Treaty.
47,494 words·~216 min read·
/statutes-at-large/vol-8/treaty-p282·A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
8 Stat. 282 TREATY WITH GREAT BRITAIN.July 12, 1822.Ratified. Exchange of ratifications, Jan, 10, 1823. In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity: The President of the United States of America, and His Majesty theThe U. S. and Great Britain agree to refer certain differences to the Emperor of Russia, in pursuance of the 5th article of the convention of 20th Oct. 1818; ante, p. 249.His Majesty’s award. King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, having agreed, in pursuance of the fifth article of the Convention concluded at London on the 20th day of October, 1818, to refer the differences which had arisen between the two governments, upon the true construction and meaning of the first article of the Treaty of Peace and Amity, concluded at Ghent on the 24th day of December, 1814, to the friendly arbitration of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, mutually engaging to consider his decision as final and conclusive.
And his said Imperial Majesty having, after due consideration, given his decision upon these differences in the following terms, to wit: “That the United States of America are entitled to claim from GreatU. S. entitled to indemnification for slaves, &c. which were in the possession of the British, and carried away by them. Britain a just indemnification for all private property, which the British forces may have carried away; and as the question relates to slaves more especially, for all the slaves that the British forces may have carried away from places and territories of which the Treaty stipulates the restitution, in quitting these same places and territories.
“That the United States are entitled to consider as having been soTo be indemnified for certain other slaves. carried away, all such slaves as may have been transferred from the above-mentioned territories to British vessels within the waters of the said territories, and who for this reason may not have been restored. "But that if there should be any American slaves who were carriedFor American slaves, carried away from territories not stipulated to be restored, no indemnification to be claimed. away from territories of which the first article of the Treaty of Ghent has not stipulated the restitution to the United States, the United States are *not* entitled to claim an indemnification for the said slaves.
” Now for the purpose of carrying into effect this award of His ImperialHis Imperial Majesty’s good offices have been invoked to assist in framing convention. Majesty, as arbitrator, his good offices have been farther invoked to assist in framing such Convention or Articles of Agreement between the United States of America and His Britannic Majesty, as shall provide the mode of ascertaining and determining the value of slaves and of other private property, which may have been carried away in contra- 283 *bonâ fide* pour les ports de l’une ou l’autre nation, dans la confiance qu’elle était en vigueur.
En foi de quoi, les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé la présente convention, et y ont apposé leurs sceaux, en la ville de Washington, ce 24me jour de Juin, de l’an de notre seigneur, 1822. G. HYDE DE NEUVILLE, (l. s.) JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. (l. s.) ARTICLE SÉPARÉ. Les droits extraordinaires levés de part et d’autre jusqu’à ce jour, en vertu de l’acte du Congrès du 15 Mai, 1820, et de l’ordonnance du 26 Juillet de la même année et autres la confirmant, qui n’ont point déjà été remboursés, seront restitués.
Signé et scellé comme ci-dessus ce 24me jour de Juin, 1822. G. HYDE DE NEUVILLE, (l. s.) JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. (l. s.) TRAITE À GRANDE BRETAGNE. Au nom de la très-sainte & indivisible Trinité: Le Président des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, & Sa Majesté le Roi du Royaume uni de la Grande Bretagne & de l’Irlande, ayant décidé d’un commun accord, en conséquence de l’article V. de la Convention conclue à Londres le 20 Octobre, 1815, que les différends qui se sont élevés entre les deux gouvernements sur la construction & le vrai sens du 1 r article du Traité de paix & d’amitié, conclu à Gand le 24 Décembre, 1814, seraient déférés à l’arbitrage amical de Sa Majesté l’Empereur de toutes les Russies; s’étant en outre engagés réciproquement à regarder sa décision comme finale & définitive; & Sa Majesté Impériale après mûre considération, ayant émis cette décision dans les termes suivants:
“Que les Etats-Unis d’Amérique sont en droit de réclamer de la Grand Bretagne une juste indemnité pour toutes les propriétés particulières que les forces Britanniques auraient emportées; & comme il s’agit plus spécialement d’esclaves, pour tous les esclaves que les forces Britanniques auraient emmenés des lieux & territoires dont le traité stipule la restitution, en quittant ces mêmes lieux & territoires. “Que les Etats-Unis sont en droit de regarder comme emmenés tous ceux de ces esclaves qui, des territoires indiqués ci-dessus auraient été transportés à bord de vaisseaux Britanniques mouillés dans les eaux des dits territoires, & qui par ce motif n’auraient pas été restitués.
“Mais que s’il y a des esclaves Américains emmenés de territoires dont l’article 1 r du traité de Gand n’a pas stipulé la restitution aux Etats-Unis, les Etats-Unis ne sont pas en droit de réclamer une indemnité pour les dits esclaves.” Comme il s’agit à présent de mettre cette sentence arbitrale à exécution, les bons offices de Sa Majesté Impériale ont été encore invoqués, afin qu’une convention arrêtée entre les Etats Unis & Sa Majesté Britannique stipula les articles d’un accord propre à établir d’une part, le mode à suivre pour fixer & déterminer la valeur des esclaves ou autres propriétés privées qui auraient été emmenés en contravention au Traité 284 vention of the Treaty of Ghent, and for which indemnification is to be made to the citizens of the United States, in virtue of His Imperial Majesty’s said award, and shall secure compensation to the sufferers for their losses, so ascertained and determined.
And His Imperial Majesty has consented to lend his mediation for the above purpose, and has constituted and appointed Charles Robert Count Nesselrode, HisRussian plenipotentiaries, Charles Robert Count Nesselrode, and John Count Capodistrias. Imperial Majesty’s Privy Counsellor, Member of the Council of State, Secretary of State directing the Imperial Department of Foreign Affairs, Chamberlain, Knight of the order of Saint Alexander Nevsky, Grand Cross of the order of Saint Vladimir of the first class, Knight of that of the White Eagle of Poland, Grand Cross of the order of St.
Stephen of Hungary, of the Black and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the Legion of Honour of France, of Charles III. of Spain, of St. Ferdinand and of Merit of Naples, of the Annunciation of Sardinia, of the Polar Star of Sweden, of the Elephant of Denmark, of the Golden Eagle of Wittenberg, of Fidelity of Baden, of St. Constantine of Parma, and of Guelph of Hanovre; and John Count Capodistrias, His Imperial Majesty’s Privy Counsellor, and Secretary of State, Knight of the order of St.
Alexander Nevsky, Grand Cross of the order of St. Vladimir of the first class, Knight of that of the White Eagle of Poland, Grand Cross of the order of St. Stephen of Hungary, of the Black and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the Legion of Honour of France, of Charles III. of Spain, of St. Ferdinand and of Merit of Naples, of St. Maurice and of St. Lazarus of Sardinia, of the Elephant of Denmark, of Fidelity and of the Lion of Zahringeu of Baden, Burgher of the Canton of Vaud, and also of the Canton and of the Republic of Geneva, as his Plenipotentiaries to treat, adjust, and conclude, such articles of Agreement as may tend to the attainment of the above mentioned end, with the Plenipotentiaries of the United States and of His Britannic Majesty; that is to say: on the part of the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, Henry Middleton, aPlenipotentiary of the United States, Henry Middleton. citizen of the said United States, and their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias: and on the part of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable Sir Charles Bagot,Plenipotentiary of Great Britain, Bagot. one of His Majesty’s most Honourable Privy Council, Knight Grand Cross of the most honourable order of the Bath, and His Majesty’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias:
And the said Plenipotentiaries, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, found in goodFull powers communicated. and due form, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I. For the purpose of ascertaining and determining the amount of indemnificationArbitrators and commissioners to be appointed; to meet as a board in the city of Washington, &c. which may be due to citizens of the United States under the decision of his Imperial Majesty, two Commissioners and two Arbitrators shall be appointed in the manner following; that is to say: one commissioner and one arbitrator shall be nominated and appointed by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof: and one commissioner and one arbitrator shall be appointed by his Britannic Majesty.
And the two commissioners and two arbitrators, thus appointed, shall meet and hold their sittings as a Board in the city of Washington. They shall have power to appoint a Secretary, and before proceeding to the other business of the commission, they shall, respectively, take the following oath (or affirmation) in the presence of each other. Which oath or affirmation, being so taken, and duly attested, shall be entered on the record of theirOath or affirmation to be taken in presence of each other. proceedings; that is to say:
“I, A B, one of the commissioners (or arbitrators, as the case may be,) appointed in pursuance of the conven- 285 de Gand, et pour lesquels les citoyens des Etats-Unis auraient droit de réclamer une indemnité en vertu de la décision ci-dessus mentionnée de Sa Majesté Impériale; de l’autre à assurer un dédommagement aux individus qui ont supporté les pertes qu’il s’agit de vérifier et d’évaluer. Sa Majesté Impériale a consenti à prêter sa médiation pour le dit objet, & a fondé & nommé Charles Robert Comte de Nesselrode, Son Conseiller privé, Membre du Conseil d’Etat, Secrétaire d’Etat dirigeant le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Chambellan actuel, Chevalier de l’ordre de St.
Alexandre Nevsky, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Wladimir de la Ire classe, Chevalier de celui de l’Aigle Blanc de Pologne, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Étienne de Hongrie, de l’Aigle Noir & de l’Aigle Rouge de Prusse, de la Légion d’Honneur de France, de Charles III. d’Espagne, de St. Ferdinand & du Mérite de Naples, de l’Annonciade de Sardaigne, de l’Étoile Polaire de Suède, de l’Éléphant de Dannemare, de l’Aigle d’or de Würtemberg, de la Fidélité de Bade, de St. Constantin de Parme, & des Guelfes de Hanovre; & le Sieur Jean Comte de Capodistria, Son Conseiller privé & Secrétaire d’Etat, Chevalier de l’ordre de St.
Alexandre Nevsky, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Wladimir de la Ire classe, Chevalier de celui de l’Aigle Blanc de Pologne, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Étienne de Hongrie, de l’Aigle Noir & de l’Aigle Rouge de Prusse, de la Légion d’Honneur de France, de Charles III. d’Espagne, de St. Ferdinand & du Mérite de Naples, des Sts. Maurice & Lazare de Sardaigne, de l’Éléphant de Dannemare, de la Fidélité et du Lion de Zahringen de Bade, Bourgeois du Canton de Vaud, ainsi que du Canton & de la République de Genève, pour ses Plénipotentiaires à l’effet de négocier, régler & conclure tels articles d’un accord qui pourraient faire atteindre la fin indiquée plus haut, conjointement avec les Plénipotentiaires des Etats-Unis & de Sa Majesté Britannique, savoir, de la part du Président des Etats-Unis, de l’avis & du consentement de leur Sénat, Henry Middleton, citoyen des dits Etats-Unis & leur Envoyé Extraordinaire & Ministre Plénipotentiaire près Sa Majesté Impériale, & de la part de Sa Majesté le Roi du Royaume Uni de la Grande Bretagne & de l’Irlande, le très honorable Sir Charles Bagot, l’un des membres du très honorable Conseil privé de Sa Majesté, Chevalier Grand Croix du très honorable ordre du Bain & son Ambassadeur Extraordinaire & Plénipotentiaire près Sa Majesté Impériale: lesquels Plénipotentiaires, après s’être réciproquement communiqué leurs plein pouvoirs respectifs, trouvés en bonne & due forme, sont convenus des articles suivants:
ARTICLE I. Pour vérifier & déterminer le montant de l’indemnité qui pourra être dû aux citoyens des Etats Unis par suite de la décision de sa Majesté Impériale, deux commissaires & deux arbitres seront nommés de la manière suivante, savoir: Un commissaire & un arbitre seront nommés & accrédités, par le Président des Etats Unis, de l’avis & du consentement de leur Sénat; l’autre commissaire & l’autre arbitre seront nommés par Sa Majesté Britannique. Les deux commissaires & les deux arbitres, ainsi nommés, se réuniront en Conseil, & tiendront leurs séances dans la ville de Washington.
Ils auront le pouvoir de choisir un Secrétaire, & avant de procéder au travail de la commission, ils devront prêter respectivement & en présence les uns des autres, le serment ou l’affirmation qui suit, & ce serment ou affirmation prêté & formellement attesté fera partie du protocole de leurs actes & sera conçu ainsi qu’il suit: “Moi A B, l’un des commissaires (ou arbitres, suivant le cas,) nommés en exécution de la convention conclue à St. Péters- 286 tion concluded at St. Petersburg on the 30th 12th day of June, July, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, between his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the United States of America, and his Britannic Majesty, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will diligently, impartially, and carefully, examine, and, to the best of my judgment, according to justice and equity, decide all matters submitted to me as commissioner (or arbitrator, as the case may be.) under the said convention.
” All vacancies occurring by death or otherwise shall be filled up in theVacancies to be filled up in the manner of the original appointment. manner of the original appointment, and the new commissioners or arbitrators shall take the same oath or affirmation, and perform the same duties. ARTICLE II. If, at the first meeting of this board, the governments of the UnitedIf an average value be not agreed upon as compensation, the commissioners and arbitrators shall fix an average value.
States and of Great Britain shall not have agreed upon an average value, to be allowed as compensation for each slave for whom indemnification may be due; then, and in that case, the commissioners and arbitrators shall conjointly proceed to examine the testimony which shall be produced under the authority of the President of the United States, together with such other competent testimony as they may see cause to require or allow, going to prove the true value of slaves at the period of the exchange of the ratifications of the treaty of Ghent; and upon the evidence so obtained, they shall agree upon and fix the average value.
But in case that a majority of the board of commissioners and arbitratorsIn case they do not agree, the evidence, &c. shall be submitted to the minister of the mediating power, &c. should not be able to agree respecting such average value, then and in that case, recourse shall be had to the arbitration of the minister or other agent of the mediating power, accredited to the government of the United States. A statement of the evidence produced, and of the proceedings of the board thereupon, shall be communicated to the said minister or agent, and his decision, founded upon such evidence and proceedings, shall be final and conclusive.
And the said average value, when fixed and determined by either of the three before mentioned methods, shall in all cases serve as a rule for the compensation to be awarded for each and every slave, for whom it may afterwards be found that indemnification is due. ARTICLE III. When the average value of slaves shall have been ascertained andThe two commissioners to constitute a board for the examination of claims. fixed, the two commissioners shall constitute a board for the examination of the claims which are to be submitted to them, and they shall notify to the Secretary of State of the United States, that they are ready to receive a definite list of the slaves and other private property, for which the citizens of the United States claim indemnification; it being understood and hereby agreed that the commission shall not take cognizance of, nor receive, and that his Britannic majesty shall not be required to make, compensation for any claims for private property under the first article of the treaty of Ghent, not contained in the said list.
And his Britannic majesty hereby engages to cause to be produced beforeHis Britannic Majesty to cause evidence of the number of slaves carried away to be produced. the commission, as material towards ascertaining facts, all the evidence of which his majesty’s government may be in possession, by returns from his majesty’s officers or otherwise, of the number of slaves carried away. But the evidence so produced, or its defectiveness, shall not go in bar of any claim or claims which shall be otherwise satisfactorily authenticated.
ARTICLE IV. The two Commissioners are hereby empowered and required to goThe two commissioners to examine and determine claims, how. into an examination of all the claims submitted, through the above mentioned list, by the owners of slaves or other property, or by their lawful attorneys or representatives, and to determine the same, respectively, 287 bourg, le 30 Juin, 12 Julliet, mil-huit-cent-vingt & deux, entre Sa Majesté l’Empereur de toutes les Russies, les Etats-Unis d’Amérique, & Sa Majesté Britannique, jure ou affirme solennellement que j’examinerai avec diligence, impartialité & sollicitude, & que je déciderai d’après mon meilleur entendement & en toute justice & équité, toutes les réclamations qui me seront déférées en ma qualité de commissaire (ou d’arbitre, suivant le cas), à la suite de la dite convention.
” Les vacances causées par la mort ou autrement, seront remplies de la même manière qu’an moment de la nomination primitive, & les nouveaux commissaires ou arbitres devjront préter le même serment ou affirmation, & s’acquitter des mêmes devoirs. ARTICLE II. Si lors de la première réunion de ce conseil, le gouvernement des Etats Unis & celui de la Grande Bretagne ne sont point parvenus à déterminer d’un commun accord la valeur moyenne qui devra être assignée comme compensation pour chaque esclave, pour lequel il sera dû une indemnité, dans ce cas les commissaires et les arbitres procèderont conjointement à l’examen de tous les témoignages qui leur seront présentés par ordre du Président des Etats-Unis, ainsi que de tous les autres témoignages valables qu’ils croiront devoir requérir ou admettre dans la vue d’arrêter la véritable valeur des esclaves à l’époque de l’échange des ratifications du traité de Gand; & d’après les preuves qu’ils auront ainsi obtenues, ils établiront & fixeront la susdite valeur moyenne.
Dans le cas où la majorité du conseil des commissaires & arbitres ne pourroit pas s’accorder sur cette valeur proportionnelle, alors on aura recours à l’arbitrage du ministre ou autre agent de la puissance médiatrice accrédité auprès du gouvernement des Etats-Unis. Toutes les preuves produites & tous les actes des opérations du conseil à ce sujet, lui seront communiqués & la décision de ce ministre ou agent, basée, comme il vient d’être dit, sur ces preuves & sur les actes de ces opérations, sera regardée comme finale & définitive.
C’est sur la valeur moyenne fixée par un des trois modes mentionnés ci-dessus, que devra être réglée en tout état de cause la compensation qui sera accordée pour chaque esclave pour lequel on reconnoutra par la suite, qu’une indemnité est dûe. ARTICLE III. Lorsque le prorata aura été ainsi arrêté, les deux commissaires se constitueront, en conseil pour l’examen des réclamations qui leur seront soumises, & ils notifieront au Secrétaire d’Etat des Etats-Unis, qu’ils sont prêts à recevoir la liste définitive des esclaves & autres propriétés privées pour lesquels les citoyens des Etats-Unis réclament une indemnité.
Il est entendu que les commissaires ne sauroient examiner ni recevoir, & que Sa Majesté Britannique ne sauroit, en vertu des clauses de l’article Ir du traité de Gand, bonifier aucune prétention, qui ne seroit pas portée sur la dite liste. Sa Majesté Britannique s’engage d’autre part à ordonner, que tous les témoignages que son gouvernement peut avoir acquis par les rapports des officiers de sa dite Majesté ou par tout autre canal sur le nombre des esclaves emmenés, soyent mis sous les yeux des commissaires, afin de contribuer à la vérification des faits.
Mais soit que ses témoignages viennent à être produits, soit qu’ils manquent, cette circonstance ne pourra porter préjudice à une réclamation ou aux réclamations qui par une autre voie seront légitimées d’une manière satisfaisante. ARTICLE IV. Les deux Commissaires sont autorisés et chargés d’entrer dans l’examen de toutes les réclamations qui leur seront soumises au moyen de la liste cidessu’s mentionnée, par les propriétaires d’esclaves ou les possesseurs d’autres propriétés, ou par les procureurs ou mandataires de ceux- 288 according to the merits of the several cases, under the rule of the Imperial decision herein above recited, and having reference, if need there be, to the explanatory documents hereunto annexed, marked A and B.
And in considering such claims, the Commissioners are empowered and required to examine, on oath or affirmation, all such persons as shall come before them, touching the real number of the slaves, or value of other property, for which indemnification is claimed: and, also, to receive in evidence, according as they may think consistent with equity and justice, written depositions or papers, such depositions or papers being duly authenticated, either according to existing legal forms, or in such other manner as the said Commissioners shall see cause to require or allow.
ARTICLE V. In the event of the two commissioners not agreeing in any particularIf the commissioners shall not agree in any case, they shall draw by lot the name of one of the arbitrators, &c. case under examination, or of their disagreement upon any question which may result from the stipulations of this convention, then and in that case they shall draw by lot the name of one of the two arbitrators, who, after having given due consideration to the matter contested, shall consult with the commissioners; and a final decision shall be given, conformably to the opinion of the majority of the two commissioners, and of the arbitrator so drawn by lot.
And the arbitrator, when so acting with the two commissioners, shall be bound in all respects by the rules of proceeding enjoined by the fourth article of this convention upon the commissioners, and shall be vested with the same powers, and be deemed, for that case, a commissioner. ARTICLE VI. The decision of the two commissioners, or of the majority of theThe decision of the commissioners shall be final. board, as constituted by the preceding article, shall in all cases be final and conclusive, whether as to number, the value or the ownership of the slaves, or other property, for which indemnification is to be made.
And his Britannic Majesty engages to cause the sum awarded to eachHis Britannic Majesty engages to pay the sums awarded in specie. and every owner in lieu of his slave or slaves, or other property, to be paid in specie, without deduction, at such time or times, and at such place or places, as shall be awarded by the said commissioners, and on condition of such releases or assignments to be given, as they shall direct: provided that no such payment shall be fixed to take placeProviso. sooner than twelve months from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of this convention.
ARTICLE VII. It is farther agreed, that the commissioners and arbitrators shall beThe commissioners and arbitrators to be paid as shall be agreed upon, &c. respectively paid in such manner as shall be settled between the governments of the United States and Great Britain, at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of this convention. And all other expenses attending the execution of the commission, shall be defrayed jointly by the United States and His Britannic Majesty, the same being previously ascertained and allowed by the majority of the board.
ARTICLE VIII. A certified copy of this convention, when duly ratified by His MajestyCertified copies of this convention to be delivered to the minister of the mediating power. the Emperor of all the Russias, by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, and by His Britannic Majesty, shall be delivered by each of the contracting parties, respectively, to the minister or other agent of the mediating power, accredited to the government of the United States, as soon as may be after the ratifications shall have been exchanged, which last shall be 289 ci, & à prononcer sur ces réclamations, suivant le degré de leur mérite, la lettre de la décision Impériale citée plus haut, & en cas de besoin la teneur des documents ci-annexés & cotés A & B.
En considérant les dites réclamations, les Commissaires sont autorisés à interpeller sous serment ou affirmation telle personne qui se présenterait à eux, concernant le véritable nombre des esclaves ou la valeur de toute autre propriété pour laquelle il serait réclamé une indemnité; ils sont autorisés de même à recevoir autant qu’ils le jugeront conforme à l’équité & à la justice, toutes les dépositions écrites, qui seraient duement legitimées soit d’après les formes existantes, voulues par la loi, soit dans tout autre mode que les dits Commissaires auraient lieu d’exiger ou d’admettre.
ARTICLE V. Si les deux Commissaires ne parviennent pas à s’accorder sur une des réclamations qui seront soumises à leur examen, ou s’ils diffèrent d’opinion sur une question résultant de la présente convention, alors ils tireront au sort le nom d’un des deux arbitres, lequel après avoir pris en mûre délibération l’objet en litige, le discuter avec les commissaires. La décision finale sera prise conformément à l’opinion de la majorité des deux commissaires & de l’arbitre tiré au sort.
Dans des cas semblables l’arbitre sera tenu de procéder à tous égards d’après les règles prescrites aux commissaires par le 4me article de la présente convention. Il sera investi des mêmes pouvoirs & censé pour le moment faire les mêmes fonctions. ARTICLE VI. La décision des deux commissaires ou celle de la majorité du conseil formé ainsi qu’il a été dit en l’article précédent, sera dans tous les cas finale & définitive, soit relativement au nombre & à la valeur, soit pour la vérification de la propriété, des esclaves ou de tout autre bien meuble privé, pour lequel il sera réclamé une indemnité.
Et Sa Majesté Britannique prend l’engagement que la somme adjugée à chaque propriétaire en place de son esclave ou de ses esclaves, ou de toute autre propriété, sera payée en espèces sans déduction, à tel temps ou à tels termes, & dans tel lieu ou tels endroits, que l’auront prononcé les dits commissaires & sous clause de telles exemptions ou assignations, qu’ils l’auront arrêté: pourvu seulement qu’il ne soit pas fixé pour ces payemens de terme plus rapproché que celui de douze mois à partir du jour de l’échange des ratifications de la présente convention.
