruzione dei bastimenti e dei carichi dei negozianti degli Stati Uniti recate da Murat, negli anni 1809, 1810, 1811 e 1812 (e per qualunque altra spesa incidente o derivante dalle anzidette cagioni ) si obbliga di pagare la somma di Ducati Napolitani, due milioni cento quindici mila, al Governo degli Stati Uniti; cioe, settemila seicento settanta nove Ducati, a titolo di rimborso al detto Governo, per ispese da esso fatte per trasporto di diversi marineri Americani nell’ anno 1810, dal Regno di Napoli nell’ America, ed il remanente da dividersi ai reclamanti dal succennato Governo degli Stati Uniti, nel modo, e secondo che esso stimera opportuno di determinate.
Articolo 2°. La Somma dei due milioni cento quindici mila Ducati Napolitani, convenuta nell Articolo 1°. sara sodisfatta in Napoli, in noverate equali, ciascuna de Ducati dugento trenta cinque mila, coll ’ in teresse a scalare del quattro per cento, da percepirsi dall’ epoca del cambio delle ratifiche di questa Convenzione, sino all’ estinzione dell’ intesa somma. JI primo pagamento sara fatto dodici mesi dopo il cambio di dette ratifiche, ed i rimanenti successivamente un anno dopo 443 444 said ratifications, and the remaining instalments, with the interest, successively, one year after another.
The said payments shall be made in Naples into the hands of such person as shall be duly authorized by the Government of the United States to receive the same. Ratifications to be exchanged within eight months. Article 3d. The present convention shall be ratified and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged in this capital, in the space of eight months from this date or sooner if possible. In faith whereof the parties above named have respectively subscribed these articles, and thereto affixed their seals.
Done at Naples on the 14th day of October one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two. JNO. NELSON, (l. s.) TREATY WITH RUSSIA.(*a*)(*a*) For notes of the treaties between the United States and Russia, see ante, page 302. Dec. 6/18, 1832. Ratifications exchanged, May 11, 1833. Proclamation of the President of the U. S., May 11, 1833. In the name of the most Holy and Indivisible Trinity: The United States of America, and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, equally animated with the desire of maintaining the relations of good understanding, which have hitherto so happily subsisted between their respective States, and of extending and consolidating the commercial intercourse between them, have agreed to enter into negotiations for the conclusion of a treaty of navigation and commerce:
For which purpose the President of the United States has conferred full powers on James Buchanan, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near his Imperial Majesty; and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias has conferred like powers on the Sieur Charles Robert Count de Nesselrode, his Vice Chancellor, Knight of the Orders of Russia, and of many others, &c.: and the said Plenipotentiaries having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have concluded and signed the following articles:— Liberty of commerce and navigation.
Article I. There shall be between the territories of the High Contracting Parties, a reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation. The inhabitants of their respective States shall, mutually, have liberty to enter the ports, places, and rivers of the territories of each party, where-ever foreign commerce is permitted. They shall be at liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts whatsoever of said territories, in order to attend to their affairs, and they shall enjoy, to that effect, the same security and protection as natives of the country wherein they reside, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordinances there prevailing, and particularly to the regulations in force concerning commerce.
Tonnage duties reciprocally on the footing of the most favored nation. Article II. Russian vessels arriving either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the United States of America; and reciprocally, vessels of the United States arriving, either laden or in ballast, in the ports of the Empire of Russia, shall be treated, on their entrance, during their stay, and at their departure, upon the same footing as national vessels, coming from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage.
In regard to light-house duties, pilotage, and port charges, as well as to the fees and perquisites of public officers, and all other duties and charges, 445 l’altro. Questi pagamenti saranno fatti in Napoli nelle mani di chi sara all uopo autorizato dal Governo degli Stati Uniti. Articolo 3°. La presente Convenzione sará ratificata e le ratifiche saranno cambiale in questa Capitale, nello spazio di otto mesi da questa data, o piu presto se fia possible. En fede di che, le Parti di sopra accennate, hanno rispettivamente firmato questi Articoli, e vi hanno apposto i loro suggelli, Data in Napoli a di 14 di Ottobre mille ottocento trente due.