ARTICLE VII. Il est convenu en outre, que les commissaires & arbitres recevront de part & d’autre un traitement, dont les Gouvernements des Etats-Unis & de Sa Majesté Britannique se réservent de déterminer le montant & le mode, à l’époque de l’échange des ratifications de la présente convention. Toutes les autres dépenses qui accompagneront les travaux de la commission seront supportées conjointement par les Etats-Unis & par Sa Majesté Britannique. Ces dépenses devront d’ailleurs être au préalable vérifiées & admises par la majorité du conseil.
ARTICLE VIII. Lorsque la présente convention aura été duement ratifiée par Sa Majesté Impériale, par le Président des Etats-Unis de l’avis & du consentement de leur Sénat & par Sa Majesté Britannique, une copie vidimée en sera délivrée par chacune des parties contractantes au ministre ou autre agent de la puissance médiatrice, accrédité près le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis & cela le plutôt que faire se pourra, après que les ratifications auront été échangées: cette dernière formalité sera remplie à 290 effected at Washington, in six months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention, drawn up in two languages, and have hereunto affixed their seals. Done in triplicate, at St. Petersburg, this thirtieth twelfth day of June, July, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two. NESSELRODE. (l. s.) CAPODISTRIAS. (l. s.) HENRY MIDDLETON. (l. s.) CHARLES BAGOT. (l. s.) A. *Count Nesselrode to Mr. Middleton.*April 22, 1822. The undersigned Secretary of State, directing the Imperial administration of Foreign Affairs, has the honor to communicate to Mr.
Middleton, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, the opinion which the Emperor, his master, has thought it his duty to express upon the object of the differences which have arisen between the United States and Great Britain, relative to the interpretation of the first article of the Treaty of Ghent. Mr. Middleton is requested to consider this opinion as the award required of the Emperor by the two powers. He will doubtless recollect, that he, as well as the Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty, in all his memorials, has principally insisted on the grammatical sense of the first article of the Treaty of Ghent, and that, even in his note of the 4th [16th] November, 1821, he has formally declared, that it was on the *signification of the words in the text of the article as it now is,* that the decision of His Imperial Majesty should be founded.
The same declaration being made in the note of the British Plenipotentiary, dated 8th [20th] October, 1821, the Emperor had only to conform to the wishes expressed by the two parties, by devoting all his attention to the examination of the grammatical question. The above mentioned opinion will show the manner in which His Imperial Majesty judges of this question: and in order that the cabinet of Washington may also know the motives upon which the Emperor's judgment is founded, the undersigned has hereto subjoined an extract of some observations upon the literal sense of the first article of the Treaty of Ghent.
In this respect, the Emperor has confined himself to following the rules of the language employed in drawing up the act, by which the two powers have required his arbitration, and defined the object of their difference. His Imperial Majesty has thought it his duty, exclusively, to obey the authority of these rules, and his opinion could not but be the rigorous and necessary consequence thereof. The undersigned eagerly embraces this occasion to renew to Mr. Middleton the assurances of his most distinguished consideration.
NESSELRODE. *St. Petersburg,* 22*d April,* 1822. 291 Washington dans l’espace de six mois, de la date ci-dessous, ou plutôt s’il est possible. En foi de quoi, les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé la présente Convention & y ont apposé respectivement le cachet de leurs armes. Fait triple à St. Pétersbourg, 30 Juin, 12 Juillet, de l’année mil-huit-cent-vingt & deux. A. Le Soussigné, Secrétaire d’Etat dirigeant le Ministère Impérial des affaires étrangères, a l’honneur de communiquer à Monsieur de Middleton, Envoyé Extraordinaire & Ministre Plénipotentiaire des Etats Unis d’Amérique, l’opinion que l’Empereur, Son Maître, a cru devoir exprimer sur l’objet des différends qui se sont élevés entre les Etats Unis & la Grande Bretagne, relativement à l’interprétation de l’Article premier du Traité de Gand.
Monsieur de Middleton est invité à considérer cette opinion comme la décision arbitrale demandée à l’Empereur par les deux Puissances. Il se rappellera sans doute, qu’aussi bien que le Plénipotentiaire de S. M. Britannique, il a dans tous ses mémoires principalement insisté sur le sens grammatical de l’Art. I. du Traité de Gand, & que même dans sa note du 4 16 Novembre, 1821, il a formellement déclaré que c’était sur la *signification des mots dans le texte de l’article tel qu’il existe,* que devoit se fonder la décision de Sa Majesté Impériale.
La même déclaration étant consignée dans la note du Plénipotentiaire Britannique en date du 8 20 Octobre, 1821, L’Empereur n’a fait que se conformer aux vœux énoncés par les deux Parties, en vouant toute son attention à l’examen de la question grammaticale. L’opinion ci-dessus mentionnée fera connoître la manière dont Sa Majesté Impériale juge cette question, & afin que le Cabinet de Washington connoisse également les motifs sur lesquels se fonde le jugement de L’Empereur, le Soussigné joint à la présente, un extrait de quelques observations, sur le sens littéral de l’Article premier du Traité de Gand.
Sous ce rapport, L’Empereur s’est borné à suivre les règles de la langue employée dans la rédaction de l’acte, par lequel les deux Puissances ont réclamé son arbitrage, & défini l’objet de leur différend. C’est uniquement à l’autorité de ces règles, que Sa Majesté Impériale a cru devoir obéir & Son Avis ne pouvoir qu’en être la conséquence rigoureuse & nécessaire. Le Soussigné saisit avec empressement cette occasion, pour réitérer à Monsieur de Middleton les assurances de sa considération très-distinguée. *St.
Pétersbourg, ce* 22 *Avril,*-1822. NESSELRODE. A Monsieur de Middleton, &c. &c. 292 A／. HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY’S AWARD.April 22, 1822. Invited by the United States of America and by Great Britain to give an opinion, as arbitrator in the differences which have arisen between these two powers, on the subject of the interpretation of the first article of the Treaty which they concluded at Ghent, on the 24th December, 1814, the Emperor has taken cognizance of all the acts, memorials, and notes, in which the respective plenipotentiaries have set forth to his administration of foreign affairs the arguments upon which each of the litigant parties depends in support of the interpretation given by it to the said article.
After having maturely weighed the observations exhibited on both sides: Considering that the American plenipotentiary and the plenipotentiary of Britain have desired that the discussion should be closed; Considering that the former, in his note of the 4th
(16th)November, 1821, and the latter, in his note of the 8th
(20th)October, of the same year, have declared that it is *upon the construction of the text of the article as it stands*, that the arbitrator’s decision should be founded, and that both have appealed, only as subsidiary means, to the general principles of the law of nations and of maritime law; The Emperor is of opinion “that the question can only be decided according to the literal and grammatical sense of the first article of the treaty of Ghent.” As to the literal and grammatical sense of the first article of the treaty of Ghent: Considering that the period upon the signification of which doubts have arisen, is expressed as follows: “All territory, places, and possessions, whatsoever, taken by either party from the other during the war, or which may be taken after the signing of this treaty, excepting only the islands hereinafter mentioned, shall be restored without delay, and without causing any destruction or carrying away any of the artillery or other public property *originally captured in the said forts or places, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications of this treaty*, or any slaves, or other private property; and all archives, records, deeds, and papers, either of a public nature, or belonging to private persons, which, in the course of the war, may have fallen into the hands of the officers of either party, shall be, as far as may be practicable, forthwith restored and delivered to the proper authorities and persons to whom they respectively belong.” Considering that, in this period, the words *originally captured, and which shall remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications*, form an incidental phrase, which can have respect, *grammatically*, only to the substantives or subjects which precede; That the first article of the treaty of Ghent thus prohibits the contracting parties from carrying away from the places of which it stipulates the restitution, only the public property, *which might have been originally captured there, and which should remain therein upon the exchange of the ratifications*, but that it prohibits the carrying away from these same places, *any private property* whatever; That, on the other hand, these two prohibitions are solely applicable to the places of which the article stipulates the restitution: The Emperor is of opinion: “That the United States of America are entitled to a just indemnifi- 293 A／. Invité par les Etats-Unis d’Amérique et par la Grande Bretagne à émettre une opinion, comme arbitre dans les différends qui se sont élevés entre ces deux Puissances, au sujet de l’interprétation de l’article premier du Traité qu’elles ont conclu à Gand, le 24 Décembre, 1814, l’Empereur a pris connaissance de tous les actes, mémoires et notes, où les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont exposé à Son Ministère des affaires étrangères, les arguments que chacune des parties en litige fait valoir à l’appui de l’interprétation qu’elle donne au dit article. Après avoir mûrement pesé les observations développées de part et d’autre: Considérant que le Plénipotentiaire Américain et le Plénipotentiaire Britannique ont demandé que la discussion fût close ; Considérant que le premier dans sa note du 4 16 Novembre, 1821, et le second dans sa note du 8 20 Octobre de la même année, ont déclaré, que c’est *sur la construction du texte de l’article, tel qu’il existe*, que la décision arbitrale doit se fonder, et que l’un et l’autre n’ont invoqué que comme moyens subsidiaires, les principes généraux de droit des gens et de droit maritime. L’Empereur est d’avis, “ que ce n’est que d’après le sens littéral et grammatical de l’article I, du traité de Gand, que la question peut être décidée.” Quant au sens littéral et grammatical de l’article I, du traité de Gand. Considérant que la période sur la signification de laquelle il s’élève des doutes, est construite ainsi qu’il suit: “Tous les territoires, lieux et possessions quelconques, pris par l’une des parties sur l’autre, durant la guerre, ou qui pourroient être pris après la signature du présent traité, à l’exception seulement des isles ci-dessous mentionnées, seront rendus sans délai et sans faire détruire ou emporter aucune partie de l’artillerie ou autre propriété publique *originairement prise dans les dits forts et lieux et qui s’y trouvera au moment de l’échange des ratifications du traité* ou aucuns esclaves ou autres propriétés privées. Et tous archives, registres, actes et papiers, soit d’une nature publique ou appartenus à des particuliers, qui dans le cours de la guerre peuvent être tombés entre les mains des officiers de l’une ou de l’autre partie, seront de suite, en tant qu’il sera praticable, restitués et délivrés aux autorités propres et personnes auxquelles ils appartiennent respectivement.” Considérant que dans cette période, les mots: *originairement prise et qui s’y trouvera au moment de l’échange des ratifications*, forment une phrase incidente, laquelle ne peut se rapporter grammaticalement qu’aux substantifs ou sujets qui précèdent. Qu’ainsi l’article I du traité de Gand, ne défend aux parties contractantes d’emporter des lieux dont il stipule la restitution, que les seules propriétés publiques *qui y auraient été originairement prises et qui s’y trouveraient au moment de l’échange des ratifications*, mais qu’il défend d’emporter de ces mêmes lieux, *aucune propriété particulière quelconque*. Que d’un autre coté, ces deux défenses ne sont applicables qu’uniquement aux lieux dont l’article stipule la restitution. L’Empereur est d’avis: “ Que les Etats-Unis d’Amérique, sont en droit de réclamer de la 294 cation, from Great Britain, for all private property carried away by the British forces; and as the question regards slaves more especially, for all such slaves as were carried away by the British forces, from the places and territories of which the restitution was stipulated by the treaty, in quitting the said places and territories. “That the United States are entitled to consider as having been so carried away, all such slaves as may have been transported from the above mentioned territories on board of the British vessels within the waters of the said territories, and who, for this reason, have not been restored. “But that, if there should be any American slaves who were carried away from territories, of which the first article of the treaty of Ghent has not stipulated the restitution to the United States, the United States are not to claim an indemnification for the said slaves.” The Emperor declares, besides, that he is ready to exercise the office of mediator, which has been conferred on him beforehand by the two states, in the negotiations which must ensue between them in consequence of the award which they have demanded. Done at St. Petersburg, 22d April, 1822. B. *Count Nesselrode to Mr. Middleton.*April 22, 1822. The undersigned Secretary of State, directing the Imperial administration of foreign affairs, has, without delay, laid before the Emperor, his master, the explanations into which the Ambassador of His Britannic Majesty has entered with the Imperial Ministry, in consequence of the preceding confidential communication which was made to Mr. Middleton, as well as to Sir Charles Bagot, of the opinion expressed by the Emperor upon the true sense of the 1st Article of the Treaty of Ghent. Sir Charles Bagot understands, that, in virtue of the decision of His Imperial Majesty, “His Britannic Majesty is not bound to indemnify the United States for any slaves, who, coming from places which have never been occupied by his troops, voluntarily joined the British forces, either in consequence of the encouragement which His Majesty’s officers had offered them, or to free themselves from the power of their master—these slaves not having been carried away from places or territories captured by His Britannic Majesty during the war, and, consequently, not having been carried away from places of which the article stipulates the restitution.” In answer to this observation, the undersigned is charged by His Imperial Majesty to communicate what follows to the Minister of the United States of America. The Emperor having, by the mutual consent of the two Plenipotentiaries, given an opinion, founded solely upon the sense which results *from the text of the article* in dispute, does not think himself called upon to decide here any question relative to what the laws of war permit or forbid to the belligerents; but, always faithful to the grammatical interpretation of the 1st Article of the Treaty of Ghent, His Imperial Majesty declares, a second time, that it appears to him according to this interpretation; “That, in quitting the places and territories of which the Treaty of Ghent stipulates the restitution to the United States, his Britannic Majesty’s forces had no right to carry away from these same places and territories, absolutely, any slave, by whatever means he had fallen or come into their power. 295 Grande Bretagne une juste indemnité, pour toutes les propriétés particulières que les forces Britanniques auraient emportées, et comme il s’agit plus spécialement d’esclaves, pour tous les esclaves que les forces Britanniques auraient emmenés des lieux et territoires dont le traité stipule la restitution, en quittant ces mêmes lieux et territoires. “Que les Etats-Unis sont en droit de regarder comme emmenés, tous ceux de ces esclaves qui, des territoires indiqués ci-dessus, auraient été transportés à bord de vaisseaux Britanniques mouillés dans les eaux des dits territoires, et qui par ce motif n’auraient pas été restitués. “Mais que s’il y a des esclaves Américains emmenés de territoires dont l’article 1 du traité de Gand n’a pas stipulé la restitution aux Etats-Unis, les Etats-Unis ne sont pas en droit de réclamer une indemnité, pour les dits esclaves.” L’Empereur déclare en outre, qu’il est prêt à exercer l’office de Médiateur qui Lui a été déféré d’avance, par les deux Etats, dans les négociations que doit amener entre eux, la décision arbitrale qu’ils ont demandée. Fait à St. Pétersbourg, le 22 Avril, 1822. B. Le Soussigné, Secrétaire d’Etat dirigeant le Ministère Impérial des affaires étrangères, s’est empressé de porter à la connaissance de l’Empereur son maître, les explications dans lesquelles Mr. l’Ambassadeur de S. M. Britannique est entré avec le Ministère Impérial, à la suite de la communication préalable et confidentielle qui a été faite à Monsieur de Middleton ainsi qu’à Mr. le Chevalier Bagot de l’opinion exprimée par l’Empereur, sur le vrai sens de l’art. Ier du Traité de Gand. Mr. le Chevalier Bagot entend qu’en vertu de la décision de Sa Majesté Impériale, “S. M. Britannique n’est pas tenue à indemniser les Etats Unis d’aucuns esclaves qui, venant des endroits qui n’ont jamais été occupés par ses troupes, se sont volontairement réunis aux forces Britanniques, ou en conséquence de l’encouragement que les officiers de S. M. leur avoit offert, ou se dérober au pouvoir de leur maître, ces esclaves n’ayant pas été emmenés des lieux ou territoires pris par S. M. Britannique durant le guerre, et conséquemment n’ayant pas été emmenés des lieux dont l’article stipule la restitution.” En réponse à cette observation, le soussigné est chargé par Sa Majesté Impériale, de communiquer ce qui suit à Monsieur le ministre des Etats Unis d’Amérique. L’Empereur ayant, du consentement mutuel des deux plénipotentiaires, émis une opinion fondée uniquement sur le sens qui résulte *du texte de l’article* en litige, ne se croit appelé à décider ici aucune question relative à ce que les loix de la guerre permettent ou défendent aux parties belligérantes, mais toujours fidèle à l’interprétation grammaticale de l’art. 1er du traité de Gand, Sa Majesté Impériale déclare une seconde fois qu’il lui semble, d’après cette interprétation; “Qu’en quittant les lieux et territoires dont le traité de Gand stipule la restitution aux Etats Unis, les forces de S. M. Britannique n’avaient le droit d’emmener de ces mêmes lieux et territoires, absolument aucun esclave, par quelque moyen qu’il fût tombé ou venu se remettre en leur pouvoir. 296 “But that if, during the war, American slaves had been carried away by the English forces, from other places than those of which the Treaty of Ghent stipulates the restitution, upon the territory, or on board British vessels, Great Britain should not be bound to indemnify the United States for the loss of these slaves, by whatever means they might have fallen or come into the power of her officers.” Although convinced, by the previous explanations above mentioned, that such is also the sense which Sir Charles Bagot attaches to his observation, the undersigned has nevertheless received from His Imperial Majesty orders to address the present note to the respective Plenipotentiaries, which will prove to them, that, in order the better to justify the confidence of the two Governments, the Emperor has been unwilling that the slightest doubt should arise regarding the consequences of his opinion. The undersigned eagerly embraces this occasion of repeating to Mr. Middleton the assurance of his most distinguished consideration. NESSELRODE. *St. Petersburg,* 22*d April,* 1822. 297 “Mais que si, durant la guerre, des esclaves Américains avoient été emmenés par les forces Anglaises, d’autres lieux que ceux dont le traité de Gand stipule la restitution, sur territoire ou à bord de vaisseaux Britanniques, la Grande Bretagne ne serait pas tenue d’indemniser les Etats Unis de la perte de ces esclaves, par quelque moyen qu’ils fussent tombés ou venus se remettre au pouvoir de ses officiers.” Quoique convaincu, par les explications préalables dont il a été question plus haut, que tel est aussi le sens que Mr. le Chevalier Bagot attache à son observation, le soussigné n’en a pas moins reçu de Sa Majesté Impériale, l’ordre d’adresser aux plénipotentiaires respectifs, la présente note, qui leur prouvera, que pour mieux répondre à la confiance des deux gouvernements, l’Empereur n’a pas voulu qu’il pût s’élever le plus léger doute sur les conséquences de son opinion. Le Soussigné saisit avec empressement cette occasion de réitérer à Monsieur de Middleton, l’assurance de sa considération très distinguée. NESSELRODE. *St. Petersbourg, le* 22. *Avril,* 1822. A Monsieur de Middleton, &c. &c. Feb. 24, 1824 Treaty 8 Stat. 298 ALTERED ARTICLES Feb. 24, 1824.Ratified by the U. S. Senate.Jan. 13, 1825.Proclamation of the President of the United States, Jan. 21, 1825.Regulation of visits at sea.*Of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Bashaw Bey of Tunis.*(*a*)(*a*) See notes of the treaties between the United States and Tunis, ante, page 157. Article the 6th — *As it now is.* If a Tunisian corsair shall meet with an American vessel, and shall visit it with her boat, two men only shall be allowed to go on board, peaceably, to satisfy themselves of its being American, who, as well as any passengers of other nations they may have on board, shall go free, both them and their goods; and the said two men shall not exact any thing, on pain of being Slaves escaping and taking refuge on board of American ships of war, to be free.severely punished. In case a slave escapes, and takes refuge on board an American vessel of war, he shall be free, and no demand shall be made either for his restoration or for payment. Article the 11th — *As it now is.* Salutes to ships of war.When a vessel of war of the United States shall enter the port of the Gouletta, she shall be saluted with twenty-one guns, which salute the vessel of war shall return gun for gun only, and no powder will be given, as mentioned in the ancient eleventh article of this treaty, which is hereby annulled. Article 6th — *As it was.* If a Tunisian corsair shall meet with an American merchant vessel, and shall visit it with her boat, she shall not exact any thing, under pain of being severely punished. And, in like manner, if a vessel of war of the United States shall meet with a Tunisian merchant vessel, she shall observe the same rule. In case a slave shall take refuge on board of an American vessel of war, the consul shall be required to cause him to be restored; and if any of their prisoners shall escape on board of the Tunisian vessels, they shall be restored; but if any slave shall take refuge in any American merchant vessel, and it shall be proved that the vessel has departed with the said slave, then he shall be returned, or his ransom shall be paid. Article 11th — *As it was.* When a vessel of war of the United States of America shall enter the port of Tunis, and the Consul shall request that the Castle may salute her, the number of guns shall be fired which he may request; and if the said Consul does not want a salute, there shall be no question about it. But, in case he shall desire the salute, and the number of guns shall be fired which he may have requested, they shall be counted, and returned by the vessel in as many barrels of cannon powder. The same shall be done with respect to the Tunisian Corsairs, when they shall enter any port of the United States. 298 299 Article the 12th—*As it now is.* When citizens of the United States shall come within the dependencies of Tunis to carry on commerce there, the same respect shall be paid to them which the merchants of other nations enjoy; and if they wish to establish themselves within our ports, no opposition shall be made thereto, and they shall be free to avail themselves of such interpreters as they may judge necessary, without any obstruction, in conformity with the usages of other nations; and if a Tunisian subject shall go to establish himself within the dependencies of the United States, he shall be treated in like manner. If any Tunisian subject shall freight an American vessel, and load her with merchandize, and shall afterwards want to unload, or ship them on board of another vessel, we shall not permit him until the matter is determined by a reference of merchants, who shall decide upon the case, and, after the decision, the determination shall be conformed to. No captain shall be detained in port against his consent, except when our ports are shut for the vessels of all other nations, which may take place with respect to merchant vessels, but not to those of war. The subjects and citizens of the two nations, respectively, Tunisians and Americans, shall be protected in the places where they may be by the officers of the government there existing; but, on failure of such protection, and for redress of every injury, the party may resort to the chief authority in each country, by whom adequate protection and complete justice shall be rendered. In case the government of Tunis shall have need of an American vessel for its service, such vessel being within the Regency, and not previously engaged, the Government shall have the preference, on its paying the same freight as other merchants usually pay for the same service, or at the like rate, if the service be without a customary precedent. Article 12th—*As it was.* When citizens of the UnitedCommerce to be on an equal footing with the most favored nations. States shall come within the dependencies of Tunis, to carry on commerce there, the same respect shall be paid to them which the merchants of other nations enjoy; and if they wish to establish themselves within our ports, no opposition shall be made thereto; and they shall be free to avail themselves of such interpreters as they may judge necessary, without any obstruction, in conformity with the usages of other nations; and if a Tunisian subject shall go to establish himself within the dependencies of the United States, he shall be treated in like manner. If any Tunisian subject shallRules as to freight. freight an American vessel, and load her with merchandize, and shall afterwards want to unlade or ship them on board of another vessel, we will not permit him, until the matter is determined by a reference of merchants, who shall decide upon the case, and after the decision, the determination shall be conformed to. No captain shall be detained inNo captain to be detained against his consent, except, &c. port against his consent, except when our ports are shut for the vessels of all other nations; which may take place with respect to merchant vessels, but not to those of war. The subjects of the two contractingProtection of the citizens of the respective nations. powers shall be under the protection of the Prince, and under the jurisdiction of the chief of the place where they may be, and no other person shall have authority over them. If the Commandant of the place does not conduct himself agreeably to justice, a representation of it shall be made to us. In case the Government shallPreference to Tunisian vessels for freight. have need of an American merchant vessel, it shall cause it to be freighted, and then a suitable freight shall be paid to the Captain, agreeably to the intention of the Government, and the Captain shall not refuse it. 300 Article the 14th—*As it now is.* Trade between the parties to be on an equal footingAll vessels belonging to the citizens and inhabitants of the United States shall be permitted to enter the ports of the kingdom of Tunis, and freely trade with the subjects and inhabitants thereof, on paying the usual duties which are paid by other most favoured nations at peace with the Regency. In like manner, all vessels belonging to the subjects and inhabitants of the kingdom of Tunis shall be permitted to enter the different ports of the United States, and freely trade with the citizens and inhabitants thereof, on paying the usual duties which are paid by other most favoured nations at peace with the United States. Article 14th—*As it was.* A Tunisian merchant, who may go to America with a vessel of any nation soever, loaded with merchandize, which is the production of the kingdom of Tunis, shall pay duty (small as it is) like the merchants of other nations; and the American merchants shall equally pay for the merchandize of their country, which they may bring to Tunis, under their flag, the same duty as the Tunisians pay in America. But, if an American merchant, or a merchant of any other nation, shall bring American merchandize, under any other flag, he shall pay six per cent, duty: in like manner, if a foreign merchant shall bring the merchandize of his country, under the American flag, he shall also pay six per cent. Concluded, signed, and sealed, at the Palace of Bardo, near Tunis, the 24th day of the moon jumed teni, in the year of the Hegira, 1239, corresponding the 24th of February, 1824, of the Christian year, and the 48th year of the Independence of the United States, reserving the same, nevertheless, for the final ratification of the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. S. D. HEAP, Charge d’Affaires, (l. s.) SIDI MAHMOUD’S signature and (l. s.) April 5, 1824 April 17, 1824 Convention 8 Stat. 302 CONVENTION April 5/17, 1824.Ratified on the 11th Jan. 1825.*Between the United States of America and Russia.