IL PRINCIPE DI CASSARO, (l. s.) TRAITÉ A RUSSIE. Au nom de la trés sainte et indivisible Trinité: Les Etats Unis d’Amérique et Sa Majesté L’Empereur de toutes les Russies, également animés du désir de maintenir les rapports de bonne intelligence qui ont si heureusement subsisté jusqu’ici entre leurs Etats respectifs, et d’en étendre et consolider les relations commerciales, sont convenus d’entrer en négociation pour conclure un traité de commerce et de navigation: A cet effet, le Président des Etats Unis a muni de ses pleinspouvoirs le Sieur James Buchanan, Envoyé Extraordinaire et Ministre Plénipotentiaire des Etats Unis près Sa Majesté Impériale; et Sa Majesté L’Empereur de toutes les Russies a muni des mêmes pouvoirs, le Sieur Charles Robert Comte de Nesselrode, son Vice Chancelier, Chevalier des Ordres de Russie et de plusieurs autres, &c.: lesquels Plénipotentiaires, après avoir échangé leurs Pleinspouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté et signé les articles suivans:— Article I.
Il y aura entre les territoires des Hautes Parties Contractantes, liberté et réciprocité de commerce et de navigation. Les habitans de leurs Etats respectifs pourront réciproquement entrer dans les ports, places, et rivierès des territoires de chacune d’elles, partout où le commerce étranger est permis. Us seront libres de s’y arrêter et rési der dans quelque partie que ce soit des dits territoires pour y vaquen à leurs affairés; et ils jouiront à cet effet de la même sécurité et protection que les habitans du pays, dans lequel ils résideront, à charge de se soumettre aux lois et ordonnances y établies, et en particulier aux réglemens de commerce en vigueur.
Article II. Les bátimens Russes, arrivant sur lest ou chargés dans les ports des Etats Unis d’Amérique, et réciproquement les bátimens des Etats Uqis arrivant sur lest ou chargés dans les ports de l’Empire de Russie, seront traités à leur entrée, pendant leur séjour, et ù leur sortie, sur le même pied, que les bátimens nationaux, venant du même lieu, par rapport aux droits de tonnage. Pour ce qui concerne les droits de fanaux, de pilotage et de port, ainsi que les vacations des officiers publics, et tout autre droit ou charge, de quelque espèce ou dénomina- 446 of whatever kind or denomination, levied upon vessels of commerce, in the name or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, the High Contracting Parties shall reciprocally treat each other upon the footing of the most favored nations with whom they have not treaties now actually in force, regulating the said duties and charges on the basis of an entire reciprocity.
Merchandise imported in the vessels of either party, not to be subject to increased duties. Article III. All kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully imported into the ports of the Empire of Russia in Russian vessels, may, also, be so imported in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit, of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishment whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce had been imported in Russian vessels.
And reciprocally, all kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully imported into the ports of the United States of America, in vessels of the said States, may, also, be so imported in Russian vessels, without paying other or higher duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce had been imported in vessels of the United States of America.
The same rule to obtain, whether arriving from their own or from foreign ports. Article IV. It is understood that the stipulations contained in the two preceding articles, are, to their full extent, applicable to Russian vessels and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the United States of America; and reciprocally, to vessels of the said States and their cargoes, arriving in the ports of the Empire of Russia, whether the said vessels clear directly from the ports of the country to which they respectively belong, or from the ports of any other foreign country.
Merchandise which may be exported in national vessels, may be so in those of either party. Article V. All kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully exported from the ports of the United States of America in national vessels, may, also, be exported therefrom in Russian vessels without paying other or higher duties or charges, of what ever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments what soever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce, had been exported in vessels of the United States of America.
And reciprocally, all kind of merchandise and articles of commerce, which may be lawfully exported from the ports of the Empire of Russia in national vessels, may also be exported therefrom in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties or charges of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if the same merchandise or articles of commerce had been exported in Russian vessels.
No higher duties shall be imposed than on the same articles from other countries. Article VI. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States, of any article, the produce or manufacture of Russia; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Empire of Russia, of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be, payable on the like article, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country.
Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation or All prohibitions shall be general.exportation of any article the produce or manufacture of the United States or of Russia, to, or from the ports of the United States, or to, or from the ports of the Russian Empire, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. 447 tion que ce soit, perçus des bátimens de commerce, au nom ou au profit du gouvernement, des autorités locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques, les Hautes Parties Contractantes se traiteront réciproquement sur le pied des nations les plus favorisées avec lesquelles elles n’ont pas de traité actuellement en vigueur, qui règle les dits droits et charges sur la base d’une entière réciprocité.
Article III. Toute espèce de marchandises et objets de commerce qui pourront légalement être importés dans les ports de l’Empire de Russie sur des bátimens Russes, pourront également y être importés sur des bátimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique, sans payer d’autres ou de plus forts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom ou au profit du gouvernement, des autorités locales, ou d’ établissemens particuliers quelconques, que s'ils étaient importés sur des bátimens Russes.
Et réciproquement, tout espèce de marchandises et objets de commerce qui pourront légalement être importés dans les ports des Etats Unis d’Amérique sur les bátimens des dits Etats, pourront également y être importés sur des bátimens Russes, sans payer d’autres ou de plus forts droits ou charges de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom ou au profit du gouvernement, des autorités locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques, que s’ils étaient importés sur des bátimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique.
Article IV. Il est entendu que les stipulations contenues dans les deux articles précédons, sont, dans toute leur plénitude, applicables aux bátimens Russes et leurs cargaisons, arrivant dans les ports des Etats Unis d’Amérique; et réciproquement aux bátimens des dits Etats et leurs cargaisons, arrivant dans les ports de l’Empire de Russie, soit que les dits bátimens viennent des ports du pays, auquel ils appartiennent, soit de ceux de tout autre pays étranger. Article V. Toute espèce de marchandises et objets de commerce, qui pourront être légalement exportés des ports des Etats Unis d’Amérique sur des bátimens nationaux, pourront également en être exportés sur des bátimens Russes, sans payer d’autres ni de plus forts droits, ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus, au nom ou au profit du gouvernement, des autorités locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques, que si ces mêmes marchandises ou denrées étaient exportées par des bátimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique.
Et réciproquement, toute espece de marchandise et objets de commerce qui pourront être légalement exportés des ports de l’Empire de Russie, sur des bátimens nationaux, pourront également en être exportés sur des bátimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique, sans payer d’autres ou de plus forts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom ou au profit du gouvernement, des autorités locales, ou d’ établissemens particuliers quelconques, que si ces marchandises ou denrées étaient exportées sur des bátimens Russes.
Article VI. Il ne sera imposé d’autres ni de plus forts droits sur l’importation dans les Etats Unis des articles, provenant du sol ou de l’industrie de l’Empire de Russie; et il ne sera imposé d’autres ni de plus forts droits sur l’importation dans l’Empire de Russie, des articles provenant du sol ou de l’industrie des Etats Unis, que ceux qui sont ou seront imposés sur les mêmes articles provenant du sol ou de l’industrie de tout autre pays étranger. De même, il ne sera imposé sur l’importation ou sur l’exportation des articles provenant du sol ou de l’industrie des Etats Unis ou de l’Empire de Russie, à l’entrée ou à la sortie des ports des Etats Unis, ou de ceux de l’Empire de Russie, aucune prohi bition, qui ne soit pas également applicable à toute autre nation. 448 Coasting trade excepted.
Article VII. It is expressly understood that the preceding articles II, III, IV, V, and VI, shall not be applicable to the coastwise navigation of either of the two countries, which each of the High Contracting Parties reserves exclusively to itself. Consuls, &c. Their authority and privileges. Article VIII. The two Contracting Parties shall have the liberty of having in their respective ports, Consuls, Vice Consuls, agents and commissaries, of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers, as those of the most favored nations; but if any such Consul shall exercise commerce, they shall be submitted to the same laws and usages to which the private individuals of their nation are submitted, in the same place.