* (*a*)(*a*) See treaty with Russia, post, 444. In the name of the most holy and indivisible Trinity: The President of the United States of America and His Majesty the emperor of all the Russias, wishing to cement the bonds of amity Proclamation made Jan. 12, 1825.which unite them, and to secure between them the invariable maintenance of a perfect concord, by means of the present Convention, have named, as their Plenipotentiaries, to this effect, to wit: The President of the United States of America, Henry Middleton, a citizen of said States, and their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near his Imperial Majesty: and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his beloved and faithful Charles Robert Count of Nesselrode, actual Privy Counsellor, Member of the Council of State, Secretary of State directing the administration of Foreign Affairs, actual Chamberlain, Knight of the order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Grand Cross of the order of St. Wladimir of the first class, Knight of that of the White Eagle of Poland, Grand Cross of the order of St. Stephen of Hungary, Knight of the orders of the Holy Ghost and of St. Michael, and Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor of France, Knight Grand Cross of the orders of the Black and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of the Annunciation of Sardinia, of Charles HI. of Spain, of St. Ferdinand and of Merit of Naples, of the Elephant of Denmark, of the Polar Star of Sweden, of the Crown of Wirtemberg, of the Guelphs of Hanover, of the Belgic Lion, of Fidelity of Baden, and of St. Constantine of Parma; and Pie rre de Pol eti ca , actual Counsellor of State, Knight of the order of St. Anne of the first class, and Grand Cross of the order of St. Wladimir of the second; who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon, and signed, the following stipulations: ARTICLE FIRST. Navigation and fisheries of the Pacific to be free to both parties.It is agreed, that, in any part of the Great Ocean, commonly called the Pacific Ocean, or South Sea, the respective citizens or subjects of the high contracting powers shall be neither disturbed nor restrained, either in navigation or in fishing, or in the power of resorting to the coasts, upon points which may not already have been occupied, for the purpose of trading with the natives, saving always the restrictions and conditions determined by the following articles : ARTICLE SECOND. Illicit trade to be prevented.With the view of preventing the rights of navigation and of fishing, exercised upon the great ocean by the citizens and subjects of the high contracting powers, from becoming the pretext for an illicit trade, it is agreed that the citizens of the United States shall not resort to any point where there is a Russian establishment, without the permission of the governor or commander; and that, reciprocally, the subjects of Russia shall not resort, without permission, to any establishment of the United States upon the North West Coast. 302 CONVENTION *Entre les Etats-Unis d’Amérique et Russé.* Au nom de la très Sainte et Indivisible Trinité: Le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique, et Sa Majesté l’Empereur de tontes les Russies, voulant, cimenter les liens d’amitié qui les unissent, et assurer entre eux le maintien invariable d’un parfait accord, moyennant la présente Convention, ont nommé pour leurs Plénipotentiaires à cet effet, savoir: Le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique, le Sieur Henry Middleton, citoyen des dits Etats, et leur Envoyé Extraordinaire et Ministre Plénipotentiaire près Sa Majesté Impériale: et Sa Majesté l’Empereur, de toutes les Russies, ses amés et féaux les Sieurs Charles Robert Comte de Nesselrode, Conseiller Privé actuel, Membre du Conseil d’Etat, Secrétaire d’Etat Dirigeant le Ministère des affaires étrangères, Chambellan actuel, Chevalier de l’ordre de St. Alexandre Nevsky, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Wladimir de la Ire classe, Chevalier de celui de l’aigle blanc de Pologne, Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Etienne d’Hongrie, Chevalier des ordres du St. Esprit et de St. Michel et Grand Croix de celui de la Légion d’Honneur de France, Chevalier Grand Croix des ordres de l’aigle noir et de l’aigle rouge de Prusse, de l’annonciade de Sardaigne, de Charles III. d’Espagne, de St. Ferdinand et du mérite de Naples, de l’Eléphant de Danemarc, de l’Etoile Polaire de Suède, de la Couronne de Wurtemberg, des Guelphes de Hanovre, du Lion Belge, de la Fidélité de Bade, et de St. Constantin de Parme: et PIERRE de POLETICA, Conseiller d’Etat actuel, Chevalier de l’ordre de St. Anne de la Ire classe, et Grand Croix de l’ordre de St. Wladimir de la seconde; lesquels apres avoir échangé leurs pleinspouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté et signé les stipulations suivantes: ARTICLE PREMIER. Il est convenu que dans aucune partie du grand océan, appelé communément Océan Pacifique ou Mer du Sud, les citoyens ou sujets respectifs des hautes puissances contractantes ne seront ni troublés, ni gênés soit dans la navigation, soit dans l’exploitation de la pêche, soit dans la faculté d’aborder aux côtes sur des points qui ne seroient pas déjà occupés, afin d’y faire le commerce avec les indigènes, sauf toutefois les restrictions et conditions déterminées par les articles qui suivent. ARTICLE DEUXIÈME. Dans la vue d’empêcher que les droits de navigation et de pêche exerceés sur le grand océan par les citoyens et sujets des hautes puissances contractantes ne deviennent le prétexte d’un commerce illicite, il est convenu, que les citoyens des Etats Unis n’aborderont à aucun point où il se trouve un établissement Russe, sans la permission du Gouverneur ou Commandant; et que réciproquement les sujets Russes ne pourront aborder sans permission il aucun établissement des Etats-Unis sur la côte nord ouest. 303 304 ARTICLE THIRD. No establishment to be formed by citizens of the U.S. north of 54 degrees 40 minutes, or by Russia south of the same latitude.It is moreover agreed, that, hereafter, there shall not be formed by the citizens of the United States, or under the authority of the said States, any establishment upon the Northwest Coast of America, nor in any of the islands adjacent, to the north of fifty four degrees and forty minutes of north latitude; and that, in the same manner, there shall be none formed by Russian subjects, or under the authority of Russia, south of the same parallel. ARTICLE FOURTH. Interior seas to be free to both nations for ten years.It is, nevertheless, understood, that, during a term of ten years, counting from the signature of the present convention, the ships of both powers, or which belong to their citizens or subjects, respectively, may reciprocally frequent, without any hindrance whatever, the interior seas, gulphs, harbours, and creeks, upon the coast mentioned in the preceding article, for the purpose of fishing and trading with the natives of the country. ARTICLE FIFTH. Certain articles always to be excepted from this commerce.All spirituous liquors, fire-arms, other arms, powder, and munitions of war of every kind, are always excepted from this same commerce permitted by the preceding article, and the two powers engage, reciprocally, neither to sell, nor suffer them to be sold to the natives by their respective citizens and subjects, nor by any person who may be under their authority. It is likewise stipulated that this restriction shall never afford a pretext, nor be advanced, in any case, to authorize either search or detention of the vessels, seizure of the merchandize, or, in fine, any measures of constraint whatever towards the merchants or the crews who may carry on this commerce; the high contracting powers reciprocally reserving to themselves to determine upon the penalties to be incurred, and to inflict the punishments in case of the contravention of this article, by their respective citizens or subjects. ARTICLE SIXTH. Ratifications to be exchanged in ten months.When this Convention shall have been duly ratified by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate on the one part, and on the other by his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington in the space of ten months from the date below, or sooner, if possible. In faith whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention, and thereto affixed the seals of their arms. Done at St. Petersburg, the April, of the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four. HENRY MIDDLETON, (l. s.) Le Comte CHARLES NESSELRODE, (l. s.) PIERRE DE POLETICA, (l. s.) 305 ARTICLE TROISIÈME. Il est convenu en outre, que dorénavant il ne pourra être formé par les citoyens des Etats-Unis, ou sous l’autorité des dits Etats, aucun établissement sur la Côte nord ouest d’Amérique, ni dans aucune des îles adjacentes *au nord* du cinquante quatrième degré et quarante minutes de latitude septentrionale; et que de même il n’en pourra être formé aucun par des sujets Russes, ou sous l’autorité de la Russie, au sud de la même parallèle. ARTICLE QUATRIÈME. Il est néanmoins entendu que pendant un terme de dix années â compter de la signature de la présente convention, les vaisseaux des deux Puissances, ou qui appartiendroient à leurs citoyens ou sujets respectifs, pourront réciproquement fréquenter, sans entrave quelconque, les mers intérieurs, les golfes, havres et criques sur la côte mentionnée dans l’article précédent, afin d’y faire la pêche et le commerce avec les naturels du pays. ARTICLE CINQUIEME. Sont toutefois exceptées de ce même commerce accordé par l’article précédent, toutes les liqueurs spiritueuses, les armes à feu, armes blanches, poudre, et munitions de guerre de toute espèce, que les deux Puissances s’engagent réciproquement à ne pas vendre, ni laisser vendre aux Indigènes par leurs citoyens et sujets respectifs, ni par aucun individu qui se trouveroit sous leur autorité. Il est également stipulé que cette restriction ne pourra jamais servir de prétexte, ni être alléguée dans aucun cas, pour autoriser soit la visite ou la détention des Vaisseaux, soit la saisie de la marchandise, soit en fin des mesures quel-conques de contrainte envers les armateurs ou les equipages qui feroient ce commerce; les hautes Puissances contractantes s’étant réciproquement reserve de statuer sur les peines à encourir, et d’infliger les amendes encourues en cas de contravention à cet article, par leurs citoyens ou sujets respectifs. ARTICLE SIXIÈME. Lorsque cette Convention aura été duement ratifiée par le Président des Etats-Unis de l’avis et du consentement du Sénat, d’une part, et de l’autre par Sa Majesté l’Empereur de toutes les Russies, les ratifications en seront échangées à Washington dans le délai de dix mois de la date ci-dessous ou plutôt si faire se peut. Eu foi de quoi les Plénipotentiaires respectifs l’ont signée, et y ont fait apposer les cachets de leurs armes. Fait à St. Petersbourg le 17/5 Avril de l’an de grâce mil huit cent vingt quatre. HENRY MIDDLETON, (l. s.) Le Comte CHARLES DE NESSELRODE, (l. s.) PIERRE DE POLETICA, (l. s.) Oct. 3, 1824 Convention 8 Stat. 306 GENERAL CONVENTION Oct. 3, 1824.Ratified May 27, 1825.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., May 31, 1825.Object of the treaty.*Of Peace, Amity, Navigation, and Commerce, between the United States of America and the Republic of Colombia.* In the name of God, Author and Legislator of the Universe. The United States of America, and the Republic of Colombia, desiring to make lasting and firm the friendship and good understanding which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive, the rules which shall in future be religiously observed between the one and the other, by means of a Treaty or General Convention of Peace, Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Richard Clough Anderson, Junior, a citizen of the said States, and their Minister Plenipotentiary to the said Republic; and the Vice-President of the Republic of Colombia, charged with the Executive power, on Pedro Gual, Secretary of State and of Foreign Relations, who, after having exchanged their said full powers in due and proper form, have agreed to the following Articles: ARTICLE 1st. Firm and inviolable peace, &c. to be observed.There shall be a perfect, firm, and inviolable peace and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Colombia, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens respectively, without distinction of persons or places. ARTICLE 2d. U. S. and Colombia engage mutually not to grant favours to other nations, which shall not immediately become common to the other party.The United States of America and the Republic of Colombia desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favour to other nations in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. ARTICLE 3d. Citizens of the U.S. at liberty to frequent all the coasts and countries of the republic of Colombia, &c.The citizens of the United States may frequent all the coasts and countries of the Republic of Colombia, and reside and trade there, in all sorts of produce, manufactures, and merchandise, and shall pay no other or greater duties, charges, or fees, whatsoever, than the most favoured nation is or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions in navigation and commerce, which the most favoured nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the laws, decrees, and usages, there established, and to which are submitted the subjects and citizens of the most favoured nations. Citizens of the republic of Colombia to enjoy, in the U. S., the same privileges.In like manner the citizens of the Republic of Colombia may frequent all the coasts and countries of the United States, and reside and trade there, in all sorts of produce, manufactures, and merchandize, and shall pay no other or greater duties, charges, or fees, whatsoever, than the 306 CONVENCION JENERAL *De Paz, Amistad, Navegacion, y Comercio entre la Republica de Colombia y los Estados-Unidos de America, Año de* 1824. En el nombre de Dios, Autor y Legislador del Universo. La Republica de Colombia, y los Estados-Unidos de America, deseando hacer durandera y firme la amistad y buena inteligencia que felizmente existe entre ambas Potencias, han resuelto fijar de una manera clara, distinta y positiva las reglas que deben observar religiosamente en lo venidero, por medio de un tratado, ó convencion general de paz, amistad comercio y navegacion. Con este muy deseable objeto, el Vice-Presidente de la Republica de Colombia encargado del podèr Ejecutivo, ha conferido plenos poderes a Pedro Gual, Secretario de Estado y del despacho de relaciones esteriores de la misma, y el Presidente de los Estados-Unidos de America a Ricardo Clough Anderson, el menor, Ciudadano de dichos Estados, y su Ministro Plenipotenciario cerca de la dicha Republica; quienes despues de habe.r canjeado sus espresados plenos poderes en debida y buena forma, han convenido en los articulos siguientes. ARTº. 1º. Habra una paz, perfecta, firme, é inviolable y amistad sincera entre la Republica de Colombia y los Estados-Unidos de America, en toda la estencion de sus posesiones y territories, y entre sus pueblos y Ciudadanos respectivamente sin distincion de personas, ni lugares. ARTº. 2º. La Republica de Colombia, y los Estados Unidos de America, deseando vivir en paz y harmonia con las demas Naciones de la tierra, por medio de una politica franca, é igualmente amistosa con todas, se obligan mutuamente á no conceder favores particulares á otras naciones, con respecto á comercio y navegacion, que no se hagan inmediatamente comunes á una ú otra, quien gozarè del mismo libremente, si la concesion fuese hecha libremente, ó prestando la misma compensacion, si la concesion fuere condicional. ARTº. 3º. Los Ciudadanos de la Republica de Colombia podrán frecuentar todas las costas y paises de los Estados-Unidos de America, y residir, y traficar en ellos con toda suerte de producciones, manufacturas, y mercaderias, y no pagarán otros, ó mayores derechos, impuestos, ó emolumentos cualesquiera que los que las naciones mas favorecidas están ó estuvieren obligadas á pagar; y gozarán todos los derechos, privilejios y esenciones, que gozan ó gozaren los de la nacion mas favorecida, con respecto á navegacion y comercio, sometiendose, no obstante, á las leyes, decretos, y usos establecidos, á los cuales estan sujetos los subditos ó Ciudadanos de las naciones mas favorecidas. Del mismo modo los Ciudadanos de los Estados-Unidos de America podrán frecuentar todas las costas y paises de la Republica de Colombia, y residir y traficár en ellos con todo suerte de producciones, manufacturas, y mercaderias, y no pagarán otros ó mayores derechos, impuestos, ó emolumentos cualesquiera, que 307 308 most favoured nation is or shall be obliged to pay; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions in navigation and commerce, which the most favoured nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the laws, decrees, and usages, there established, and to which are submitted the subjects and citizens of the most favoured nations. ARTICLE 4th. Merchants, commanders of ships, &c., to manage their business as citizens of the most favoured nations.It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both countries, to manage themselves their own business in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandize by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading, and sending off their ships, they being in all these cases to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. ARTICLE 5th. Citizens of neither of the contracting parties liable to any embargo, &c.The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandizes, or effects, for any military expedition, nor for any public or private purpose whatever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnification. ARTICLE 6th. Citizens of either of the contracting parties, seeking refuge in the dominions of the other, to be treated as friends, &c.Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions of the other, with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates, or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favour and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hindrance of any kind. ARTICLE 7th. All ships, &c. belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, captured by pirates, and found within the dominions of either, to be delivered up to the owners.All the ships, merchandize, and effects belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports, or dominions, of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving in due and proper form their rights before the competent tribunals; it being well understood that the claim should be made within the term of one year by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of the respective governments. ARTICLE 8th. Assistance to be rendered by the contracting parties, in case of wrecks, &c. within the dominions of each other.When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts, or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandizes and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, until they may be exported. ARTICLE 9th. The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by 309 los que las naciones mas favorecidas, están ó estuvieren obligadas á pagár, y gozarán de todos los derechos, privilejios y esenciones, que gozan ó gozaren los de la nacion mas favorecida con respecto á navegacion y comercio, sometiendose, no obstante, á las leyes, decretos y usos establecidos, á los cuales estan sujetos los subditos ó ciudadanos de las naciones mas favorecidas. ARTº. 4º. Se conviene ademas, que será enteramente libre y permitido, á los comerciantes, comandantes de buques, y otros Ciudadanos de ambos paises el manejar sus negocios, por si mismos, en todos los puertos y lugares sujetos á la jurisdiccion de uno ú otro, asi respecto á las consignaciones y ventas por mayor y menor de sus efectos y mercaderias, como de la carga, descarga y despacho de sus buques, debiendo en todos estos casos, ser tratados como Ciudadanos del pais en que residan, ó al menos puestos sobre un pie igual con los subditos ó Ciudadanos de las naciones mas favorecidas. ARTº. 5º. Los Ciudadanos de una ú otra parte, no podrán ser embargados ni detenidos con sus embarcaciones, tripulaciones, mercaderias, y efectos comerciales de su pertenencia, para alguna espedicion militar, usos publicos, ó particulares cualesquiera que sean, sin concedèr á los interesados una suficiente indemnizacion. ARTº. 6º. Siempre que los Ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes se vieren precisados á buscár refujio, ó asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos, ó dominios de la otra, con sus buques, ya sean mercantes, ó de guerra, publicos ó particulares, por mal tiempo, persecucion de piratas ó enemigos, serán recibidos y tratados con humanidad, dandoles todo favor y proteccion, para reparar sus buques, procurár viveres, y ponerse en situacion de continuar su viaje, sin obstaculo ó estorbo de ningun genero. ARTº. 7º. Todos los buques, mercaderias y efectos pertenecientes a los Ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, bien sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion, ó en alta mar, y fueren llevados, ó hallados en los rios, radas, bahias, puertos, ó dominios de la otra, serán entregados á sus dueños, probando estos en la forma propia y debida sus derechos ante los Tribunales competentes; bien entendido que el reclamo ha de hacerse dentro del termino de un año, por las mismas partes, sus apoderados ó Agentes de los respectivos Gobiernos. ARTº. 8º. Cuando algun buque perteneciente á los ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, encalle, ó sufra alguna averia, en las costas, ó dentro de los dominios de la otrá, se les dara toda ayuda y proteccion, del mismo modo que es uso y costumbre, con los buques de la nacion en donde suceda la averia; permitiendoles descargár el dicho buque (si fuere necesario de sus mercaderias y efectos,) sin cobrar por esto hasta que sean esportados, ningun derercho, impuesto ó contribucion. ARTº. 9º. Los ciudadanos de cada una de las partes contratantes, tendran pleno podér para disponér de sus bienes personales dentro de la jurisdiccion 310 Citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other.sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or ab intestato, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country, wherein the said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases. And if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance, on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from all rights of detraction, on the part of the government of the respective States. ARTICLE 10th. Special protection to be given to the persons and property of the citizens of either party, in the territory of the otheBoth the contracting parties promise and engage, formally to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary, with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ in defence of their rights such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them, and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials. ARTICLE 11th. Security of conscience to be enjoyed by citizens of both the contracting parties, in the countries subject to the one and the other.It is likewise agreed that the most perfect and entire security of conscience shall be enjoyed by the citizens of both the contracting parties in the countries subject to the jurisdiction of the one and the other, without their being liable to be disturbed or molested on account of their religious belief, so long as they respect the laws and established usages of the country. Moreover, the bodies of the citizens of one of the contracting parties, who may die in the territories of the other, shall be buried in the usual burying grounds, or in other decent and suitable places, and shall be protected from violation or disturbance. ARTICLE 12th. Citizens of either partymay sail with their ships from any port to the places of those -who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either of the contracting parties.It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the Republic of Colombia to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made, who are the proprietors of the merchandises laden thereon, from any port to the places of those who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with the ships and merchandises beforementioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens, of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any oposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, beforementioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or under several. And it is hereby stipulated, that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. Is is also agreed, in like manner, that the same 311 de la otra, por venta, donacion, testamento, ó de otro modo; y sus representantes, siendo ciudadanos de la otra parte, succederán á sus dichos bienes personales, ya sea por testamento ó *ab intestate*, y podran tomar posecion de ellos, ya sea por si mismos, ó por otros, que obren por ellos, y disponer de los mismos, segun su voluntad, pagando aquellas cargas solamente, que los habitantes del pais en donde estan los referidos bienes, estuvieren sujetos, á pagar en iguales casos. Y si en el caso de bienes raices, los dichos herederos fuesen impedidos de entrár en la posecion de la herencia por razon de su caracter de estrangeros, se les dará el termino de tres años, para disponer de ella como juzguen conveniente, y para estraér el producto sin molestia, y esentos de todo derecho de deduccion, por parte del Gobierno de los respectivos Estados. ARTº. 10º. Ambas partes contratantes se comprometen y obligan formalmente á dar su proteccion especial á las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una reciprocamente transeuntes ó habitantes de todas ocupaciones, en los territories sujetos á la jurisdiccion de una y otra, dejandoles abiertos y libres los Tribunales de justicia, para sus recursos judiciales, en los mismos terminos que son de uso y costumbre para los naturales ò Ciudadanos del pais en que residan; para lo cual, podran emplear en defensa de sus derechos aquellos Abogados, Procuradores, Escribanos, Agentes, ó Factores que juzguen conveniente, en todos sus asuntos y litigios; y dichos ciudadanos ó Agentes tendrán la libre facultad de estar presentes en las decisiones y sentencias de los Tribunales, en todos los casos que les conciernan, como igualmente al tomar todos los examenes y declaraciones que se ofrezcan en los dichos litigios. ARTº. 11º. Se conviene igualmente en que los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes gozen la mas perfecta y entera seguridad de conciencia en los paises sujetos á la jurisdiccion de una u otra, sin quedar por ello espuestos á ser inquietados ó molestados en razon de su creencia religiosa, mientras que respeten las leyes y usos establecidos. Ademas de esto, podrán sepultarse los cadaveres de los Ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que fallecieren en los territories de la otra, en los cementerios acostumbrados, ó en otros lugares decentes, y adecuados, los cuales, serán protejidos contra toda violacion ó trastorno. ARTº. 12º. Será licito a los Ciudadanos de la Republica de Colombia, y de los Estados-Unidos.de America navegár con sus buques, con toda seguridad y libertad, de cualquiera puerto á las plazas ó lugares de los que son ó fueren en adelante enemigos de cualquiera de las dos partes contratantes, sin hacerse distincion de quienes son los duenos de las mercaderias cargadas en ellos. Será igualmente licito á los referidos ciudadanos navegár con sus buques y mercaderias mencionadas y traficár con la misma libertad y seguridad, de los lugares, puertos y ensenadas de los enemigos de ambas partes, ó de alguna de ellas, sin ninguna oposicion, ó disturbio cualquiera, no solo directamente de los lugares de enemigo arriba mencionados á lugares neutros, sino tambien de un lugar perteneciente á un enemigo, á otro enemigo, ya sea que esten bajo la jurisdiccion de una potencia, ó bajo la de diversas. Y queda aqui estipulado, que los buques libres, dan tambien libertad á las mercaderias, y que se ha de considerar libre y esento todo lo que se hallare á bordo de los buques pertenecientes á los Ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes, aunque toda la carga ó parte de ella pertenezca á enemigos de una ú otra, eceptuando siempre los articulos de contrabando de guerra. Se conviene tambien del mismo modo, en que la misma libertad se 312 liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemies: Provided, however, and it is hereby agreed, that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as applying to those powers only who recognize this principle; but if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others. ARTICLE 13th. Neutral property found on board enemy’s vessels, shall be held and considered as enemy’s property.It is likewise agreed, that in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemy’s vessels shall be held and considered as enemy’s property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree, that two months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of the neutral does not protect the enemy’s property, in that case the goods and merchandises of the neutral, embarked in such enemy’s ship, shall be free. ARTICLE 14th. Liberty of navigation and commerce to extend to all kinds of merchandise except the following.This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandises, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband, and under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended— 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuzees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and granades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms; 2dly. Bucklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, infantry belts, and clothes made up in the form and for a military use; 3dly. Cavalry belts, and horses with their furniture; 4thly. And generally all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared, and formed, expressly to make war by sea or land. ARTICLE 15th. All other merchandise not comprehended in the articles above enumerated, to be held as free.All other merchandises and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blocked up; and, to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral. ARTICLE 16th. The articles of contraband, before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy’s port, shall be subject to 313 estienda á las personas que se encuentren á bordo de buques libres, con el fin de que aunque dichas personas sean enemigos de ambas partes ó de alguna de ellas, no deban ser estraidos de los buques libres, á menos que sean oficiales ó Soldados en actual servicio de los enemigos: á condicion no obstante, y se conviene aqui en esto, que las estipulaciones contenidas en el presente articulo, declarando que el Pabellon cubre la propiedad, se entenderan aplicables solamente á aquellas potencias que reconocen este principio; pero si alguna de las dos partes contratantes, estuviere en guerra con una tercera, y la otra permaneciese neutrál, la bandera de la neutral cubrirá la propiedad de los enemigos, cuyos Gobiernos recpnozcan este principio y no de otros. ARTº. 13º. Se conviene igualmente que en el caso de que la bandera neutrál de una de las partes contratantes protega las propiedades de los enemigos de la otra en virtud de lo estipulado arriba, deberá siempre entenderse, que las propiedades neutrales encontradas á bordo de tales buques enemigos, han de tenerse y considerarse como propiedades enemigas, y como tales, estaran sujetas á detencion, y confiscacion; eseptuando solamente aquellas propiedades que hubiesen sido puestas à bordo de tales buques antes de la declaracion de la guerra, y aun despues, si hubiesen sido embarcadas en dichos buques, sin tenér noticia de la guerra, y se conviene, que pasados dos meses despues de la declaracion, los ciudadanos de una y otra parte no podrán alegár que la ignoraban. Por el contrario, si la bandera neutral, no protegiese las propiedades enemigas, entonces serán libres los efectos y mercaderias de la parte neutrál embarcadas en buques enemigos. ARTº. 14º. Esta libertad de navegacion y comercio se estenderá a todo genero de mercaderias, eceptuando aquellas solamente, que se distinguen con el nombre de contrabando, y bajo este nombre de *contrabando* ó efectos prohibidos se comprenderán: 1º. Cañones, morteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos, mosquetes, fusiles, rifles, carabinas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, chuzos, alabardas, y granadas, bombas, polvora, mechas, balas, con las demas cosas correspondientes al uso de estas armas. 2º. Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas, de malla, fornituras, y vestidos hechos en forma, y á usanza mifitar. 3º. Bandoleras, y caballos junto con sus armas y arneses. 4º. Y generalmente toda especie de armas, é instrumentos de hierro, acero, bronce, cobre, y otras materias cualesquiera, manufacturadas, preparadas, y formadas espresamente para hacér la guerra por mar, ó tierra. ARTº. 15º. Todas las demas mercaderias, y efectos no comprendidos en los articulos de contrabando esplicitamente enumerados, y clasificados en el articulo anterior, serán tenidos, y reputados por libres, y de licito y libre comercio, de modo, que ellos puedan sér transportados, y Uevados de la manera mas libre, por los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, aun á los lugares pertenecientes á un enemigo de una ú otra, eceptuando solamente aquellos lugares ó plazas, que estan al mismo tiempo sitiadas ó bloqueadas; y para evitar toda duda en el particulár, se declaran sitiadas ó bloqueadas áquellas plazas, que en la actualidad estuviesen átacadas por una fuerza de un beligerante capaz de impedir la entrada del neutral. ARTº. 16º. Los articulos de contrabando antes enumerados y clasificados, que se hallen en un buque destinado á puerto enemigo estarán sujetos á deten- 314 Articles of contraband found in a vessel bound to an enemy’s port, shall be subject to confiscation.detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo of said vessel will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great, and of so large a bulk, that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but in this and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port, for trial and judgement according to law. ARTICLE 17th. Vessels sailing for a port or place that is besieged, &c., without notice of the fact, maybe turned away from such port or place.And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed, that every vessel so circumstanced, may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment from the commanding officer of the blockading forces, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded or invested, by the other, be restrained from quitting such place with her cargo, nor if found therein after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof. ARTICLE 18th. Regulation of visits at sea.In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed mutually, that whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send its boat with two or three men only in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property; for which purpose the commanders of said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit. And it is expressly agreed that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel, for the purpose of exhibiting her papers, or for any other purpose whatever. ARTICLE 19th. Agreement entered into, to avoid vexation in the examination of papers relative to the ownership of vessels, &c.To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do agree, that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear, that the ship really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they have likewise agreed that such ships being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place 315 cion y confiscacion; dejando libre el resto del cargamento y el buque, para que los duenos puedan disponér de ellos como lo crean conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos Naciones, será detenido, por tenér á bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el Maestre, Capitan, ó Sobrecarga de dicho buque quiera entregár los articulos de contrabando al apresador, á menos que la cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande y de tanto volumen, que no puedan sér recibidos á bordo del buque apresadór, sin grandes inconvenientes; pero en este, como en todos los otros casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido será enviado al puerto mas inmediato, comodo, y seguro, para ser juzgado y sentenciado conferme á las leyes. ARTº. 17º. Y por cuanto frecuentemente sucede que los buques navegan para un puerto ó lugár perteneciente á un enemigo, sin saber que aquel esté sitiado, bloqueado ó envestido, se conviene en que todò buque en estas circumstancias se pueda hacer volver de dicho puerto, ó lugar; pero no sera detenido, ni confiscada parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; á menos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo ó ataque, por el comandante de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentase otra vez entrar; pero le será permitido ir á qualquiera otro puerto ó lugar que juzque conveniente. Ni ningun buque de una de las partes, que haya entrado en semejante puerto, ó lugar, antes que estuviese sitiado, bloqueado, ó envestido por la otra, será impedido de dejar el tai lugar con su cargamento, ni si fuere hallado alii despues de la rendicion y entrega de semejante lugár, estará el tai buque ó su cargamento sujeto ó confiscacion, sino que serán restituidos á sus duenos. ARTº. 18º. Para evitar todo genero de desorden en la visita, y examen de los buques y cargamentos de ambas partes contratantes en alta mar, han convenido mutuamente, que siempre que un buque de guerra, publico ó particular se emontrase con un neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero permanecerá fuera de tiro de cañon, y podrá mandár su bote, con dos ó tres hombres solamente, para ejecutár el dicho examen de los papeles concernientes á la propiedad y carga del buque, sin ocasionár la menor estorcion, violencia ó, mal tratamiento, por lo que los comandantes del dicho buque armado serán responsables, con sus personas y bienes; á cuyo efecto los comandantes de buques armados, por cuenta de particulares, estarán obligados antes de entregarseles sus comisiones ó patentes, á dar fianza suficiente para respondér de los perjuicios que causen. Y se ha convenido espresamente, que en ningun caso se exigira á la parte neutral, que vaya á bordo del buque examinador con el fin de exibir sus papeles, ó para cualquiera otro objeto sea el que fuere. ARTº. 19º. Para evitar toda clase de vejamen y abuso en el examen de los papeles relatives á la propiedad de los buques pertenecientes á los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, han convenido y convienen, que encaso de que una de ellas estuviere en guerra, los buques, y bajeles pertenecientes á los ciudadanos, de la otra, serán provistos con letras de már, ó pasaportes, espresando el nombre, propiedad y tamaño del buque, como tambien el nombre y lugar de la residencia del Maestre, ó Comandante, á fin de que se vea que el buque, real y verdaderamente pertenece á los ciudadanos de una de las partes; y han convenido igualmente, que estando cargados los espresados buques, ademas de las letras de mar, ó pasaportes, estarán tambien provistos de certificates, que contengan los por menores del cargamento, y el lugar de donde salió el buque, para que asi pueda saberse, si hay á su bordo algunos efectos prohibidos ó de contrabando, cuyos certificates serán hechos per los oficiales del lugár 316 whence the ship sailed, in the accustomed form; without which requisites, said vessel may be detained to be adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defect shall be satisfied or supplied by testimony entirely equivalent. ARTICLE 20th. Stipulations relative to the visiting of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy.It is further agreed, that the stipulations above expressed relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels shall be under convoy, the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, on his word of honour, that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries—and when they are bound to an enemy’s port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient. ARTICLE 21st. Prize courts alone to take cognizance of prize causes.It is further agreed, that in all cases the established courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of either party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall men tion the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same. ARTICLE 22d. No citizen of either of the contracting parties shall accept a commission, &c.sWhenever one of the contracting parties shall be engaged in war with another State, no citizen of the other contracting party shall accept a commission, or letter of marque, for the purpose of assisting or co-operating hostilely, with the said enemy, against the said party so at war, under the pain of being treated as a pirate. ARTICLE 23d. Six months allowed to merchants to remove, in case the two parties should be engaged in war.If, by any fatality which cannot be expected, and which God forbid, the two contracting parties should be engaged in a war with each other, they have agreed, and do agree, now for then, that there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other; and the term of one year to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection until they arrive at the designated port. The citizens of all other occupations who may be established in the territories or dominions of the United States and of the Republic of Colombia, shall be respected and maintained in the full enjoyment of their personal liberty and property, unless their particular conduct shall cause them to forfeit this protection, which in consideration of humanity the contracting parties engage to give them. ARTICLE 24th. Debts of individuals, in any event of war, not to be sequestered.Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to the individuals of the other, nor shares, nor moneys, which they may have in public funds, nor in public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of war, or of national difference, be sequestered or confiscated. ARTICLE 25th. Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding all inequality in relation to their public communications and official intercourse, have agreed, and do agree, to grant to the envoys, ministers, and other public 317 de la procedencia del buque, en la forma acostumbrada, sin cuyos requisites el dicho buque puede ser detenido, para ser juzgado por el Tribunal competente, y puede ser declarado buena presa, á menos que satisfagan, ó suplan el defecto con testimonies enteramente equivalentes. ARTº. 20º. Se ha convenido ademas, que las estipulaciones anteriores, relativas al examen y visita de buques, se aplicarán solamente á los que navegan sin conboy y que cuando los dichos buques estuvieren bajo de conboy, será bastante la declaracion verbal del Comandante del conboy, bajo su palabra de honór, de que los buques que están bajo su proteccion pertenecen a la nacion, cuya bandera llevan, y cuando se dirijen á un puerto enemigo, que los dichos buques no tienen á su bordo articulos de contrabando de guerra. ARTº. 21º. Se ha convenido ademas, que en todos los casos que ocurran, solo los Tribunales establecidos para causas de presas, en el pais á que las presas sean conducidas, tomarán conocimiento de ellas. Y siempre que semejante Tribunal de cualquiera de las partes, pronunciase sentencia contra algun buque, ó efectos, ó propiedad reclamado por los Ciudadanos de la otra parte, la sentencia ó decreto hara mencion de las razones ó motives en que aquella se haya fundado, y se entregará sin demora alguna al comandante ó Agente de dicho buque, si lo solicitase, un testimonio autentico de la sentencia, ó decreto, ó de todo el proceso, pagando por el los derechos legales. ARTº. 22º. Siempre que una de las partes contratantes estuviere empeñada en guerra, con otro Estado, ningun Ciudadano de la otra parte contratante aceptará una comision ó letra de marca para el objeto de ayudár ó cooperar hostilmente con el dicho enemigo, contra la dicha parte que esté asi en guerra, bajo la pena de ser tratado como pirata. ARTº. 23º. Si por alguna fatalidad, que no puede esperarse, y que Dios no permita, las dos partes contratantes se viesen empeñadas en guerra una con otra, han convenido y convienen de ahora para entonces, que se concederá el termino de seis meses á los comerciantes residentes en las costas y en los puertos de entrambas, y el termino de un año á los que habitan en el interior, para arreglár sus negocios, y transportár sus efectos á donde quieran, dandoles el salvo conducto necesario para ello, que les sirva de suficiente proteccion hasta que lleguen al puerto que designen. Los Ciudadanos de otras ocupaciones, que se hallen establecidos en los territories ó dominios de la Republica de Colombia, ó los Estados-Unidos de America, serán respetados, y mantenidos en el pleno goze de su libertad personal y propiedad, á menos que su conducta particular les haga perdér esta proteccion, que en consideracion á la humanidad, las partes contratantes se comprometen á prestarles. ARTº. 24º. Ni las deudas contraidas por los individuos de una Nacion, con los individuos, de la otra, ni las acciones ó dineros, que puedan tenér en los fondos publicos, ó en los bancos publicos, ó privados, serán jamas secuestrados ó confiscados en ningun caso de guerra, ó diferencia nacional. ARTº. 25º. Deseando ambas partes contratantes, evitár toda diferencia, relativa á etiqueta en sus comunicaciones, y correspondencias diplomaticas han convenido asi mismo, y convienen en conceder á sus Enviados, Minis- 318 Same favors to be granted to envoys, &c., as are enjoyed by those of the most favored nations.agents, the same favours, immunities, and exemptions, which those of the most favoured nation do or shall enjoy; it being understood that whatever favours, immunities, or privileges, the United States of America or the Republic of Colombia may find it proper to give to the ministers and public agents of any other power, shall by the same act be extended to those of each of the contracting parties. ARTICLE 26th. The contracting parties agree to admit consuls into all the ports open to foreign commerce, &c.To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Republic of Colombia shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and admit consuls and vice-consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, of the consuls and vice-consuls of the most favoured nation; each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such consuls may not seem con venient. ARTICLE 27th. Consuls, before entering on the exercise of their functions, shall exhibit their commission, &c.In order that the consuls and vice-consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, which belong to them, by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the government to which they are accredited; and having obtained their Exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants, in the consular district in which they reside. ARTICLE 28th. Consuls, and persons attached to their service, shall be exempt from all public service, &c.It is likewise agreed, that the consuls, their secretaries, officers, and persons attached to the service of consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts, and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce, or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject, being in every thing besides subject to the laws of the respective States. The archives and papers of the consulates shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere with them. ARTICLE 29th. Consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities for the arrest, &c. of deserters, &c.The said consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country, and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers, of the vessel’s or ship’s roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of the said crews; and on this demand, so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of the said consuls, and may be put in the public prisons at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same cause. 319 tros, y otros Agentes Diplomaticos, los mismos favores, inmunidades, y esenciones de que gozan, ó gozaren en lo venidero los de las naciones mas favorecidas, bien entendido que cualquier favór, inmunidad ó privilegio, que la Republica de Colombia ó los Estados Unidos de America, tengan por conveniente dispensár á los Enviados, Ministros, y Agentes Diplomaticos de otras Potencias, se haga por el mismo hecho estensivo a los de una y otra de las partes contratantes. ARTº. 26º. Para hacér mas efectiva la proteccion, que la Republica de Colombia, y los Estados-Unidos de America, daran en adelante á la navegacion y comercio de los ciudadanos de una y otra, se convienen en recibir y admitir Consules, y Vice-Consules en todos los puertos abiertos al comercio estrangero, quienes gozarán en ellos todos los derechos, prerrogativas é inmunidades de los Consules, y Vice-Consules de la nacion mas favorecida, quedando no obstante en libertad cada parte contratante, para eceptuar aquellos puertos y lugares en que la admision y residencia de semejantes Consules, y Vice Consules no parezca conveniente. ARTº. 27º. Para que los Consules, y Vice-Consules de las dos partes contratantes, puedan gozar los derechos, prerrogativas, é inmunidades, que les correspoden por su caracter publico, antes de entrár en el ejercicio de sus funciones, presentarán su comision ó patente en la forma debida, al Gobierno con quien esten acreditados, y habiendo obtenido el *exequatur*, serán tenidos, y considerados como tales, por todas las autoridades, majistrados y habitantes del distrito Consular en que residan. ARTº. 28º. Se ha convenido igualmente, que los Consules, sus Secretarios, officiales y personas agregadas al servicio de los consulados (no siendo estas personas ciudadanos del pais en que el Consul reside) estarán esentos de todo servicio publico, y tambien de toda especie de pechos, impuestos, y contribuciones, eceptuando aquellas que esten obligados á pagar por razon de comercio, ó propiedad, y á las cuales estan sujetos los Ciudadanos, y habitantes naturales, y estrangeros del pais en que residen, quedando en todo lo demas, sujetos a las leyes de los respectivos Estados. Los archives y papeles de los consulados serán respetados inviolablemente, y bajo ningun pretesto los ocupará magistrado alguno, ni tendrá en ellos ninguna intervencion. ARTº. 29º. Los dichos Consules tendran podér de requerir el auxilio de las autoridades locales, para la prision, detencion y custodia de los desertores de buques, publicos y particulars de su pais, y para este objeto se dirigiran á los Tribunales, Jueces, y oficiales competentes, y pedirán los dichos desertores por escrito, probando por una presentacion de los registros de los buques, rol del equipage, u otros documentos publicos, que aquellos hombres eran parte de las dichas tripulaciones, y á esta demanda asi probada (menos no obstante cuando seprobare lo contrario) no se reusará la entrega. Semejantes desertores, luego que sean arrestados, se pondrán á disposicion de los dichos Consules, y puedan ser depositados en las prisiones publicas, á solicitud y espensas de los que los reclamen, para ser enviados á los buques á que corresponden, ó á otros de la misma nacion. Pero si nó fueren mandados dentro de dos meses contados des de el dia de su arresto, serán puestos en libertad, y no volverán a ser presos por la misma causa. 320 ARTICLE 30th. Further agreement of the contracting parties.For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a consular convention, which shall declare specially the powers and immunities of the consuls and vice-consuls of the respective parties. ARTICLE 31st. Contracting parties agree to the following points.The United States of America and the Republic of Colombia, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties by virtue of this Treaty, or General Convention of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points: 1st. The present Treaty shall remain in full force and virtue for the term of twelve years, to be counted from the day of the exchange of the ratifications, in all the parts relating to commerce and navigation; and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be permanently and perpetually binding on both powers. 2dly. If any one or more of the citizens of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this Treaty, such citizen shall be held personally responsible for the same, and the harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3dly. If, (what, indeed, cannot be expected,) unfortunately, any of the articles contained in the present Treaty shall be violated or infringed in any other way whatever, it is expressly stipulated, that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorize any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages, until the said party considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proof, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. 4thly. Nothing in this Treaty contained shall, however, be construed, or operate contrary to former and existing public Treaties with other Sovereigns or States. To be approved and ratified by the contracting parties, and ratifications exchanged, within eight months.The present Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, shall be. approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the President of the Republic of Colombia, with the consent and approbation of the Congress of the same, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the City of Washington within eight months, to be counted from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, We, the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, and of the Republic of Colombia, have signed and sealed these presents. Done in the City of Bogota, on the third day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, in the forty-ninth year of the Independence of the United States of America, and the fourteenth of that of the Republic of Colombia. RICHARD CLOUGH ANDERSON Jr. (l. s.) PEDRO GUAL, (l. s.) 321 ARTº. 30º. Para protegér mas efectivamente su comercio y navegacion, las dos partes contratantes se convienen en formar luego que las circumstancias lo permitan, una Convencion Consulár, que declare mas especialmente los poderes é inmunidades de los Consules y Vice Consules de las partes respectivas. ARTº. 31º. La Republica de Colombia y los Estados-Unidos de America, deseando hacer tan duraderas y firmes; como las circumstancias lo permitan las relaciones que han de establecerse entre las dos Potencias, en virtud del presente tratado ó convencion general de paz, amistad, navigacion y commercio, han declarado solennemente y convienen en los puntos siguientes: 1º. El presente tratado permanecerá en su fuerza y vigor por el termino de doce años contados desde el dia del cange de las ratificaciones, en todos los puntos concernientes á comercio y navegacion, y en todos los demas puntos que se refieren á paz y amistad, sera permanente, y perpetuamente obligatorio para ambas potencias. 2º. Si alguno, ó algunos de los Ciudadanos de una ú otra parte infringiesen alguno de los articulos contenidos en el presente tratado, dichos ciudadanos seran personalmente responsables, sin que por esto se interrumpa la harmonia y buena correspondencia entre las dos Naciones, comprometiendose cada una á no protegár de modo alguno al ofensor, ó sanctionar semejante violacion. 3º. Si (lo que á la verdad no puede esperarse) desgraciadamente, alguno de los articulos contenidos en el presente tratado, fuesen en alguna otra manera violados, ó infringidos, se estipula espresamente que ninguna de las dos partes contratantes, ordenará, ó autorizará ningunos actos de represalia, ni declarará la guerra contra la otra por quejas de injurias, ó daños hasta que la parte que se crea ofendida, haya antes presentado á la otra una esposicion de aquellas injurias, ó daños, verificada con pruebas y testimonios competentes, exigiendo justicia y satisfaccion, y esto haya sido negado, ó diferido sin razon. 4º. Nada de cuanto se contiene en el presente tratado, se construirá sin embargo, ni obrará, en contra de otros tratados publicos anteriores, y existentes con otros soberanos ó Estados. El presente tratado de paz, amistad, navegacion, y comercio, será ratificado por el Presidente ó Vice Presidente de la Republica de Colombia, encargado del poder Ejecutivo con consentimiento y aprobacion del Congreso de la misma, y por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, con consejo, y consentimiento del Senado de los mismos; y las ratificaciones serán cangeadas en la Ciudad de Washington dentro de ocho meses contados desde este dia ó antes si fuese posible. En fe de lo cual nosotros los Plenipotenciarios de la Republica de Colombia, y de los Estados Unidos de America hemos firmado y sellado las presentes. Dadas en la Ciudad de Bogota el dia tres de Octubre del año del Señor mil ocho cientos veinticuatro, decimo cuarto de la independencia de la Republica de Colombia y cuadragesimo nono de la de los Estados-Unidos de America. Firmado. PEDRO GUAL, (l. s.) RICHARD CLOUGH ANDERSON, Jr. (l. s.) Dec. 5, 1825 Convention 8 Stat. 322 GENERAL CONVENTION OF PEACE, AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, Dec. 5, 1825.Ratified on the 2d Aug. 1826.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., Oct. 28, 1826.*Between the United States of America, and the Federation of the Centre of America.* The United States of America, and the Federation of the Centre of America, desiring to make firm and permanent the peace and friendship which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive, the rules which shall in future be religiously observed between the one and the other, by means of a Treaty, or General Convention of Peace, Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. Persons appointed to conclude a treaty.For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Henry Clay, their Secretary of State; and the Executive power of the Federation of the Centre of America on Antonio Jose Cañas, a Deputy of the Constituent National Assembly for the Province of San Salvador, and Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of that Republic, near the United States, who, after having exchanged their said full powers in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles : ARTICLE 1st. Peace and friendship.There shall be a perfect, firm, and inviolable peace, and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the Federation of the Centre of America, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and Citizens, respectively, without distinction of persons or places. ARTICLE 2d. Agree not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce, &c.The United States of America, and the Federation of the Centre of America, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other Nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favour to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. ARTICLE 3d. The citizens of each may frequent all the coasts, &c. of the other, &c.The two high contracting parties, being likewise desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree that the citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside and trade there, in all kinds of produce, manufactures, and merchandize, and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, which native citizens do or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages, there established, to which native citizens are subjected. But it is understood that this article does not include the coasting trade of either country, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties, respectively, according to their own separate laws. 322 CONVENCION GENERAL DE PAZ, AMISTAD, COMERCIO, Y NAVEGACION, *Entre la Federation de Centro-America, i los Estados-Unidos de America.