Consuls, &c. to judge and arbitrate in certain cases: The Consuls, Vice Consuls, and commercial Agents, shall have the right, as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews, or of the captain, should disturb the order or the tranquillity of the country, or the said Consuls, Vice Consuls, or Commercial Agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported.
It is, however, understood, that this species of judgment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of their country. Consuls, &c. may require the assistance of the local authorities to arrest deserters. Article IX. The said Consuls, Vice Consuls and Commercial Agents, are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities, for the search, arrest, detention and imprisonment of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of their country.
For this purpose they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges and officers, and shall, in writing, demand said deserters, proving by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews, or by other official documents, that such individuals formed part of the crews; and this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall not be refused. Deserters to be sent hack within four months. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said Consuls, Vice Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the request and cost of those who shall claim them, in order to be detained until the time when they shall be restored to the vessels to which they belonged, or sent back to their own country by a vessel of the same nation or any other vessel whatsoever.
But if not sent back within four months, from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. However, if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offence, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which his case shall be depending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence-shall have been carried into effect. Succession to personal estate, and disposal thereof. Article X. The citizens and subjects of each of the High Contracting Parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by testament, donation, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens or subjects of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or *ab intestato,* and may take possession thereof, either by themselves, or by others acting for them, and dispose of the same, at will, paying to the profit of the respective governments, such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein the said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases.
And in case of the absence of the representative, such care shall be taken of the said goods, as would be taken of the goods of a native of the same country in like case, until the lawful owner may take measures for receiving them. And if a question should arise among several 449 Article VII. Il est expressément entendu que les articles précédens II, III, IV, V et VI, ne sont point applicables à la navigation de côte ou cabotage de chacun des deux pays, que l’une et l’autre des Hautes Parties Contractantes se réservent exclusivement.
Article VIII. Les deux Parties Contractantes auront la faculté, d’avoir dans leurs ports respectifs des Consuls, Vice Consuls, Agens et Commissaires de leur choix, qui jouiront des mêmes privilèges et pouvoirs dont jouissent ceux des nations les plus favorisées; mais dans le cas où les dits Consuls veulent faire le commerce, ils seront soumis aux mêmes lois et usages, auxquels sont soumis les particuliers de leur nation à l’endroit où ils resident. Les Consuls, Vice Consuls et Agens Commerciaux auront le droit, comme tels, de servir de juges et d’arbitres dans les différends qui pour raient s’élever entre les capitaines et les équipages des bátimens de la nation, dont ils soignent les intérêts sans que les autorités locales puissent y intervenir, à moins que la conduite des équipages, ou du capitaine ne troublát l’ordre ou la tranquillité du pays, ou que les dits Consuls, Vice Consuls ou Agens Commerciaux, ne réquissent leur intervention pour faire exécuter ou maintenir leurs décisions; bien entendu que cette espèce de jugement ou d’arbitrage ne saurait pourtant priver les parties contendantes du droit qu’elles ont à leurs retour, de recourir aux autorités judiciaires de leur pays.
Article IX. Les dits Consuls, Vice Consuls ou Agens Commerciaux sont autorisés à réquérir l’assistance des autorités locales pour la recherche, l’arrestation, la détention et l’ imprisonnement des déserteurs, des navires de guerre et marchands de leur pays, ils s’adresseront pour cet objet aux tribunaux, juges et officiers compétens, et réclameront par écrit, les déserteurs susmentionnés, prouvant par la communication des régistres de navires, ou rôles de l’équipage, ou par d’autres documens officiels, que de tels individus, ont fait partie des dits équipages, et cette réclamation ainsi prouvée, l’extradition ne sera point refusée.
De tels déserteurs, lorsqu’ils auront été arrêtés, seront mis à la dis position des dits Consuls, Vice Consuls ou Agens Commerciaux, et pourront être enfermés dans les prisons publiques, à la réquisition et aux frais de ceux qui les réclamant, pour être détenus jusqu’au moment, où ils seront rendus aux navires, auxquels ils appartenaient, ou renvoyés dans leur patrie par un bátiment de la même nation ou un autre bátiment quelconque. Mais s’ils ne sont pas renvoyés dans l’éspace de quatre mois, à compter du jour de leur arrestation, ils seront mis en liberté et ne seront plus arretés pour la même cause.