* La Federacion de Centro-America i los Estados-Unidos de America, deseando hacer firme i permanente la paz i amistad que felizmente existe entre ambas Potencias, han resuelto fijar de Una manera clara, distinta y positiva, las reglas, que deben observar religiosamente en lo venidero, por medio de un Tratado ó Convencion General de Paz, Amistad, Comercio, y Navegacion. Con este muy deseable objeto, el Poder Executivo de la Federacion de Centro-America, ha conferido plenos poderes à Antonio Jose Cañas, diputado de la Asemblea Nacional Constituyente por la Provincia de San Salvador, i Enviado Extraordinario i Ministro Plenipotenciario de la aquella Republica cerca de los Estados Unidos, y el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, á Henrico Clay, su Secretario de Estado, quienes despues de haber canjeado sus espresados plenos poderes en debida i buena forma, han convenido en los articulos siguientes: ARTº. 1º. Habra una paz, perfecta, firmé, inviolable y amistad sincera entre la Federacion de Centro-America i los Estados-Unidos de America, en toda la estencion de sus posesiones i territorios, i entre sus Pueblos i Ciudadanos respectivamente sin distincion de personas, ni lugares. ARTº. 2º. La Federacion de Centro-America, i los Estados Unidos de America, deseando vivir en paz i harmonia con las demas Naciones de la tierra, por medio de una politica franca, é igualmente amistosa con todas, se obligan mutuamente à no conceder favores particulares à otras naciones, con respecto a comercio i navegacion, que no se hagan inmediatamente comun à una ú otra quien gozarà, de los mismos libremente, si la concesion fuese hecha libremente ó prestando la misma compensacion, si la concesion fuere condicional. ARTº. 3º. Las dos altas partes contratantes deseando tambien establecer el comercio y navagacion de sus respectivos paises sobre las liberales bases de perfecta igualidad y reciprocidad, convienen mutuamente que los Ciudadanos de cada una podran frecuentar todas las costas y paises de la otra y residir i traficar en ellos con toda clase de producciones, manufacturas, i mercaderias, i gozeran de todos los derechos, privilegios y esempciones con respecto à navegacion i comercio que gozan ò gozaren los Ciudadanos natives, sometiendose a las leyes, decretos è usos establecidos à que estan sujetos dichos Ciudadanos nativos. Pero debe entenderse que este articulo no comprende el comercio de costa de cada uno de los dos paises, cuya regulacion es reservada à las partes respectivamente, segun sus propias i peculiares leyes. 323 324 ARTICLE 4th. Further agreement with regard to the produce, &c. of each other.They likewise agree, that whatever kind of produce, manufacture or merchandize, of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States, in their own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the Federation of the Centre of America; and that no higher or other duties, upon the tonnage of the vessel, or her cargo, shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country, or of the other. And in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufactures, or merchandize, of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the Central Republic, in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States, and that no higher or other duties, upon the tonnage of the vessel, or her cargo, shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country, or of the other. And they further agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported, or re-exported, from the one country, in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may in like manner, be exported or re-exported, in the vessels of the other country. And the same bounties, duties, and drawbacks, shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation, or re-exportation, be made in vessels of the United States, or of the Central Republic. ARTICLE 5th. Regulation of duties.No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the Federation of the Centre of America, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Federation of the Centre of America, of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the United States, than are or shall be, payable on the like articles, being the produce or manufactures of any other foreign country; nor shall any higher or other duties, or charges, be imposed in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States, or to the Federation of the Centre of America, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country: nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles, the produce or manufactures of the United States, or of the Federation of the Centre of America, to or from the Territories of the United States, or to or from the Territories of the Federation of the Centre of America, which shall not equally extend to all other Nations. ARTICLE 6th. Further agreement.It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens, of both countries, to manage, themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandize, by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off, their ships; they being, in all these cases, to be treated as citizens of the country in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. ARTICLE 7th. Citizens of neither party to be Hable to any embargo, &c.The citizens of neither of the contracting parties shall be liable to any embargo, nor be detained with their vessels, cargoes, merchandize, or effects, for any military expedition, nor for any public or private pur- 325 ARTº. 4º. Igualmente convienen, que cualquiera clase de producciones, manufacturas ò mercaderias estrangeras que puedan ser, en cualquier tiempo, legalmente introducidas en la Republica Central en sus propios buques, puedan tambien ser introducidas en los buques de los Estados Unidos; i que no se irnpondran ò cobraran otros ò mayores derechos de tonelada ò por el cargamento, ya sea que la importacion se haga en buques de la una ò de la otra. De la misma manera que cualesquiera clase de producciones, manufacturas ò mercaderias estrangeras que pueden ser en cualquier tiempo legalmente introducidas en los Estados Unidos en sus propios buques, puedan tambien ser introducidas en los buques de la Federacion de Centro-America; i que no se irnpondran ò cobraran otros ò mayores derechos de tonelada ò por el cargamento ya sea que la importacion se haga en buques de la una ò de la otra. Convienen ademas, que todo lo que pueda ser legalmente esportado ò re-esportado de uno de los dos paises, en sus buques propios para un pais estranjero pueda de la misma manera ser esportado ò re-esportado en los buques de el otro. Y los mismos derechos, premios ò descuentos se concederan i cobraran ya sea que tai exportacion, ò re-exportacion se haga en los buques de la Republica Central ò de los Estados-Unidos. ARTº. 5º. No se irnpondran otros ò mayores derechos sobre la importacion de cualquier articulo, produccion ò manufactura de los Estados-Unidos en la Federacion de Centro-America, i no se irnpondran otros ò mayores derechos sobre la importacion de cualquier articulo, produccion ò manufactura de los Estados Unidos en la Federacion de Centro-America, i no se irnpondran otros ò mayores derechos sobre la importacion de cualquier articulo, produccion b manufactura de la Federacion de Centro-America en los Estados Unidos, que los que se pagan ò pagaren en adelante por iguales articulos, produccion ò manufactura de cualquiera pais estrangero: ni se irnpondran otros ò mayores derechos ò cargas en cualquiera de los dos paises sobre la esportacion de cualesquiera articulos para la Federacion de Centro-America ò para los Estados-Unidos respectivamente, que los que se pagan ò pagaren en adelante por la esportacion de iguales articulos para cualquiera otro pais estrangero; ni se establecera prohivicion sobre la importacion ò esportacion de cualesquiera articulos, produccion ó manufactura de los territories de la Federacion de Centro-America para los de los Estados Unidos, ò de los territories de los Estados Unidos para los de la Federacion de Centro-America, que no sea igualmente estensiva a las otras naciones. ARTº. 6º. Se conviene ademas, que serà enteramente libre i permitido, a los comerciantes, comandantes de buques i otros Ciudadanos de ambos paises el manejar sus negocios, por si mismos, en todos los puertos i lugares sujetos à la jurisdiccion de uno ù otro, asi respecto à las consignaciones i ventas por mayor i menor de sus efectos i mercaderias, como de la carga, descarga i despacho de sùs buques, debiendo en todos estos casos, ser tratados como Ciudadanos del pais en que residan, ò al menos puestos sobre un pie igual con los subditos ò Ciudadanos de las naciones mas favorecidas. ARTº. 7º. Los Ciudadanos de una ò otra parte, no podràn ser embargados ni detenidos con sus embarcaciones, tripulaciones, mercaderias, i efectos comerciales de su pertenencia, para alguna espedicion militar, usos 326 pose whatever, without allowing to those interested a sufficient indemnification. ARTICLE 8th. Protection to be given to citizens of each other, when in distress.Whenever the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be forced to seek refuge or asylum in the rivers, bays, ports, or dominions, of the other, with their vessels, whether merchant or of war, public or private, through stress of weather, pursuit of pirates, or enemies, they shall be received and treated with humanity, giving to them all favour and protection for repairing their ships, procuring provisions, and placing themselves in a situation to continue their voyage without obstacle or hindrance of any kind. ARTICLE 9th. All ships, &c. belonging to either party, captured by pirates, &c. to be delivered up to the owners.All the ships, merchandize, and effects, belonging to the citizens of one of the contracting parties, which may be captured by pirates, whether within the limits of its jurisdiction or on the high seas, and may be carried or found in the rivers, roads, bays, ports, or dominions, of the other, shall be delivered up to the owners, they proving, in due and proper form, their rights, before the competent tribunals; it being well understood that the claim should be made within the term of one year by the parties themselves, their attorneys, or agents of the respective governments. ARTICLE 10th. Assistance to be given to each other, in cases of wreck, &c.When any vessel belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties shall be wrecked, foundered, or shall suffer any damage on the coasts, or within the dominions of the other, there shall be given to them all assistance and protection, in the same manner which is usual and customary with the vessels of the nation where the damage happens, permitting them to unload the said vessel, if necessary, of its merchandize and effects, without exacting for it any duty, impost, or contribution whatever, until they may be exported. ARTICLE 11th. Citizens of either party may dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, &c.The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise, and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or *ab intestato*, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country, wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: And if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance, on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction, on the part of the government of the respective States. ARTICLE 12th. Contracting parties promise to give their special protection to the persons, &c. of citizens of each other.Both the contracting parties promise and engage formally to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories, subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials 327 publicos, ò particulares cualesquiera que sean, sin conceder à los interesados una suficiente indemnizacion. ARTº. 8º. Siempre que los Ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratrantes se vieren precisados à buscar refujio, ò asilo en los rios, bahias, puertos, ò dominios de la otra, con sus buques, ya sean mercantes, ò de guerra, publicos ò particulares, por mal tiempo, persecucion de piratas ò enemigos, seraà recibidos i tratados con humanidad, dandoles todo favor i proteccion, para reparar sus buques, procuràr viveres, i ponerse en situacion de continuar su viaje, sin obstaculo ò estorbo de ningun genero. ARTº. 9º. Todos los buques, mercaderias i efectos pertenecientes a los Ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que sean apresados por piratas, bien sea dentro de los limites de su jurisdiccion, ò en alta mar, i fueren llevados, ò hallados en los rios, radas, bahias, puertos, ò dominios de la otra, seràn entregados à sus duenos, probando estos en la forma propia i debida sus derechos ante los Tribunales competentes; bien entendido que el reclamo ha de hacerse dentro del termino de un año, por las mismas partes, sus apoderados ò Agentes de los respectivos Gobiernos. ARTº. 10º. Cuando algun buque perteneciente à los ciudadanos de alguna de las partes contratantes, naufrague, encalle, ò sufra alguna averia, en las costas, ò dentro de los dominios de la otra, se les dara toda ayuda i proteccion, del mismo modo que es uso y costumbre, con los buques de la nacion en donde suceda la averia: permitiendoles descargar el dicho buque (si fuere necesario) de sus mercaderias i efectos, sin cobrar por esto hasta que sean esportados, ningun derecho, impuesto ò contribucion. ARTº. 11º. Los ciudadanos de cada una de las partes contratantes, tendràn pleno poder para disponer de sus bienes personales dentro de la jurisdiccion de la otra, por venta, donacion, testamento, ò de otro modo; i sus representantes, siendo ciudadanos de la otra parte, succederàn à sus dichos bienes personales, ya sea por testamento ò *ab intestato*, i podran tomar posesion de ellos, ya sea por si mismos ò por otros, que obren por ellos, i disponer de los mismos, segun su voluntad, pagando aquellas cargas, solamente, que los habitantes del pais en donde estan los referidos bienes, estuvieren sujetos à pagar en iguales casos. Y si en el caso de bienes raices, los dichos herederos fuesen impedidos de entrar en la posesion de la herencia par razon de su caracter de estrangeros, se les dará el termino de tres años, para disponer de ella como juzguen conveniente, i para estraer el producto sin molestia, i esentos de todo derecho de deduccion, por parte del Gobierno de los respectivos Estados. ARTº. 12º. Ambas partes contratantes se comprometen i obligan formalmente à dar su proteccion especial à las personas y propiedades de los ciudadanos de cada una reciprocamente transeuntes ò habitantes de todas ocupaciones, en los territories sujetos à la jurisdiccion de una i otra, dejandoles abiertos i libres los tribunales de justicia, para sus recursos judiciales, en los mismos terminos que son de uso i costumbre para los naturales ò ciudadanos del pais en que residan : para lo cual, podràn emplear en defensa de sus derechos aquellos Abogados, Procuradores, Escribanos, Agentes, ò Factores que juzguen conveniente, en todos sus 328 at law; and such citizens or agents shall have free opportunity to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them, and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials. ARTICLE 13th. Security of conscience to be enjoyed by citizens of both parties.It is likewise agreed, that the most perfect and entire security of conscience shall be enjoyed by the citizens of both the contracting parties in the country subject to the jurisdiction of the one and the other, without their being liable to be disturbed or molested on account of their religious belief, so long as they respect the laws and established usages of the country. Moreover, the bodies of the citizens of one of the contracting parties, who may die in the territories of the other, shall be buried in the usual burying grounds, or in other decent and suitable places, and shall be protected from violation or disturbance. ARTICLE 14th. Citizens of both parties to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security.It shall be lawful for the citizens of the United States of America and of the Federation of the Centre of America to sail with their ships, with all manner of liberty and security, no distinction being made who are the proprietors of the merchandize laden thereon, from any port, to the places of those who now are or hereafter shall be at enmity with either of the contracting parties. It shall likewise be lawful for the citizens aforesaid to sail with the ships and merchandize before mentioned, and to trade with the same liberty and security from the places, ports, and havens, of those who are enemies of both or either party, without any opposition or disturbance whatsoever, not only directly from the places of the enemy, before mentioned, to neutral places, but also from one place belonging to an enemy to another place belonging to an enemy, whether they be under the jurisdiction of one power or under several. And it is hereby stipulated, that free ships shall also give freedom to goods, and that every thing shall be deemed to be free and exempt, which shall be found on board the ships belonging to the citizens of either of the contracting parties, although the whole lading, or any part thereof, should appertain to the enemies of either, contraband goods being always excepted. It is also agreed, in like manner, that the same liberty be extended to persons who are on board a free ship, with this effect, that although they be enemies to both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that free ship, unless they are officers or Proviso.soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemy : Provided however, and it is hereby agreed, that the stipulations in this article contained, declaring that the flag shall cover the property, shall be understood as applying to those Powers only who recognise this principle; but if either of the two contracting parties shall be at war with a third, and the other neutral, the flag of the neutral shall cover the property of enemies whose governments acknowledge this principle, and not of others. ARTICLE 15th. Further agreement.It is likewise agreed, that, in the case where the neutral flag of one of the contracting parties shall protect the property of the enemies of the other, by virtue of the above stipulation, it shall always be understood that the neutral property found on board such enemy’s vessels shall be held and considered as enemy’s property, and as such shall be liable to detention and confiscation, except such property as was put on board such vessel before the declaration of war, or even afterwards, if it were done without the knowledge of it; but the contracting parties agree, that two months having elapsed after the declaration, their citizens shall not plead ignorance thereof. On the contrary, if the flag of 329 asuntos i litigios; i dichos ciudadanos ò Agentes tendràn la libre facultad de estar presentes en las decisiones i sentencias de los Tribunales, en todos los casos que les conciernan, como igualmente al tomar todos los examenes i declaraciones que se ofrezcan en los dichos litigios. ARTº. 13º. Se conviene igualmente en que los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes gozen la mas perfecta i entera seguridad de conciencia en los paises sujetos à la jurisdiccion de una ù otra, sin quedar por ello espuestos à ser inquietados ò molestados en razon de su creencia religiosa, mientras que respeten las leyes i usos establecidos. Ademas de esto, podrán sepultarse los cadaveres de los ciudadanos de una de las partes contratantes, que fallecieren en los territorios de la otra, en los cementerios acostumbrados, ò en otros lugares decentes, i adecuados, los cuales, seràn protejidos contra toda violacion ò trastorno. ARTº. 14º. Sera licito a los ciudadanos de la Federacion de Centro-America, i de los Estados-Unidos de America, navegar con sus buques, con toda seguridad i libertad, de cualquiera puerto à las plazas ò lugares de los que son ò fueren en adelante enemigos de cualquiera de las dos partes contratantes, sin hacerse distincion de quienes son los duenos de las mercaderias cargados en ellos. Serà, igualmente licito à los referidos ciudadanos navegar con sus buques i mercaderias mencionadas i traficar con la misma libertad i seguridad, de los lugares, puertos i enseñadas de los enemigos de ambas partes, ò de alguna de ellas, sin ninguna oposicion, ò disturbio cualquiera, no solo directamente de los lugares de enemigo arriba mencionados à lugares neutros, sino tambien de un lugar perteneciente à un enemigo, à otro enemigo, ya sea que esten bajo la jurisdiccion de una potencia, ò bajo la de diversas. Y queda aqui estipulado, que los buques libres, dan tambien libertad à las mercaderias, i que se ha de considerar libre i esento todo lo que se hallare à bordo de los buques pertenecientes à los ciudadanos de cualquiera de las partes contratantes, aunque toda la carga ò parte de ella pertenezca à enemigos de una ù otra, eceptuando siempre los articulos de contrabando de guerra. Se conviene tambien del mismo modo, en que la misma libertad se estienda à las personas que se encuentren à bordo de buques libres, con el fin de que aunque dichas personas sean enemigos de ambas partes ò de alguna de ellas, no deban ser estraidos de los buques libres, à memos que sean oficiales ò soldados en actual servicio de los enemigos: à condicion no obstante, i se conviene aqui en esto, que las estipulaciones contenidas en el presente articulo, declarando que el Pabellon cubre la propiedad, se entenderán applicables solamente à aquellas potencias que reconocen este principio; pero si alguna de las dos partes contratantes, estuviere en guerra con una tercera, i la otra permaneciese neutral, la bandera de la neutral cubrirà la propiedad de los enemigos, cuyos Gobiernos reconozcan este principio i no de otros. ARTº. 15º. Se conviene igualmente que en el caso de que la bandera neutral de una de las partes contratantes protega las propiedades de los enemigos de la otra en virtud de lo estipulado arriba, deberà siempre entenderse, que las propiedades neutrales encontradas à bordo de tales buques enemigos, han de tenerse i considerarse como propiedades enemigas, i como tales, estaràn sujetas à detencion, i confiscacion, eseptuando solamente aquellas propiedades que hubiesen sido puestas à bordo de tales buques antes de la declaracion de la guerra, i aun despues, si hubiesen sido embarcadas en dichos buques, sin tener noticia de la guerra; i se conviene, que pasados dos meses despues de la declaracion, los ciuda- 330 the neutral does not protect the enemy’s property, in that case the goods and merchandize of the neutral, embarked in such enemy’s ships, shall be free. ARTICLE 16th. Liberty of navigation and commerce to extend to all kinds of merchandise except the following.This liberty of navigation and commerce shall extend to all kinds of merchandize, excepting those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband, and under this name of contraband, or prohibited goods, shall be comprehended— 1st. Cannons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blunderbusses, muskets, fuzees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes, swords, sabres, lances, spears, halberds, and granades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and all other things belonging to the use of these arms; 2dly. Bucklers, helmets, breast plates, coats of mail, infantry belts and clothes, made up in the form and for a military use; 3dly. Cavalry belts and horses, with their furniture; 4thly. And generally all kinds of arms and instruments of iron, steel, brass, and copper, or of any other materials manufactured, prepared, and formed, expressly to make war by sea or land. ARTICLE 17th. All other merchandise not comprehended in the articles above enumerated, to be held as free.All other merchandize and things not comprehended in the articles of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above, shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they may be carried and transported in the freest manner by both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy, excepting only those places which are at that time besieged or blockaded: and, to avoid all doubt in this particular, it is declared that those places only are besieged or blockaded which are actually attacked by a belligerent force capable of preventing the entry of the neutral. ARTICLE 18th. Articles of contraband to be subject to detention and confiscation.The articles of contraband, before enumerated and classified, which may be found in a vessel bound for an enemy’s port, shall be subject to detention and confiscation, leaving free the rest of the cargo and the ship, that the owners may dispose of them as they see proper. No vessel of either of the two nations shall be detained on the high seas on account of having on board articles of contraband, whenever the master, captain, or supercargo, of said vessels will deliver up the articles of contraband to the captor, unless the quantity of such articles be so great and of so large a bulk that they cannot be received on board the capturing ship without great inconvenience; but, in this and in all other cases of just detention, the vessel detained shall be sent to the nearest convenient and safe port, for trial and judgment, according to law. ARTICLE 19th. Further agreement.And whereas it frequently happens that vessels sail for a port or place belonging to an enemy, without knowing that the same is besieged, blockaded, or invested, it is agreed, that every vessel so circumstanced may be turned away from such port or place, but shall not be detained, nor shall any part of her cargo, if not contraband, be confiscated, unless, after warning of such blockade or investment, from the commanding officer of the blockading forces, she shall again attempt to enter; but she shall be permitted to go to any other port or place she shall think proper. Nor shall any vessel of either, that may have entered into such port before the same was actually besieged, blockaded, 331 danos de una i otra parte no podràn alegar que la ignoraban. Por el contrario, si la bandera neutral, no protegiese las propiedades enemigas, entonces seran libres los efectos i mercaderias de la parte neutral, embarcados en buques enemigos. ARTº. 16º. Esta libertad de navegacion i comercio se estenderà à todo genero de mercaderias, eceptuando aquellas solamente, que se distinguen con el norabre de contrabando, i bajo este nombre, de *contrabando* ò efectos prohibidos se comprenderàn: 1º. Cañones, morteros, obuces, pedreros, trabucos, mosquetes, fusiles, rifles, carabinas, pistolas, picas, espadas, sables, lanzas, chuzos, alabardas, i granadas, bombas, polvora, mechas, balas, con las demas cosas correspondientes al uso de estas armas. 2º. Escudos, casquetes, corazas, cotas de malla, fornituras, i vestidos hechos en forma, i á usanza militar. 3º. Bandoleras, i caballos junto con sus armas i arneses. 4º. Y generalmente toda especie de armas, è instrumentos de hierro, acero, bronce, cobre, i otras materias cualesquiera, manufacturadas, preparadas, i formadas espresamente para hacer la guerra por mar, ò tierra. ARTº. 17º. Todas las demas mercaderias, i efectos no comprendidos en los articulos de contrabando esplicitamente enumerados, i clasificados en el articulo anterior, seràn tenidos, i reputados por libres, i de licito i libre comercio, de modo, que ellos puedan ser transportados, i llevados de la manera mas libre, por los ciudadanos de ambas partes contratantes, aun à los lugares pertenecientes à un enemigo de una ù otra, eceptuando solamente aquellos lugares ò plazas, que estan al mismo tiempo sitiadas ò bloqueadas; i para evitar toda duda en el particular, se declaran sitiadas ò bloqueadas aquellas plazas, que en la actualidad estuviesen atacadas por una fuerza de un beligerante capaz de impedir la entrada del neutral. ARTº. 18º. Los articulos de contrabando antes enumerados i clasificados, que se hallen en un buque destinado à puerto enemigo estaran sujetos à detencion i confiscacion; dejando libre el resto del cargamento i el buque, para que los dueños puedan disponer de ellos como lo crean conveniente. Ningun buque de cualquiera de las dos Naciones, serà detenido, por tener à bordo articulos de contrabando, siempre que el Maestre, Capitan ò Sobrecargo de dicho buque quiera entregar los articulos de contrabando al apresador, à menos que la cantidad de estos articulos sea tan grande i de tanto volumen, que no puedan ser recibidos à bordo del buque apresador, sin grandes inconvenientes; pero en este, como en todos los otros casos de justa detencion, el buque detenido sera enviado al puerto mas inmediato, comodo, i seguro, para ser juzgado i sentenciado conforme à las leyes. ARTº. 19º. Y por cuanto frecuentemente sucede que los buques navegan para un puerto ò lugar perteneciente à un enemigo, sin saber que aquel estè sitiado, bloqueado ò envestido, se conviene en que todo buque en estas circumstancias se pueda hacer volver de dicho puerto, ò lugar; pero no serà detenido, ni confiscada, parte alguna de su cargamento, no siendo contrabando; à menos que despues de la intimacion de semejante bloqueo ò ataque, por el comandante de las fuerzas bloqueadoras, intentase otra vez entrar; pero le sera permitido ir à cualquiera otro puerto ò lugar que juzgue conveniente. Ni ningun buque de una de las partes, que haya entrado en semejante puerto, ò lugar, antes que estuviese 332 or invested, by the other, be restrained from quitting such place, with her cargo, nor, if found therein, after the reduction and surrender, shall such vessel or her cargo be liable to confiscation, but they shall be restored to the owners thereof. ARTICLE 20th. Regulation of visits at sea.In order to prevent all kind of disorder in the visiting and examination of the ships and cargoes of both the contracting parties on the high seas, they have agreed, mutually, that whenever a vessel of war, public or private, shall meet with a neutral of the other contracting party, the first shall remain out of cannon shot, and may send its boat, with two or three men only, in order to execute the said examination of the papers concerning the ownership and cargo of the vessel, without causing the least extortion, violence, or ill treatment, for which the commanders of the said armed ships shall be responsible with their persons and property, for which purpose the commanders of said private armed vessels shall, before receiving their commissions, give sufficient security to answer for all the damages they may commit. And, it is expressly agreed, that the neutral party shall in no case be required to go on board the examining vessel, for the purpose of exhibiting her papers, or for any other purpose whatever. ARTICLE 21st. Course to be pursued to avoid vexation in the examination of papers.To avoid all kind of vexation and abuse in the examination of the papers relating to the ownership of the vessels belonging to the citizens of the two contracting parties, they have agreed, and do agree, that in case one of them should be engaged in war, the ships and vessels belonging to the citizens of the other must be furnished with sea-letters or passports, expressing the name, property, and bulk of the ship, as also the name and place of habitation of the master or commander of said vessel, in order that it may thereby appear that the ship really and truly belongs to the citizens of one of the parties; they have likewise agreed that, such ships, being laden, besides the said sea-letters or passports, shall also be provided with certificates, containing the several particulars of the cargo, and the place whence the ship sailed, so that it may be known whether any forbidden or contraband goods be on board the same; which certificates shall be made out by the officers of the place whence the ship sailed, in the accustomed form; without which requisites, said vessel may be detained to be adjudged by the competent tribunal, and may be declared legal prize, unless the said defects shall be satisfied or supplied by testimony entirely equivalent. ARTICLE 22d. Further agreement.It is further agreed, that the stipulations above expressed, relative to the visiting and examination of vessels, shall apply only to those which sail without convoy; and when said vessels shall be under convoy, the verbal declaration of the commander of the convoy, on his word of honour, that the vessels under his protection belong to the nation whose flag he carries—and when they are bound to an enemy’s port, that they have no contraband goods on board, shall be sufficient. ARTICLE 23d. Prize causes.It is further agreed, that in all cases the established courts for prize causes, in the country to which the prizes may be conducted, shall alone take cognizance of them. And whenever such tribunal of either party shall pronounce judgment against any vessel or goods, or property claimed by the citizens of the other party, the sentence or decree shall mention the reasons or motives on which the same shall have been 333 sitiado, bloqueado, ò envestidro por la otra, sera impedido de dejar el tal lugar con su cargamento, ni si fuere hallado alli despues de la rendicion i entrega de semejante lugar, estarà el tai buque ò su cargamento sujeto à confiscacion, sino que seràn restituidos à sus dueños. ARTº. 20º. Para evitar todo genero de desorden en la visita, i examen de los buques i cargamentos de ambas partes contratantes en alta mar, han convenido mutuamente, que siempre que un buque de guerra, publico ò particular se encontrase con un neutral de la otra parte contratante, el primero permanecerà fuera de tiro de cañon, i podra mandar su bote, con dos d tres hombres solamente, para ejecutar el dicho examen de los papeles concernientes á la propiedad i carga del buque, sin ocasionar la menor estorcion, violencia ò mal tratamiento, por lo que los comandantes del dicho buque armado seràn responsables, con sus personas i bienes; a cuyo efecto los comandantes de buques armados, por cuenta de particulares, estaràn obligados antes de entregarseles sus comisiones ò patentes, à dar fianza suficiente para responder de los perjuicios que causen. Y se ha convenido espresamente, que en ningun caso se exigira à la parte neutral, que vaya à bordo del buque examinador con el fin de exibir sus papeles, ò para cualquiera otro objeto sea el que fuere. ARTº. 21º. Para evitar toda clase de vejamen i abuso en el examen de los papeles relatives à la propiedad de los buques pertenecientes à los ciudadanos de las dos partes contratantes, han convenido i convienen, que en caso de que una de ellas estuviere en guerra, los buques, i bajeles pertenecientes à los ciudadanos de la otra, seran provistos con letras de mar, ò pasaportes, espresando el nombre, propiedad i tamaño del buque, como tambien el nombre i lugar de la residencia del Maestre, ò comandante, à fin de que se vea que el buque, real i verdaderamente pertenece à los ciudadanos de una de las partes; i han convenido igualmente, que estando cargados los espresados buques, ademas de las letras de mar, ò pasaportes, estaran tambien provistos de certificates, que contengan los por menores del cargamento, i el lugar de donde salió el buque, para que asi pueda saberse, si hay à su bordo algunos efectos prohibidos ò de contrabando, cuyos certificates serán hechos por los oficiales del lugar de la procedentia del buque, en la forma acostumbrada, sin cuyos requisites el dicho buque puede ser detenido, para ser juzgado por el Tribunal competente, i puede ser declarado buena presa, à menos que satisfagan, ò suplan el defecto con testimonies enteramente equivalentes. ARTº. 22º. Se ha convenido ademas, que las estipulaciones anteriores relativas al examen i visita de buques, se aplicarán solamente à los que navegan sin conboy i que cuando los dichos buques, estuvieren bajo de conboy, serà bastante la declaracion verbal del Comandante del conboy, bajo su palabra de honor, de que los buques que estan bajo su proteccion pertenecen a la nacion, cuya bandera Ilevan, i cuando se dirijen à un puerto enemigo, que los dichos buques no tienen à su bordo articulos de contrabando de guerra. ARTº. 23º. Se ha convenido ademas, que en todos los casos que ocurran, solo los Tribunales establecidos para causas de presas, en el pais à que las presas sean conducidas, tomaràn conocimiento de ellas. Y siempre que semejante Tribunal de cualquiera de las partes, pronunciase sentencia contra algun buque, ò efectos, ó propiedad reclamada por los ciudadanos de la otra parte, la sentencia ò decreto harà mencion de las razones 334 founded, and an authenticated copy of the sentence or decree, and of all the proceedings in the case, shall, if demanded, be delivered to the commander or agent of said vessel, without any delay, he paying the legal fees for the same. ARTICLE 24th. Whenever one of the contracting parties shall be engaged in war with another State, no citizen of the other contracting party shall accept a commission, or letter of marque, for the purpose of assisting or co-operating hostilely, with the said enemy, against the said party so at war, under the pain of being treated as a pirate. ARTICLE 25th. Fatality.If, by any fatality, which cannot be expected, and which God forbid, the two contracting parties should be engaged in a war with each other, they have agreed, and do agree, now for then, that there shall be allowed the term of six months to the merchants residing on the coasts and in the ports of each other, and the term of one year to those who dwell in the interior, to arrange their business, and transport their effects wherever they please, giving to them the safe conduct necessary for it, which may serve as a sufficient protection until they arrive at the designated port. The citizens of all other occupations, who may be established in the territories or dominions of the United States and of the Federation of the Centre of America, shall be respected and maintained in the full enjoyment of their personal liberty and property, unless their particular conduct shall cause them to forfeit this protection, which, in consideration of humanity, the contracting parties engage to give them. ARTICLE 26th. Debts.Neither the debts due from individuals of the one nation to the individuals of the other, nor shares nor moneys, which they may have in public funds, nor in public or private banks, shall ever, in any event of war, or of national difference, be sequestered or confiscated. ARTICLE 27th. Official intercourse.Both the contracting parties being desirous of avoiding all inequality in relation to their public communications and official intercourse, have agreed and do agree, to grant to the Envoys, Ministers and other Public Agents, the same favours, immunities and exemptions, which those of the most favoured nation do or shall enjoy; it being understood that whatever favours, immunities or privileges, the United States of America or the Federation of the Centre of America, may find it proper to give to the Ministers and Public Agents of any other power, shall, by the same act, be extended to those of each of the contracting parties. ARTICLE 28th. Consuls and vice consuls.To make more effectual the protection which the United States and the Federation of the Centre of America shall afford in future to the navigation and commerce of the citizens of each other, they agree to receive and admit Consuls and Vice Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, of the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the most favoured nation; each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient. 335 ò motivos en que aquella se haya fundado, y se entregarà sin demora alguna al comandante ò agente de dicho buque, si lo solicitase, un testimonio autentico de la sentencia, ò decreto, ò de todo el proceso, pagando, por el los derechos legales. ARTº. 24º. Siempre que una de las partes contratantes estuviere empeñada en guerra, con otro Estado ningun Ciudadano de la otra parte contratante aceptarà una comision ò letra de marca para el objeto de ayudar ò cooperar hostilmente con el dicho enemigo, contra la dicha parte que estè asi en guerra, bajo la pena de ser tratado como pirata. ARTº. 25º. Si por alguna fatalidad, que no puede esperarse, i que Dios no permita, las dos partes contratantes se viesen empeñadas en guerra una con otra, han convenido y convienen de ahora para entonces, que se concedera el termino de seis meses à los comerciantes residentes en las costas i en los puertos de entrambas, i el termino de un año à los que habitan en el interior, para arreglar sus negocios, i transportar sus efectos á donde quieran, dandoles el salvo conducto necesario para ello, que les sirva de suficiente proteccion hasta que lleguen al puerto que designer!. Los Ciudadanos de otras ocupaciones, que se hallen establecidos en los territorios ò dominios de la Federacion de Centro-America, ò los Estados-Unidos de America, seràn respetados, i mantenidos en el pleno goze de su libertad personal i propiedad, à menos que su conducta particular les haga perder esta proteccion, que en consideracion à la humanidad, las partes contratantes se conprometen à prestarles. ARTº. 26º. Ni las deudas contraidas por los individuos de una Nacion, con los individuos de la otra, ni las acciones ò dineros, que puedan tener en los fondos publicos, ò en los bancos publicos, ò privados, seran jamas secuestrados ò confiscados en ningun caso de guerra, ò diferencia nacional. ARTº. 27º. Deseando ambas partes contratantes, evitar toda diferencia, relativa à etiqueta en sus comunicaciones, i correspondencias diplomaticas han convenido asi mismo, i convienen en conceder à sus Enviados, Ministros, i otros Agentes Diplomaticos, los mismos favores, inmunidades, i esenciones da que gozan, ò gozaren en lo venidero los de las naciones mas favorecidas, bien entendido que cualquier favòr, inmunidad ò privilegio, que la Federacion de Centro-America, ò los Estados Unidos de America, tengan por conveniente dispensar à los Enviados, Ministros, y Agentes Diplomaticos de otras Potencias, se haga por el mismo hecho estensivo à los de una i otra de las partes contratantes. ARTº. 28º. Para hacer mas efectiva la proteccion, que la Federacion de Centro-America, i los Estados-Unidos de America, daràn en adelante à la navegacion i comercio de los ciudadanos de una i otra, se convienen en recibir i admitir Consules, i Vice Consules en todos los puertos abiertos al comercio estrangero, quienes gozaràn en ellos todos los derechos, prerrogativas è inmunidades de los Consules, i Vice Consules de la nacion mas favorecida, quedando no obstante en libertad cada parte contratante, para eceptuar aquellos puertos i lugares en que la admision i residencia de semejantes Consules, i Vice Consules no parezca conveniente. 336 ARTICLE 29th. Consuls, &c. to enjoy the rights, &c. belonging to them by their public character.In order that the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the two contracting parties may enjoy the rights, prerogatives, and immunities, which belong to them, by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent, in due form to the government to which they are accredited; and having obtained their exequatur, they shall be held and considered as such, by all the authorities, magistrates and inhabitants, in the Consular District in which they reside. ARTICLE 30th. Persons attached to the service of consuls, &c.It is likewise agreed, that the Consuls, their Secretaries, Officers, and persons attached to the service of Consuls, they not being citizens of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts, and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay on account of commerce, or their property, to which the citizens and inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which they reside are subject, being in every thing besides subject to the laws of the respective States. The archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably, and under no pretext whatever shall any magistrate seize, or in any way interfere with them. ARTICLE 31st. Power of consuls respecting deserters.The said Consuls shall have power to require the assistance of the authorities of the country for the arrest, detention, and custody of deserters from the public and private vessels of their country, and for that purpose they shall address themselves to the courts, judges, and officers competent, and shall demand the said deserters in writing, proving by an exhibition of the registers of the vessels or ship’s roll, or other public documents, that those men were part of the said crews; and, on this demand so proved, (saving, however, where the contrary is proved,) the delivery shall not be refused. Such deserters, when arrested, shall be put at the disposal of the said Consuls, and may be put in the public prisons at the request and expense of those who reclaim them, to be sent to the ships to which they belonged, or to others of the same nation. But if they be not sent back within two months, to be counted from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall be no more arrested for the same cause. ARTICLE 32d. Commerce and navigation.For the purpose of more effectually protecting their commerce and navigation, the two contracting parties do hereby agree, as soon hereafter as circumstances will permit them, to form a Consular Convention, which shall declare specially the powers and immunities of the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the respective parties. ARTICLE 33d. Points agreed on.The United States of America and the Federation of the Centre of America, desiring to make as durable as circumstances will permit, the relations which are to be established between the two parties by virtue of this Treaty, or General Convention of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, have declared solemnly, and do agree to the following points: 1st. The present Treaty shall remain in full force and virtue for the term of twelve years, to be counted from the day of the exchange of the ratifications, in all the parts relating to Commerce and Navigation; and in all those parts which relate to peace and friendship, it shall be permanently and perpetually binding on both powers. 337 ARTº. 29º. Para que los Consules i Vice Consules de las dos partes contratantes, puedan gozar los derechos, prerrogativas, è inmunidades, que les corresponden por su caracter publico, antes de entrar en el ejercicio de sus funciones, presentaran su comision ò patente en la forma debida, al Gobierno con quien estan acreditados, i habiendo obtenido el *exequatur*, seràn tenidos, i considerados como tales, por todas las autoridades, majistrados i habitantes del distrito Consular en que residan. ARTº. 30º. Se ha convenido igualmente, que los Consules, sus Secretaries, oficiales i personas agregadas al servicio de los consulados (no siendo estas personas ciudadanos del pais en que el Consul reside) estaràn esentos de todo servicio publico, y tambien de toda especie de pechos, impuestos, i contribuciones, eceptuando aquellas que esten obligados à pagar por razon de comercio, ò propiedad, i à las cuales estan sujetos los Ciudadanos, i habitantes naturales, i estrangeros del pais en que residen, quedando en todo lo demas, sujetos à las leyes de los respectivos Estados. Los archives i papeles de los consulados seràn respetados inviolablemente, i bajo ningun pretesto los ocupara magistrado alguno, ni tendra en ellos ninguna intervencion. ARTº. 31º. Los dichos Consules tendran poder de requerir el auxilio de las autoridades locales, para la prision, detencion i custodia de los desertores de buques publicos i particulares de su pais, i para este objeto se dirigiràn à los Tribunales, Jueces, i oficiales competentes, y pediràn los dichos desertores por escrito, probando por una presentacion de los registros de los buques, rol del equipage, ù otros documentos publicos, que aquellos hombres eran parte de las dichas tripulaciones, i a esta demanda asi probada (menos no obstante cuando se probare lo contrario) no se reusarà la entrega. Semejantes desertores, luego que sean arrestados, se pondràn à disposicion de los dichos Consules, i pueden ser depositados en las prisiones publicas, à solicitud i espensas de los que los reclamen, para ser enviados à los buques à que corresponden ò à otros de la misma nacion. Pero si no fueren mandados dentro de dos meses contados desde el dia de su arresto, seràn puestos en libertad, y no volveran à ser presos por la misma causa. ARTº. 32º. Para proteger mas efectivamente su comercio y navegacion, las dos partes contratantes se convienen en formar luego que las circumstancias lo permitan, una Convencion Consular, que declare mas especialmente los poderes é inmunidades de los Consules i Vice Consules de las partes respectivas. ARTº. 33º. La Federacion de Centro-America, i los Estados Unidos de America, deseando hacer tan duraderas i firmes, como las circumstancias lo permitan las relaciones, que han de establecerse entre las dos Potencias, en virtud del presente Tratédo ó Convencion General de Paz, Amistad, Comercio, i Navegacion, han declarado solennemente i convienen en los puntos siguientes: 1º. El presente tratado permanecerà en su fuerza i vigor por el termino de doce años contados desde el dia del cange de las ratificaciones, en todos los puntos concernientes à comercio i navegacion, i en todos los demas puntos que se refieren à paz i amistad, sera permanente, i perpetuamente obligatorio para ambas potencias. 338 2dly. If any one or more of the citizens of either party shall infringe any of the articles of this Treaty, such citizen shall be held personally responsible for the same, and the harmony and good correspondence between the two nations shall not be interrupted thereby; each party engaging in no way to protect the offender, or sanction such violation. 3dly. If (which, indeed, cannot be expected,) unfortunately, any of the articles contained in the present Treaty shall be violated or infringed in any other way whatever, it is expressly stipulated, that neither of the contracting parties will order or authorize any acts of reprisal, nor declare war against the other, on complaints of injuries or damages, until the said party considering itself offended, shall first have presented to the other a statement of such injuries or damages, verified by competent proof, and demanded justice and satisfaction, and the same shall have been either refused or unreasonably delayed. 4thly. Nothing in this Treaty contained shall, however, be construed or operate contrary to former and existing Public Treaties with other Sovereigns or States. The present Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by the Government of the Federation of the Centre of America, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the City of Guatemala, within eight months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner if possible. In faith whereof, we, the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America and of the Federation of the Centre of America, have signed and sealed these presents. Done in the City of Washington, on the fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, in the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, and the fifth of that of the Federation of the Centre of America, in duplicate. H. CLAY, (l. s.) ANTONIO JOSE CANAS, (l. s.) 339 2º. Si alguno, ó algunos de los Ciudadanos de una ú otra parte infringiesen alguno de los articulos contenidos en el presente tratado, dichos ciudadanos seran personalmente responsables, sin que por esto se interrumpa la harmonia i buena correspondencia entre las dos Naciones, comprometiendose cada una á no proteger de modo alguno al ofensor, ó sancionar semejante violacion. 3º. Si (lo que á la verdad no puede esperarse) desgraciadamente, alguno de los articulos contenidos en el presente tratado, fuesen en alguna otra manera violados, ó infringidos, se estipula espresamente que ninguna de las dos partes contratantes, ordenará, ó autorizará ningunos actos de represalia, ni declarará la guerra contra la otra por quejas de injurias, ó daños, hasta que la parte que se crea ofendida, haya antes presentado á la otra una esposicion de aquellas injurias, ó daños, verificada con pruebas i testimonies competentes, exigiendo justicia i satisfaccion, i esto haya sido negado, ó diferido sin razon. 4º. Nada de cuanto se contiene en el presente tratado, se construirá sin embargo, ni obrará, en contra de otros tratados publicos anteriores, i existentes con otros soberanos ó Estados. El presente tratado de paz, amistad, comercio, y navegacion, será ratificado por el Gobierno de la Federacion de Centro-America, por el Presidente de los Estados Unidos de America, con consejo, i consentimiento del Senado de los mismos; i las ratificaciones seran cangeadas en la Ciudad de Guatemala dentro de ochos meses contados desde este dia, ó antes si fuese posible. En fe de lo cual nosotros los Plenipotenciarios de la Federacion de Centro-America, y de los Estados-Unidos de America hemos firmado y sellado las presentes. Dadas en la Ciudad de Washington, el dia cinco de Deciembre del año del Señor mil ocho cientos veinticinco, quinto de la independencia de la Federacion de Centro-America i quinquagesimo de la de los Estados Unidos de America, per duplicado. ANTONIO JOSE CANAS, (l. s.) H. CLAY, (l. s.) April 26, 1826 Convention 8 Stat. 340 GENERAL CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, April 26, 1826.Ratified Aug. 10, 1826.Proclamation of the President of the United States, Oct. 14, 1826.Peace, &c.*Between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of Denmark.* (*a*)(*a*) The treaties and conventions between the United States and Denmark have been: General Convention of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of Denmark, April 26, 1826. Convention between the United States of America and his Majesty the King of Denmark, March 28, 1830. Post, 402. The United States of America and his Majesty the King of Denmark, being desirous to make firm and permanent the peace and friendship which happily prevail between the two nations, and to extend the commercial relations which subsist between their respective territories and People, have agreed to fix, in a manner clear and positive, the rules which shall in future be observed between the one and the other party, by means of a General Convention of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. With that object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Henry Clay, their Secretary of State, and his Majesty the King of Denmark has conferred like powers on Peter Pedersen, his Privy Counsellor of Legation, and Minister resident near the said States, Knight of the Dannebrog, who, after having exchanged their said full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles: ARTICLE 1. Commerce and navigation.The contracting parties, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage, mutually, not to grant any particular favour to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession were freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession were conditional. ARTICLE 2. Navigation, equality, and reciprocity.The contracting parties being likewise desirous of placing the Commerce and Navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree that the citizens and subjects of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, (with the exception hereafter provided for in the sixth article,) and reside and trade there in all kinds of produce, manufactures, and merchandize ; and they shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions, in navigation and commerce, which native citizens or subjects do, or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages, there established, to which native citizens or subjects are subjected. But it is understood that this article does not include the coasting trade of either country, the regulation of which is reserved by the parties, respectively, according to their own separate laws. ARTICLE 3. Produce and manufactures.They, likewise, agree that whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandize, of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States, in vessels belonging wholly to the citi- 340 341 zens thereof, may be also imported in vessels wholly belonging to the subjects of Denmark; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel or her cargo shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other. And, in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandize, of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the dominions of the King of Denmark, in the vessels thereof, (with the exception hereafter mentioned in the sixth article,) may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage of the vessel or her cargo shall be levied and collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one country or of the other. And they further agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported or re-exported, from the one country in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported or re-exported in the vessels of the other country. And the same bounties, duties, and drawbacks, shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the United States or of Denmark. Nor shall higher or other charges of any kind be imposed, in the ports of one party, on vessels of the other, than are, or shall be, payable in the same ports by native vessels. ARTICLE 4. No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation intoDuties. the United States of any article, the produce or manufacture of the dominions of his Majesty the King of Denmark; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the said dominions of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be, payable on the like articles, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. Nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any articles to the United States, or to the dominions of his Majesty the King of Denmark, respectively, than such as are, or may be, payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation or importation of any articles, the produce or manufacture of the United States, or of the dominions of his Majesty the King of Denmark, to, or from, the territories of the United States, or to or from the said dominions, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. ARTICLE 5. Neither the vessels of the United States nor their cargoes shall, whenSame. they pass the Sound or the Belts, pay higher or other duties than those which are or may be paid by the most favoured nation. ARTICLE 6. The present Convention shall not apply to the Northern possessionsPossessions of his Majesty the King of Denmark; that is to say, Iceland, the Ferroe Islands, and Greenland, nor to places situated beyond the Cape of Good Hope, the right to regulate the direct intercourse with which possessions and places is reserved by the parties respectively. And it is further agreed that this Convention is not to extend to the direct trade between Denmark and the West India Colonies of his Danish Majesty, but in the intercourse with those Colonies, it is agreed that whatever can be lawfully imported into or exported from the said Colonies in vessels of one party from or to the ports of the United States, or from or to the ports of any other foreign country, may, in like manner, and with the same duties and charges, applicable to vessel and cargo, be imported into or exported from the said Colonies in vessels of the other party. 