Toutefois, si le déserteur se trouvait avoir commis quelque crime ou délit, il pourra être sursis à son extradition jusqu’à ce que le tribunal nanti de l’affaire, aura fendu sa sentence, et que celle-ci ait reçu son exécution. Article X. Les citoyens et sujets de chacune des Hautes Parties Contractantes auront dans les états de l’autre, la liberté de disposer de leurs biens personnels, soit par testament, donation ou autrement; et leurs héritiers, étant citoyens ou sujets de l’autre Partie Contractante, succéderont à leurs biens, soit en vertu d’un testament, soit *ab intestato,* et ils pourront en prendre possession, soit en personne, soit par d’autres agissant en leur place, et en disposeront à volonté, en ne payant, au profit des gouvernemens respectifs, d’autres droits, que ceux, auxquels les habitans du pays où se trouvent les dits biens, sont assujettis eu pareille occasion.
En cas d’absence des héritiers, on prendra provisoirement des dits biens les mêmes soins, qu’on aurait pris en pareille occasion des biens des natifs du même pays, jusqu’à ce que le propriétaire légitime ait pris des arrangemens pour receuillir l’héritage. S’il 450 claimants as to which of them said goods belong, the same shall he decided, finally, by the laws and judges of the land wherein the said goods are. And where, on the death of any person holding real estate, within the territories of one of the High Contracting Parties, such real estate would, by the laws of the land, descend on a citizen or subject of the other party, who by reason of alienage may be incapable of holding it, he shall be allowed the time fixed by the laws of the country, and in case the laws of the country actually in force, may not have fixed any such time, he shall then be allowed a reasonable time to sell such real estate and to withdraw and export the proceeds without molestation, and without paying to the profit of the respective governments any other dues than those to which the inhabitants of the country wherein said real estate is situated, shall be subject to pay, in like cases.
But this article shall not derogate, in any manner, from the force of the laws already published, or which may hereafter be published by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, to prevent the emigration of his subjects. Favors granted to other nations shall become common. Article XI. If either party shall, hereafter, grant to any other nation, any particular favor in navigation or commerce, it shall, immediately, become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other nation, or on yielding the same compensation, when the grant is conditional.
Treaty to extend to Poland, and to continue in force until 1st January 1839. Article XII. The present treaty, of which the effect shall extend, in like manner, to the kingdom of Poland, so far as the same may be applicable thereto, shall continue in force until the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, and if, one year before that day, one of the High Contracting Parties, shall not have announced to the other, by an official notification, its intention to arrest the operation thereof, this treaty shall remain obligatory one year beyond that day, and so on, until the expiration of the year which shall commence after the date of a similar notification.
Ratifications to be exchanged within twelve months. Article XIII. The present treaty shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the said States, and by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city of Washington within the space of one year, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty, in duplicate, and affixed thereto the seal of their arras.
Done at St. Petersburg the sixth eighteenth December, in the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two. JAMES BUCHANAN, (l. s.) SEPARATE ARTICLE. Certain special stipulations not to be invoked. Certain relations of proximity, and anterior engagements, having rendered it necessary for the Imperial Government to regulate the commercial relations of Russia with Prussia and the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway by special stipulations, now actually in force, and which may be renewed hereafter; which stipulations are, in no manner, connected with the existing regulations for foreign commerce in general; the two High Contracting Parties, wishing to remove from their commercial relations every kind of ambiguity or subject of discussion, have 451 s’élève des contestations entre les différens prétendans ayant droit à la succession, elles seront décidées en dernier ressort, selon les lois et par les juges du pays où la succession est vacante.