342 ARTICLE 7. Taxes.The United States and his Danish Majesty mutually agree, that no higher or other duties, charges, or taxes of any kind, shall be levied in the territories or dominions of either party, upon any personal property, money, or effects, of their respective citizens or subjects, on the removal of the same from their territories or dominions reciprocally, either upon the inheritance of such property, money, or effects, or otherwise, than are or shall be payable in each State, upon the same, when removed by a citizen or subject of such State respectively. ARTICLE 8. Consuls and vice-consuls.To make more effectual the protection which the United States and his Danish Majesty shall afford in future, to the navigation and commerce of their respective citizens and subjects, they agree mutually to receive and admit Consuls and Vice Consuls in all the ports open to foreign commerce, who shall enjoy in them all the rights, privileges, and immunities, of the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the most favoured nation, each contracting party, however, remaining at liberty to except those ports and places in which the admission and residence of such Consuls may not seem convenient. ARTICLE 9. Rights, privileges, &c. of the same.In order that the Consuls and Vice Consuls of the contracting parties may enjoy the rights, privileges, and immunities, which belong to them, by their public character, they shall, before entering on the exercise of their functions, exhibit their commission or patent in due form to the Government to which they are accredited; and having obtained their exequater, which shall be granted gratis, they shall be held and considered as such by all the authorities, magistrates, and inhabitants, in the Consular district in which they reside. ARTICLE 10. Concerning consuls.It is likewise agreed, that the Consuls and persons attached to their necessary service, they not being natives of the country in which the Consul resides, shall be exempt from all public service, and also from all kind of taxes, imposts, and contributions, except those which they shall be obliged to pay, on account of commerce, or their property, to which inhabitants, native and foreign, of the country in which such Consuls reside, are subject, being in every thing besides subject to the Jaws of the respective States. The archives and papers of the Consulate shall be respected inviolably, and, under no pretext whatever, shall any magistrate seize or in any way interfere with them. ARTICLE 11. Convention to be in force for ten years.The present Convention shall be in force for ten years from the date hereof, and further until the end of one year after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years; and it is hereby agreed, between them, that, on the expiration of one year after such notice shall have been received by either, from the^ther party, this convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine. ARTICLE 12. Convention to be approved of by the President, &c.This Convention shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by his Majesty the King of Denmark, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city of Copenhagen, within eight months from the date of the signature hereof, or sooner, if possible. 343 In faith whereof, we, the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, and of his Danish Majesty, have signed and sealed these presents. Done in triplicate, at the City of Washington, on the twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six, in the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States of America. H. CLAY. Pr. PEDERSEN. ADDENDUM. *Mr. Clay to Mr. Pedersen.*Addendum. Department of State, Washington, April 25, 1826. } The undersigned, Secretary of State of the United States, by directionApril 25, 1826. of the President thereof, has the honour to state to Mr. Pedersen, Minister resident of his Majesty the King of Denmark, that it would have been satisfactory to the Government of the United States, if Mr. Pedersen had been charged with instructions in the negotiation which has just terminated, to treat of the indemnities to citizens of the United States, in consequence of the seizure, detention, and condemnation of their property, in the ports of his Danish Majesty. But as he has no instructions to that effect, the undersigned is directed, at and before proceeding to the signature of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation, on which they have agreed, explicitly to declare, that the omission to provide for those indemnities, is not hereafter to be interpreted as a waiver or abandonment of them by the Government of the United States, which, on the contrary, is firmly resolved to persevere in the pursuit of them, until they shall be finally arranged, upon principles of equity and justice. And, to guard against any misconception of the fact of the silence of the Treaty, in the above particular, or of the views of the American Government, the undersigned requests that Mr. Pedersen will transmit this official declaration to the Government of Denmark. And he avails himself of this occasion to tender to Mr. Pedersen assurances of his distinguished consideration. H. CLAY. The Chevalier Pedersen, *Minister Resident from Denmark.* *The Chevalier Peter Pedersen to Mr. Clay.* Washington, 25*th April*, 1826. The undersigned, Minister resident of his Majesty the King of Denmark,April 25, 1826. has the honour, herewith, to acknowledge having received Mr. Clay’s official note of this day, declaratory of the advanced claims against Denmark, not being waived on the part of the United States, by the Convention agreed upon, and about to be signed, which note he, as requested, will transmit to his Government. And he avails himself of this occasion to renew to Mr. Clay assurances of his distinguished consideration. P. PEDERSEN To the Hon. Henry Clay, *Secretary of State of the United States.* Nov. 13, 1826 Convention 8 Stat. 344 CONVENTION Nov. 13, 1826.Ratifications exchanged, Feb. 6, 1827.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., March 19, 1827.*Between the United States of America and Great Britain.* Difficulties having arisen in the execution of the Convention concluded at St. Petersburgh, on the twelfth day of July, 1822, under the mediation of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, between the United States of America and Great Britain, for the purpose of carrying into effect the decision of his Imperial Majesty upon the differences which had arisen between the said United States and Great Britain, on the true construction and meaning of the First Article of the Treaty of Peace and Amity, concluded at Ghent on the twenty-fourth day of December, 1814, the said United States and his Britannick Majesty, being equally desirous to obviate such difficulties, have respectively named Plenipotentiaries to treat and agree respecting the same; that is to say: The President of the United States of America has appointed Albert Gallatin, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Britannick Majesty: And his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable William Huskisson, a member of his said Majesty’s most honourable Privy Council, a member of Parliament, President of the Committee of Privy Council for Affairs of Trade and Foreign Plantations, and Treasurer of his said Majesty’s Navy, and Henry Unwin Addington, Esquire, late his Majesty’s Chargé d’Affaires to the United States of America : Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon, and concluded the following Articles : ARTICLE I. $1,204,960 to be paid by Great Britain to the U. S., to carry into effect the decision of the Emperor of Russia.His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland agrees to pay, and the United States of America agree to receive, for the use of the persons entitled to indemnification and compensation by virtue of the said decision and Convention, the sum of twelve hundred and four thousand nine hundred and sixty dollars, current money of the United States, in lieu of, and in full and complete satisfaction for, all sums claimed or claimable from Great Britain, by any person or persons whatsoever, under the said decision and Convention. ARTICLE II. The convention being fulfilled, annulled, except part of the third article.The object of the said Convention being thus fulfilled, that Convention is hereby declared to be cancelled and annulled, save and except the second article of the same, which has already been carried into execution by the Commissioners appointed under the said Convention; and save and except so much of the Third Article of the same, as relates to the definitive list of claims, and has already likewise been carried into execution by the said Commissioners. ARTICLE III. When and where payable.The said sum of twelve hundred and four thousand nine hundred and sixty dollars shall be paid at Washington to such person or persons as 344 345 shall be duly authorized, on the part of the United States, to receive the same, in two equal payments as follows: The payment of the first half to be made twenty days after official notification shall have been made, by the Government of the United States, to his Britannick Majesty’s Minister in the said United States, of the ratification of the present Convention by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof. And the payment of the second half to be made on the first day of August, 1827. ARTICLE IV. The above sums being taken as a full and final liquidation of allThe sums to be in full of all claims under the convention. claims whatsoever arising under the said decision and Convention, both the final adjustment of those claims, and the distribution of the sums so paid by Great Britain to the United States, shall be made in such manner as the United States alone shall determine; and the Government of Great Britain shall have no further concern or liability therein. ARTICLE V. It is agreed, that, from the date of the exchange of the ratificationsPapers of the commission. of the present Convention, the Joint Commission appointed under the said Convention of St. Petersburgh, of the twelfth of July, 1822, shall be dissolved; and, upon the dissolution thereof, all the documents and papers in possession of the said Commission, relating to claims under that Convention, shall be delivered over to such person or persons as shall be duly authorized, on the part of the United States, to receive the same. And the British Commissioner shall make over to such person or persons, so authorized, all the documents and papers, (or authenticated copies of the same, where the originals cannot conveniently be made over,) relating to claims under the said Convention, which he may have received from his Government for the use of the said Commission, conformably to the stipulations contained in the Third Article of the said Convention. ARTICLE VI. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shallRatification of this convention. be exchanged in London, in six months from this date, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, the Plenipotentiaries aforesaid, by virtue of their respective full powers, have signed the same, and have affixed thereunto the seals of their arms. Done at London, this thirteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six. ALBERT GALLATIN, (l. s.) WILLIAM HUSKISSON, (l. s.) HENRY UNWIN ADDINGTON, (l. s.) July 4, 1827 Treaty 8 Stat. 346 July 4, 1827.Ratifications exchanged, Jan. 18, 1828.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., Jan. 19, 1828.Plenipotentiaries.TREATY WITH SWEDEN AND NORWAY.(*a*)(*a*) See notes of the treaties between the United States and Sweden, ante, page 60. In the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity. The United States of America and His Majesty, the King of Sweden and Norway, equally animated with the desire of extending and consolidating the commercial relations subsisting between their respective Territories, and convinced that this object cannot better be accomplished than by placing them on the basis of a perfect equality and reciprocity, have, in consequence, agreed to enter into negotiation for a New Treaty of Commerce and Navigation ; and, to this effect, have appointed Plenipotentiaries, to wit: The President of the United States of America, John James Appleton, Charge d’Affaires of the said States at the Court of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway; and His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, the Sieur Gustave Count de Wetterstedt, his Minister of State and of Foreign Affairs, Knight Commander of his orders, Knight of the Orders of St. Andrew, St. Alexander Newsky, and St. Ann, of the first class, of Russia; Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle, of the first class, of Prussia; Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold, of Austria; one of the Eighteen of the Swedish Academy; who, after having exchanged their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I. Navigation and commerce.The citizens and subjects of each of the two high contracting parties may, with all security for their persons, vessels, and cargoes, freely enter the ports, places, and rivers, of the territories of the other, wherever foreign commerce is permitted. They shall be at liberty to sojourn and reside in all parts whatsoever of said territories; to rent and occupy houses and warehouses for their commerce; and they shall enjoy, generally, the most entire security and protection in their mercantile transactions, on condition of their submitting to the laws and ordinances of the respective countries. ARTICLE II. Swedish and Norwegian vessels, &c. to be treated as national vessels, &c.Swedish and Norwegian vessels, and those of the Island of St. Bartholomew, arriving either laden or in ballast, into the ports of the United States of America, from whatever place they may come, shall be treated on their entrance, during their stay, and at their departure, upon the same footing as national vessels coming from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage, light houses, pilotage, and port charges, as well as to the perquisites of public officers, and all other duties or charges of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit, of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishment whatsoever. Reciprocal as to American vessels.And, reciprocally the vessels of the United States of America, arriving either laden, or in ballast, in the ports of the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, from whatever place they may come, shall be treated on their entrance, during their stay, and at their departure, upon the same footing as national vessels coming from the same place, with respect to the duties of tonnage, light houses, pilotage, and port charges, as well as to the perquisites of public officers, and all other 346 TRAITÉ À SUÈDE ET NORVÈGE. Au nom de la très Sainte et Indivisible Trinité. Les Etats Unis d’Amérique, et sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, également animés du désir d’étendre et de consolider les relations commerciales qui subsistent entre leurs territoires respectifs, et convaincus que ce but ne sauroit être mieux rempli, qu’en les plaçant sur la base d’une parfaite égalité et réciprocité sont convenus, en conséquence, d’entrer en négotiation pour un nouveau Traité de Commerce et de Navigation, et ont nommé, à cet effet, des Plénipotentiaires, savoir: Le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique, John James Appleton, Chargé d’Affaires desdits Etats à la cour de Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège; et Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, le Sieur Gustave, Comte de Wetterstedt, Son Ministre d’Etat et des Affaires Etrangères, Chevalier Commandeur de ses Ordres, Chevalier des Ordres de Russie, de St. André de St. Alexandre Newsky, et de Ste. Anne de la première classe, Chevalier de l’Ordre de l’Aigle Rouge de Prusse de la première classe, Grand Croix de l’Ordre de Léopold d’Autriche, un des Dix-huit de l’Académie Suédoise, lesquels, après avoir échangé leurs Pleins Pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté les articles suivons. ARTICLE I. Les citoyens et sujets de chacune des deux Hautes Parties Contractantes, pourront avec toute sûreté, pour leurs personnes, vaisseaux et cargaisons, aborder librement dans les ports, places, et rivières, des territoires de l’autre, partout où le commerce étranger est permis. Us pourront s’y arrêter et résider dans quelque partie que ce soit desdits territoires, y louer et occuper des maisons et des magasins pour leur commerce et jouiront, généralement de la plus entière sécurité et protection pour les affaires de leur négoce, à charge de se soumettre aux lois et ordonnances des pays respectifs. ARTICLE II. Les batimens Suédois et Norvégiens et ceux de Pile de St. Barthélemy qui arriveront sur leur lest ou chargés dans les ports des Etats Unis d’Arnerique, de quelque lieu qu’ils viennent, seront traités à leur entrée, pendant leur séjour et à leur sortie, sur le même pied que les batimens nationaux venant du même lieu, par rapport aux droits de tonnage, de fanaux, de pilotage, et de port, ainsi qu’aux vacations des officiers publics, et à tout autre droit ou charge, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom ou au profit du Gouvernement, des administrations locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques. Et réciproquement, les batimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique qui arriwront sur leur lest ou chargés dans les ports des Royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, de quelque lieu qu’ils viennent, seront, traités à leur entrée, pendant leur séjour et il leur sortie, sur le même pied que les batimens nationaux venant du même lieu, par rapport aux droits de tonnage, de fanaux, de pilotage et de port, ainsi qu’aux vacations des officiers publics et à tout autre droit ou charge de quelque espèce ou dé- 347 348 duties or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever. ARTICLE III. Imports.All that may be lawfully imported into the United States of America, in vessels of the said States, may also be thereinto imported in Swedish or Norwegian vessels, and in those of the Island of St. Bartholomew, from whatever place they may come, without paying other or higher duties, or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name/or to the profit, of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if imported in national vessels. And, reciprocally, all that may be lawfully imported into the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, in Swedish and Norwegian vessels, or in those of the Island of St. Bartholomew, may also be thereinto imported in vessels of the United States of America, from whatever place they may come, without paying other or higher duties, or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit, of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if imported in national vessels. ARTICLE IV. Exports.All that may be lawfully exported from the United States of America, in vessels of the said States, may also be exported therefrom in Swedish and Norwegian vessels, or in those of the Island of St. Bartholomew, without paying other or higher duties, or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit, of the Government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if exported in national vessels. And, reciprocally, all that may be lawfully exported from the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, in Swedish and Norwegian vessels, or in those of the Island of St. Bartholomew, may also be exported therefrom in vessels of the United States of America, without paying other or higher duties, or charges, of whatever kind or denomination, levied in the name, or to the profit, of the government, the local authorities, or of any private establishments whatsoever, than if exported in national vessels. ARTICLE V. Above stipulations applicable to American vessels proceeding to St. Bartholomew.The stipulations contained in the three preceding articles, are, to their full extent, applicable to the vessels of the United States of America, proceeding, either laden, or not laden, to the colony of St. Bartholomew, in the West Indies, whether from the ports of the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or from any other place whatsoever; or proceeding from the said colony either laden or not laden, whether bound for Sweden or Norway, or for any other place whatsoever. ARTICLE VI. Not applicable to coastwise navigation.It is expressly understood that the foregoing second, third, and fourth articles, are not applicable to the coastwise navigation from one port of the United States of America, to another port of the said States; nor to the navigation from one port of the kingdoms of Sweden or of Norway to another, nor to that between the two latter countries; which navigation each of the two high contracting parties reserves to itself. ARTICLE VII. Each of the two high contracting parties engages not to grant, in its purchases, or in those which might be made by companies or agents, 349 nomination que ce soit, perçus au nom, ou au profit, du Gouvernement, des administrations locales, ou d’éstablissemens particuliers quelconques. ARTICLE III. Tout ce qui pourra légalement être importé dans les Etats Unis d’Amérique, par bâti mens desdits Etats, pourra également y être importé par batimens Suédois et Norvégiens, ou de Pile de St. Barthélemy, de quelque lieu qu’ils viennent, sans payer d’autres ou plus hauts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom, ou au profit du Gouvernement, des administrations locales, ou d’establissemens particuliers quelconques, que si l’importation avoit lieu en batimens nationaux. Et réciproquement, tout ce qui pourra légalement être importé dans les Royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, par batimens Suédois ou Norvégiens, ou de File de St. Barthélemy, pourra également y être importé par batimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique, de quelque lieu qu’ils viennent, sans payer d’autres ou plus hauts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, perçus au nom, ou au profit du Gouvernement, des administrations locales, ou d’establissemens particuliers quelconques, que si l’importation avoit lieu en bàtimens nationaux. ARTICLE IV. Tout ce qui pourra légalement être exporté des Etats Unis d’Amérique, par batimens desdits Etats, pourra également en être exporté par batimens Suédois et Norvégiens, ou de l’île de St. Barthélemy, sans payer d’autres ou plus hauts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit perçus au nom, ou au profit, du Gouvernement, des administrations locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques, que si l’exportation avoit eu lieu en batimens nationaux. Et réciproquement, tout ce qui pourra légalement être exporté des Royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, par batimens Suédois et Norvégiens, ou de l’île de St. Barthélemy, pourra également en être exporté par batimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique, sans payer d’autres ou plus hauts droits ou charges, de quelque espèce ou denomination que ce soit, perçus au nom, ou au profit, du Gouvernement, des administration locales, ou d’établissemens particuliers quelconques, que si l’exportation avait lieu en batimens nationaux. ARTICLE V. Les stipulations des trois articles précédens sont dans toute leur plénitude, applicables aux batimens des Etats Unis d’Amérique qui se rendront chargés ou non chargés, dans la colonie de St. Barthélemy, aux Indes Occidentales, soit des ports des Royaumes de Suède et de Norvège soit de tout autre lieu quelconque, ou qui sortiront de la dite colonie, chargés ou non chargés, pour se rendre, soit en Suède ou en Norvège, soit en tout autre lieu quelconque. ARTICLE VI. Il est expressément entendu que les articles précédens, deux, trois, et quatre, ne sont point applicables à la navigation de côte ou de cabotage d’un port des Etats Unis d’Amérique, à un autre port desdits Etats, ni à la navigation d’un port des royaumes de Suède ou de Norvège à un autre, ou à celle entre ces deux derniers pays, navigation que chacune des deux Hautes Parties Contractantes se réserve. ARTICLE VII. Chacune des deux Hautes Parties Contractantes s’engage à ne donner dans ses achats, ou dans ceux qui seroient faits par des compagnies ou 350 No preference to be granted in regard to importations.acting in its name, or under its authority, any preference to importations made in its own vessels, or in those of a third Power, over those made in the vessels of the other contracting party. ARTICLE VIII. No tonnage duties to be imposed, except, &c.The two high contracting parties engage not to impose upon the navigation between their respective territories, in the vessels of either, any tonnage or other duties of any kind or denomination, which shall be higher, or other than those which shall be imposed on every other navigation, except that which they have reserved to themselves, respectively, by the sixth article of the present treaty. ARTICLE IX. No restriction to be imposed, by either party, upon importations of the products of the soil.There shall not be established, in the United States of America, upon the products of the soil or industry of the kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or of the island of St. Bartholomews, any prohibition or restriction of importation or exportation, nor any duties of any kind or denomination whatsoever, unless such prohibitions, restrictions, and duties, shall, likewise, be established upon articles of like nature, the growth of any other country. And, reciprocally, there shall not be established in the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, nor in the Island of St. Bartholomews, on the products of the soil or industry of the United States of America, any prohibition or restriction of importation or exportation, nor any duties of any kind or denomination whatsoever, unless such prohibitions, restrictions, and duties, be likewise established upon articles of like nature, the growth of the Island of St. Bartholomew, or of any other place, in case such importation be made into, or from, the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway; or of the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway or of any other place, in case such importation or exportation be made into, or from, the Island of St. Bartholomew. ARTICLE X. All privileges of transit, drawback, &c. to be mutual.All privileges of transit, and all bounties and drawbacks which may be allowed within the territories of one of the high contracting parties, upon the importation or exportation of any article whatsoever, shall, likewise, be allowed on the articles of like nature, the products of the soil or industry of the other contracting party, and on the importations and exportations made in its vessels. ARTICLE XI. Vessels entering a port, and not wishing to unload, may depart without paying any duties, other than, &c.The citizens or subjects of one of the high contracting parties, arriving with their vessels on the coasts belonging to the other, but not wishing to enter the port, or after having entered therein, not wishing to unload any part of their cargo, shall be at liberty to depart and continue their voyage, without paying any other duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, for the vessel and cargo, than those of pilotage, wharfage, and for the support of light-houses, when such duties shall be levied on national vessels in similar cases. It is understood, however, that they shall always conform to such regulations and ordinances concerning navigation, and the places and ports which they may enter, as are, or shall be, in force with regard to national vessels; and that the customhouse officers shall be permitted to visit them, to remain on board, and to take all such precautions as may be necessary to prevent all unlawful commerce, as long as the vessels shall remain within the limits of their jurisdiction. ARTICLE XII. It is further agreed, that the vessels of one of the high contracting parties, having entered into the ports of the other, will be permitted to 351 des agens agissant en son nom ou sous son autorité aucune préférence aux importations faites par ses bâtimens ou par ceux d’une nation tierce, sur celles faites dans les bâtimens de l’autre Partie Contractante. ARTICLE VIII. Les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes s’engagent à ne pas établir sur la navigation entre leurs territoires respectifs, par les bâtimens de l’une ou de l’autre, des droits de tonnage ou autres, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, plus hauts ou autres que ceux qui seront établis sur toute autre navigation, excepté celle qu’elles se sont respectivement réservée par Je sixième article du présent traité. ARTICLE IX. Il ne pourra pas être établi dans les Etats Unis d’Amérique, sur les productions du sol ou de l’industrie des royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, et de l’île de St. Barthélemy, aucune prohibition ou restriction d’importation ou d’exportation, ni aucuns droits, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, qu’autant que ces prohibitions, ces restrictions et ces droits seroient également établis sur les objets de même nature provenant de toute autre contrée. Et réciproquement, il ne pourra pas être établi dans les royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, ni dans l’île de St. Barthélemy, sur les productions du sol ou de l’industrie des Etats Unis d’Amérique, aucune prohibition ou restriction d’importation ou d’exportation, ni aucuns droits, de quelque espèce ou dénomination que ce soit, qu’autant que ces prohibitions, ces restrictions et ces droits, seroient également établis sur les objets de même nature provenant, dans le cas où l’importation ou l’exportation auroit lieu dans ou hors des royaumes de Suède et de Norvège, de l’île de St. Barthélemy ou de tout autre endroit; et dans le cas où l’importation ou l’exportation aurait lieu dans ou hors l’île de St. Barthélemy, des royaumes de Suède et de Norvège ou de tout autre endroit, ARTICLE X. Toute faculté d’entrepôt et toutes primes et remboursemens de droits, qui seroient accordés dans les territoires d’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, à l’importation ou à l’exportation de quelque objet que ce soit, seront également accordés aux objets de même nature produits du sol ou de l’industrie de l’autre Partie Contractante, et aux importations et exportations faites dans ses bâtimens. ARTICLE XI. Les citoyens ou sujets de l’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, arrivant avec leurs bâtimens à l’une des côtes appartenant à l’autre, mais ne voulant pas entrer dans le port, ou, après y être entrés, ne vtjplant décharger aucune partie de leur cargaison, auront la liberté de partir et de poursuivre leur voyage, sans payer d’autres droits, impôts on charges quelconques, pour le bâtiment ou la cargaison, que les droits de pilotage, de quayage, et d’entretien de fanaux, quand ces droits sont perçus sur les nationaux dans les mômes cas. Bien entendu, cependant qu’ils sa conformeront toujours aux réglemens et