Et si, par la mort de quelque personne possédant des bieus fond sur lo territoire de l’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, ces bien fonds venaient à passer, selon les lois du pays, à un citoyen ou sujet de l’autre partie, et que celui-ci, par sa qualité d’étranger, fút inhabile à les posséder, il jouira du délai fixé par les lois du pays, et dans le cas où les lois du pays actuellement existante n’en fixeraient aucun, il obtiendra un délai convenable pour vendre ces biens-fonds et pour en retirer et exporter le produit sans obstacle et sans payer au profit des gouvernemens respectifs, d’autres droits que ceux auxquels les habitans du pays où se trouve les biens-fonds, sont assujettis en pareille occasion.
Mais cet article ne dérogera en aucune manière à la force des lois qui ont déjà été publiées, ou qui pourraient l’être par la suite, par Sa Majesté L’Empereur de toutes les Russies, pour prévenir l’émigration de ses sujets. Article XI. Si l’une des Parties Contractantes accorde par la suite à d’autres nations quelque faveur particulière en fait de commerce ou de navigation, cette faveur deviendra aussitôt commune à l’autre partie, qui en jouira gratuitement, si la concession est gratuite, ou en accordant la même compensation, si la concession est conditionelle.
Article XII. Le présent traité dont l’éffet s’étendra également au Royaume de Pologne, pour autant qu’il peut lui être applicable, restera en vigueur jusqu’au premier Janvier de l’an de Gráce 1839, et si un an avant ce terme, l’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, n’avait pas annoncé à l’autre, par une notification officielle, son intention d’en faire cesser l’effet, ce traité restera obligatoire une année au delà et ainsi de suite, jusqu’à l’expiration de l'année qui commencera après la date d’une semblable notification.
Article XIII. Le présent traité sera approuvé et ratifié par le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique, par et avec l’avis et le consentement du Sénat des dits Etats, et par Sa Majesté L’Empereur de toutes les Russies; et les ratifications en seront échangées en la ville de Washington dans l’espace d’un an, ou plutôt si faire se peut. En foi de quoi, les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé le présent traité en duplicata, et y ont apposé le cachet de leurs armes. Fait à Saint Petersbourg le six dixhult Décembre l’an de grace mil-huit centtrente-deux.
CHARLES COMTE DE NESSELRODE, (l. s.) ARTICLE SÉPARÉ. Des rapports de voisinage et des engsgemens antérieurs, ayant mis le Gouvernement Impérial dans le cas de régler les relations commer ciales de la Russie avec la Prusse, et les Royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, par des stipulations spéciales, actuellement en vigueur, et qui pourront être renouvelées dans la suite, sans que les dites stipulations soient liées aux réglemens existans pour le commerce étranger en général, les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes, voulant écarter de leurs relations commerciales toute espèce d’équivoque ou de motif de discus- 452 agreed, that the special stipulations granted to the commerce of Prussia, and of Sweden and Norway, in consideration of equivalent advantages granted in these countries, by the one to the commerce of the kingdom of Poland, and by the other to that of the Grand Dutchy of Finland, shall not, in any case, be invoked in favor of the relations of commerce and navigation, sanctioned between the two High Contracting Parties by the present treaty.
The present separate article shall have the same force and value as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time. In faith whereof, we, the undersigned, by virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present separate article, and affixed thereto the seals of our arms. Done at Saint Petersburg, the sixth eighteenth December, in the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two. JAMES BUCHANAN, (l. s.) 453 sion, sont tombées d’accord, que ces stipulations spéciales accordées au commerce de la Prusse, de la Suède et de la Norvège, en considération d’advantages équivalons, accordés dans ces pays, d’une part au com merce du Royaume de Pologne, de l’autre à celui du Grand Duché de Finlande, ne pourront dans aucun cas être invoquées en faveur des relations de commerce et de navigation, sanctionnées entre les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes par le présent traité.
Le présent article séparé aura la même force et valeur que s’il était inséré mot à mot dans le traité signé aujourd’hui, et sera ratifié en même temps. En foi de quoi, nous, soussignés, en vertu de nos pleinspouvoirs respectifs, avons signé le présent article séparé, et y avons apposé le cachet de nos armes. Fait à Saint Pétersbourg le six dixhuit Décembre, l’an de Grace mil-huit-cent-trente-deux. CHARLES COMTE DE NESSELRODE, (l. s.) March 20, 1833 Treaty
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