ordonnances concernant la navigation et les places ou ports dans lesquels ils pourront aborder, qui sont, ou seront en vigueur pour les nationaux, et qu’il sera permis aux officiers des douanes de les visiter, de rester il bord, et de prendre telles précautions, qui pourroient être nécessaires pour prévenir tout commerce illicite, pendant que les bâtimens resteront dans l’enceinte de leur jurisdiction. ARTICLE XII. Il est aussi convenu que les bâtimens de l’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, étant entrés dans les ports de l’autre, pourront se borner 352 Vessels unloading a part of their cargoes, to pay no duties on the remainder.confine themselves to unloading such part only of their cargoes, as the Captain or owner may wish, and that they may freely depart with the remainder, without paying any duties, imposts, or charges, whatsoever, except for that part which shall have been landed, and which shall be marked upon, and erased from, the manifest exhibiting the enumeration of the articles with which the vessel was laden; which manifest shall be presented entire at the Custom House of the place where the vessel shall have entered. Nothing shall be paid on that part of the cargo which the vessel shall carry away, and with which it may continue its voyage, to one, or several other ports of the same country, there to dispose of the remainder of its cargo, if composed of articles whose importation is permitted, on paying the duties chargeable upon it; or it may proceed to any other country. It is understood, however, that all duties, imposts, or charges whatsoever, which are, or may become chargeable upon the vessels themselves, must be paid at the first port where they shall break bulk, or unlade part of their cargoes; but that no duties, imposts, or charges, of the same description, shall be demanded anew in the ports of the same country, which such vessels might, afterwards, wish to enter, unless national vessels be, in similar cases, subject to some ulterior duties. ARTICLE XIII. Consuls, &c. to be admitted into the ports of’ the contracting parties.Each of the high contracting parties grants to the other, the privilege of appointing, in its commercial ports and places, Consuls, Vice Consuls, and Commercial agents, who shall enjoy the full protection, and receive every assistance necessary for the due exercise of their functions; but it is expressly declared, that, in case of illegal or improper conduct, with respect to the laws or Government of the country in which said Consuls, Vice consuls, or Commercial Agents shall reside, they may be prosecuted and punished conformably to the laws, and deprived of the exercise of their functions by the offended Government, which shall acquaint the other with its motives for having thus acted; it being understood however, that the archives and documents relative to the affairs of the consulate shall be exempt from all search, and shall be carefully preserved under the seals of the Consuls, Vice Consuls, or Commercial Agents, and of the authority of the place where they may reside. Consuls, &c. to act as arbitrators in certain cases.The consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, or the persons duly authorized to supply their places, shall have the right, as such, to sit as judges and arbitrators in such differences as may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crews, or of the captain, should disturb the order or tranquillity of the country; or the said consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents should require their assistance to cause their decisions to be carried into effect or supported. It is, however, understood, that this species of judgment, or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return, to the judicial authority of their country. ARTICLE XIV. Consuls, &c. authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities.The said consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, are authorized to require the assistance of the local authorities for the arrest, detention, and imprisonment, of the deserters from the ships of war and merchant vessels of their country; and, for this purpose, they shall apply to the competent tribunals, judges, and officers, and shall, in writing, demand said deserters, proving, by the exhibition of the registers of the vessels, the rolls of the crews, or by other official documents, that such indi- 353 à ne décharger qu’une partie de leur cargaison, selon que le capitaine ou propriétaire le désirera, et qu’ils pourront s’en aller librement avec le reste, sans payer de droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, que pour la partie qui aura été mise à terre, et qui sera marquée et biffée sur le manifeste, qui contiendra l’énumération des effets dont le bâtiment était chargé, lequel manifeste devra être présenté en entier à la douane du lieu où le bâtiment aura bordé. Il ne sera rien payé pour la partie de la cargaison que le bâtiment remportera, et avec la quelle il pourra continuer sa route pour un ou plusieurs autres ports du même pays, et y disposer du reste de sa cargaison, si elle est composée d’objets dont l’importation est permise, en payant les droits qui y sont applicables, ou bien il pourra s’en aller dans tout autre pays. Il est cependant entendu que les droits, impôts ou charges quelconques, qui sont ou seront payables pour les bàtimens mêmes, doivent être acquittés au premier port ou ils romproient le chargement, ou en déchargeaient une partie, mais qu’aucuns droits, impôts ou charges pareils ne seront demandés de nouveau dans les ports du même pays où lesdits bàtimens pourroient vouloir entrer après, à moins que les nationaux ne soient sujets à quelques droits ultérieurs dans le même cas, ARTICLE XIII. Chacune des Hautes Parties Contractantes accorde à l’autre la faculté d’entretenir dans ses ports et places de commerce, des Consuls, Vice Consuls, ou Agens de Commerce, qui jouiront de toute la protection, et recevront toute l’assistance nécessaire pour remplir duement leurs fonctions; mais il est expressément déclaré que dans le cas d’une conduite illégale ou impropre envers les lois ou le gouvernement du pays dans lequels lesdits Consuls, Vice Consuls, ou Agens Commerciaux, résideroient ils pourront être poursuivis et punis conformément aux lois et privés de l’exercice de leurs fonctions par le Gouvernement offensé qui fera connoître à l’autre ses motifs pour avoir agi ainsi, bien entendu cependant que les archives et documens relatifs aux affaires du Consulat seront à l’abri de toute recherche, et devront être soigneusement conservés sous le scellé des Consuls, Vice Consuls, ou Agens Commerciaux, et de l’autorité de l’endroit où ils résideroient. Les Consuls, Vice Consuls, et Agens Commerciaux, ou ceux qui seroient duement autorisés à les suppléer auront Je droit, comme tels, de servir de juges et d’arbitres dans les differéns qui pourroient s’élever entre les capitaines et les équipages des bàtimens de la nation dont ils soignent les intérêts, sans que les autorités locales puissent y entervenir, à moins que la conduite des équipages ou du capitaine ne troublât l’ordre ou la tranquillité du pays, ou que lesdits Consuls, Vice Consuls, ou Agens Commerciaux ne réquissent leur intervention pour faire éxécuter ou maintenir leurs décisions. Bien entendu que cette espèce de jugement ou d’arbitrage ne sauroit pourtant priver les parties contentantes du droit qu’elles ont, à leur retour de recourir aux autorités judiciares de leur patrie. ARTICLE XIV. Les dits Consuls, Vice Consuls, ou Agens, Commerciaux, seront autorisés à requérir l’assistance des autorités locales pour l’arrestation, la détention, et l’emprisonnement de déserteurs des navires de guerre et marchands de leur pays, et ils s’adresseront, pour cet objet, aux tribunaux, juges et officiers compétens, et réclameront, par écrit, les déserteurs sus mentionnés, en prouvant, par la communication des registres des navires, ou rôles de l’équipage, ou par d’autres documens 354 victuals formed part of the crews, and on this reclamation being thus substantiated, the surrender shall not be refused. Deserters to be placed at the disposition of the consuls, &c.Such deserters, when arrested, shall be placed at the disposal of the said consuls, vice consuls, or commercial agents, and may be confined in the public prisons, at the request and cost of those who claim them, in order to be sent to the vessels to which they belonged, or to others of the same country. But, if not sent back within the space of two months, reckoning from the day of their arrest, they shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. In case of crime on the part of the deserter.It is understood, however, that, if the deserter should be found to have committed any crime or offence, his surrender may be delayed until the tribunal before which the case shall be depending, shall have pronounced its sentence, and such sentence shall have been carried into effect. ARTICLE XV. In case of shipwreck, &c.In case any vessel of one of the high contracting parties shall have been stranded or shipwrecked, or shall have suffered any other damage on the coasts of the dominions of the other, every aid and assistance shall be given to the persons shipwrecked or in danger, and passports shall be granted to them to return to their country. The shipwrecked vessels and merchandize, or their proceeds, if the same shall have been sold, shall be restored to their owners, or to those entitled thereto, if claimed within a year and a day, upon paying such costs of salvage as would be paid by national vessels in the same circumstances; and the salvage companies shall not compel the acceptance of their services, except in the same cases, and after the same delays, as shall be granted to the captains and crews of national vessels. Moreover, the respective governments will take care that these companies do not commit any vexatious or arbitrary acts. ARTICLE XVI. Quarantine.It is agreed that vessels arriving directly from the United States of America, at a port within the dominions of His majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, or from the territories of his said Majesty in Europe, at a port of the United States, and provided with a bill of health granted by an officer having competent power to that effect, at the port whence such vessels shall have sailed, setting forth that no malignant or contagious diseases prevaded in that port, shall be subjected to no other quarantine than such as may be necessary for the visit of the healthofficer of the port where such vessel shall have arrived; after which said vessels shall be allowed immediately to enter and unload their cargoes, provided always, that there shall be on board no person who, during the voyage, shall have been attacked with any malignant or contagious diseases ; that such vessels shall not, during their passage, have communicated with any vessel liable, itself, to undergo a quarantine; and that the country whence they came shall not, at that time, be so far infected or suspected, that, before their arrival, an ordinance had been issued, in consequence of which all vessels coming from that country should be considered as suspected, and consequently subject to quarantine. ARTICLE XVII. Certain articles of the treaty of April 3, 1783, revived.The second, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third, and twenty-fifth articles of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce concluded at Paris on the third of April, one thousand seven hundred eighty-three, by the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America, and of His Majesty the King of Sweden, together with the first, second, fourth, and fifth separate articles, signed on the same day by the same Plenipotentiaries, are revived, 355 officiels, que de tels individus ont fait partie desdits équipages, et cette réclamation ainsi prouvée l’extradition ne sera pas refusée. De tels déserteurs, lorsqu’ils auront été arrêtés, seront mis à la disposition desdits consuls, vice consuls, ou agens commerciaux, et pourront être enfermés dans les prisons publiques, à la réquisition et aux frais de ceux qui les reclament, pour être envoyés aux navires aux quels ils appartenoient, ou à d’autres de la même nation. Mais s’ils ne sont pas renvoyés dans l’espace de deux mois, à compter du jour de leur arrestation, iis seront mis en liberté, et ne seront plus arrêtés pour la même cause. Il est entendu, toutefois, que si le déserteur se trouvoit avoir commis quelque crime ou délit, il pourra être sursis à son extradition, jusqu’à ce que le tribunal nanti de l’affaire, aura rendu sa sentence, et que celle-ci ait reçu son exécution. ARTICLE XV. Dans le cas où quelque bâtiment de l’une des Hautes Parties Contractantes, aura échoué, fait naufrage, ou souffert quelqu’ autre dommage sur les côtes de la domination de l’autre, il sera donné tout aide et assistance aux personnes, naufragées, ou qui se trouveroient en danger, et il leur sera accordé des passeports pour retourner dans leur patrie. Les bâtimens et les marchandises naufragés, ou leur produit, s’ils ont été vendus, seront restitués à leurs propriétaires ou ayant cause, s’ils sont réclamés dans l’an et jour, en payant les frais de sauvetage que payeroient les nationaux dans les mêmes cas. Et les compagnies de sauvetage ne pourront faire accepter leurs services que dans les mûmes cas, et après les mêmes délais qui seroient accordés aux capitaine et aux équipages nationaux. Les Gouvernemens respectifs veilleront d’ailleurs à ce que ces compagnies ne se permettent point de vexations ou d’actes arbitraires. ARTICLE XVI. Il est convenu que les bâtimens qui arriveront directement des Etats Unis d’Amérique, à un port de la domination de Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, ou des territoires de sa dite Majesté en Europe, à un port des Etats Unis, et qui seroient pourvus d’un certificat de santé, donné par l’officier compétent à cet égard du port d’où les bàti- mens sont sortis, et assurant qu’aucune maladie maligne ou contagieuse n’existoit dans ce port, ne seront soumis à aucune autre quarantaine que celle qui sera nécessaire pour la visite de l’officier de santé du port où les bâtimens seroient arrivés, après laquella il sera permis a ces bâtimens d’entrer immédiatement, et de décharger leurs cargaisons, bien entendu, toutefois, qu’il n’y ait eu personne à leur bord qui ait été attaqué pendant le voyage d’une maladie, maligne ou contagieuse, que les bâtimens n’aient point communiqué dans leur traversée avec un bâtiment qui seroit lui-même dans le cas de subir une quarantaine, et que la contrée d’où ils viendroient ne fut pas, à cette époque si généralement infectée ou suspecte, qu’on ait rendu, avant leur arrivée, une ordannance, d’après laquelle tous les bâtimens venant de cette contrée seroient regardés comme suspects, et en conséquence, assujetis à une quarantaine. ARTICLE XVII. Les articles deux, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quartorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt-un, vingt-deux, vingt-trois, et vingt-cinq, du Traité d’Amitié et deî Commerce conclu à Paris le trois Avril, mil sept cent quatre-vingt-trois, par les Plénipotentiaires des Etats Unis d’Amérique, et de Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède, ainsi que les articles séparés un, deux, quatre et cinq qui furent signés le même jour par les mêmes Plénipotentiaires, sont remis en vigueur et rendus applicables à tous les pays sous la domination des 356 and made applicable to all the countries under the dominion of the present high contracting parties, and shall have the same force and value as if they were inserted in the context of the present treaty; it being understood that the stipulations contained in the articles above cited, shall always be considered as in no manner affecting the conventions concluded by either party with other nations, during the interval between the expiration of the said treaty of one thousand seven hundred eighty-three, and the revival of said articles by the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, concluded at Stockholm by the present high contracting parties, on the fourth of September, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen. ARTICLE XVIII. In case of a vessel attempting to enter a blockaded port, &c.Considering the remoteness of the respective countries of the two high contracting parties, and the uncertainty resulting therefrom with respect to the various events which may take place, it is agreed that a merchant vessel belonging to either of them, which may be bound to a port supposed, at the time of its departure, to be blockaded, shall not, however, be captured or condemned for having attempted, a first time, to enter said port, unless it can be proved that said vessel could, and ought to have learned, during its voyage, that the blockade of the place in question still continued. But all vessels which, after having been warned off once, shall, during the same voyage, attempt a second time to enter the same blockaded port, during the continuance of said blockade, shall then subject themselves to be detained and condemned. ARTICLE XIX. The present treaty shall continue in force for ten years.The present treaty shall continue in force for ten years, counting from the day of the exchange of the ratifications; and if before the expiration of the first nine years, neither of the high contracting parties shall have announced, by an official notification, to the other, its intention to arrest the operation of said treaty, it shall remain binding for one year beyond that time, and so on, until the expiration of the twelve months which will follow a similar notification, whatever the time at which it may take place. ARTICLE XX. To be ratified within nine months.The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and by His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within the space of nine months from the signature, or sooner, if possible. In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the present treaty, by duplicates, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Done at Stockholm, the fourth of July, in the year of Grace, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven. J. J. APPLETON, (l. s.) G. COUNT DE WETTERSTEDT, (l. s.) SEPARATE ARTICLE.July 4, 1827.Separate article. Certain relations of proximity and ancient connections having led to regulations for the importation of the products of the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway into the Grand Duchy of Finland, and that of the products of Finland into Sweden and Norway, in vessels of the respective countries, by special stipulations of a treaty still in force, and whose 357 Hautes Parties, actuellement Contractantes, et auront la même force et valeur que s’ils étaient insérés textuellement dans le présent Traité. Bien entendu que les stipulations contenues dans les articles précités seront toujours, censées ne rien changer aux conventions conclues de part et d’autre, avec d’autres nations dans l’intervalle écoulé entre l’expiration dudit Traité de mil sept-cent quatre-vingt-trois, et la remise, en vigueur, des dits articles par le Traité de Commerce et de Navigation, conclu par les Hautes Parties actuellement Contractantes, à Stockholm, le quatre Septembre, mil-huit-cent seize. ARTICLE XVIII. Vû l’éloignement des pays respectifs des deux Hautes Parties Contractantes, et l’incertitude qui en résulte sur les divers événemens qui peuvent avoir lieu, il est convenu qu’un bâtiment marchand appartenant à l’une d’elles, qui se trouveroit destiné pour un port supposé bloqué au moment du départ de ce batiment, ne sera cependant pas capturé ou condamné pour avoir essayé une première fois d’entrer dans ledit port, à moins qu’il ne puisse être prouvé que ledit bâtiment avoit pû et dû apprendre en route que l’état de blocus de la place en question duroit encore: mais les bâtimens qui après avoir été renvoyés une fois, essaye- roient pendant le même voyage d’entrer une seconde fois dans le même port bloqué, durant la continuation de ce blocus, se trouveront alors sujets à être détenus et condamnés. ARTICLE XIX. Le present traité sera en vigueur pendant dix années, à partir du jour de l’échange des ratifications, et, si avant l’expiration des neuf premières années, l’une ou l’autre des Hautes Parties Contractantes n’avoit pas annoncé à l’autre, par une notification officielle, son intention d’en faire cesser l’effet, ce traité restera obligatoire une année au delà et ainsi de suite jusqu’ à l’expiration des douze mois qui suivront une semblable notification, à quelque époque quelle ait lieu. ARTICLE XX. Le présent traité sera ratifié par le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique, par et avec l’avis et le consentement du Sénat, et par Sa Majesté le Roi de Suède et de Norvège, et les ratifications en seront échangées à Washington, dans l’espace de neuf mois après la signature, ou plutôt, si faire se peut. En foi de quoi les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé le présent traité en duplicata, et y ont apposé le cachet de leurs armes. Fait à Stockholm, le quatre Juillet, l’an de Grace mil huit cent vingt-sept. J. J. APPLETON, (l. s.) G. COMTE DE WETTERSTEDT, (l. s.) ARTICLE SEPARE. Des rapports de proximité et d’anciennes relations ayant fait régler l’importation des productions des Royaumes des Suède et de Norvège dans le Grand Duché de Finlande, et celle des productions de la Finlande en Suède et en Norvège sur les bâtimens des pays respectifs, par des stipulations spéciales d’un traité encore en vigueur, et dont le renouvellement forme un objet de négociation actuelle, entre les cours de 358 renewal forms, at this time, the subject of a negotiation between the Courts of Sweden and Norway and Russia, said stipulations being, in no manner, connected with the existing regulations for foreign commerce in general, the two high contracting parties, anxious to remove from their commercial relations all kinds of ambiguity or motives of discussion, have agreed that the eighth, ninth, and tenth articles of the present treaty shall not be applicable either to the navigation and commerce above mentioned, nor, consequently, to the exceptions in the general taritf of custom house duties, and in the regulations of navigation resulting therefrom, nor to the special advantages which are, or may be granted to the importation of tallow and candles from Russia, founded upon equivalent advantages granted by Russia on certain articles of importation from Sweden and Norway. The present Separate Article shall have the same force and value as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time. In faith whereof, we, the undersigned, by virtue of our respective full powers, have signed the present Separate Article, and affixed thereto the seals of our arms. Done at Stockholm, the fourth of July, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven. J. J. APPLETON, (l. s.) G. COUNT DE WETTERSTEDT, (l. s.) 359 Suède et de Norvège et de Russie, sans que lesdites stipulations soient liées aux réglemens existants pour le commerce étranger en général, les deux Hautes Parties Contractantes voulant écarter de leurs relations commerciales toute espèce d’équivoque ou de motif de discussion, sont tombées d’accord que les articles huit, neuf et dix du présent traité, ne seront point applicables ni à la navigation et au commerce susmentionnés, et par conséquent aux exceptions dans les tarifs généraux des douanes, et dans les réglemens de navigation qui en résultent, ni aux avantages spéciaux qui sont ou pourroient être donnés à l’importation du suif et des chandelles de Russie, motivés par des avantages équivalons accordés en Russie à des articles d’importation de Suède et de Norvège. Le présent Article Séparé aura le même force et valeur que s’il etoit insère mot à mot dans le traité signé aujourd’hui, et sera ratifié en même tems. En foi de quoi, nous soussignés, en vertu de nos pleins pouvoirs respectifs, avons signé le présent Article Séparé, et y avons apposé le cachet de nos armes. Fait à Stockholm, le quatre Juillet, mil huit cent vingt sept. J. J. APPLETON, (l. s.) G. COMTE DE WETTERSTEDT, (l. s.) Aug. 6, 1827 Convention 8 Stat. 360 Aug. 6, 1827.Ratifications exchanged, April 2, 1828.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., May 15, 1828.Object of the treaty.CONVENTION WITH GREAT BRITAIN. The United States of America, and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, being equally desirous to prevent, as far as possible, all hazard of misunderstanding between the two nations, with respect to the Territory on the North-West Coast of America, West of the Stoney or Rocky Mountains, after the expiration of the Third Article of the Convention concluded between them Ante, p. 249.on the 20th of October, 1818, and, also, with a view to give further time for maturing measures which shall have for their object a more definite settlement of the claims of each party to the said Territory, have respectively named their Plenipotentiaries to treat and agree concerning a temporary renewal of the said Article, that is to say: Negotiators.The President of the United States of America, Albert Gallatin, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Britannick Majesty. And His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable Charles Grant, a member of His said Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, a member of Parliament, and Vice President of the Committee of Privy Council for Affairs of Trade and Foreign Plantations; and Henry Unwin Addington, Esquire, Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles : Art. 1. Third article of convention of 20th Oct. 1818, (ante, p. 249,) indefinitely extended.All the provisions of the third article of the Convention concluded between the United States of America, and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 20th of October, 1818, shall be, and they are, hereby, further indefinitely extended and continued in force, in the same manner as if all the provisions of the said Article were herein specifically recited. Art. 2. Convention may be annulled.It shall be competent, however, to either of the contracting parties, in case either should think fit, at any time after the 20th of October, 1828, on giving due notice of twelve months to the other contracting party, to annul and abrogate this Convention; and it shall, in such case, be accordingly entirely annulled and abrogated, after the expiration of the said term of notice. Art. 3. Certain claims not to be affected by this treaty. Nothing contained in this Convention, or in the Third Article of the Convention of the 20th of October, 1818, hereby continued in force, shall be construed to impair, or in any manner affect, the claims 360 361 which either of the contracting parties may have to any part of the country westward of the Stoney or Rocky Mountains. Art. 4. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratificationsRatifications to be exchanged in nine months. shall be exchanged in nine months, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Done at London, the sixth day of August in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven. ALBERT GALLATIN, (l. s.) CHARLES GRANT, (l. s.) HENRY UNWIN ADDINGTON, (l. s.) Aug. 6, 1827 Convention 8 Stat. 361 RENEWAL OF COMMERCIAL CONVENTION WITH GREAT BRITAIN.Aug. 6, 1827.Ratifications exchanged, April 2, 1828.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., May 15, 1828.Object of the convention. The United States of America, and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, being desirous of continuing in force the existing commercial regulations between the two countries, which are contained in the Convention concluded between them on the 3d of July, 1815, and further renewed by the FourthAnte, p. 228. Article of the Convention of the 20th October, 1819, have, for thatAnte, p. 249. purpose, named their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: The President of the United States of America, Albert Gallatin,On the part of the U. S. their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to His Britannick Majesty, And His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great BritainOn the part of His Majesty. and Ireland, the Right Honourable Charles Grant, a member of His said Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, a member of Parliament, and Vice President of the Committee of Privy Council for Affairs of Trade and Foreign Plantations; and Henry Unwin Addington, Esquire, Who, after having communicated to each other their respective fullArticles agreed on. powers, found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles: Art. 1. All the provisions of the Convention concluded between theFirst. United States of America, and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the 3d of July, 1815, and further continued for the term of ten years by the Fourth Article of the Convention of the 20th of October, 1818—with the exception therein contained, as to St. Helena, are hereby further indefinitely, and without the said exception, extended and continued in force, from the date of the expiration of the said ten years, in the same manner as if all the 362 provisions of the said Convention of the 3d of July, 1815, were herein specifically recited. Art. 2. Second. It shall be competent, however, to either of the contracting parties, in case either should think fit, at any time after the expiration of the said ten years; that is, after the 20th of October, 1828, on giving due notice of twelve months to the other contracting party, to annul and abrogate this Convention, and it shall, in such case, be accordingly entirely annulled and abrogated, after the expiration of the said term of notice. Art. 3. Third. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in nine months, or sooner if possible. In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms. Done at London, the sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven. ALBERT GALLATIN, (l. s.) CHARLES GRANT, (l. s.) HENRY UNWIN ADDINGTON, (l. s.) Sept. 29, 1827 Convention 8 Stat. 362 CONVENTION Sept. 29, 1827.Ratifications exchanged, April 2, 1828.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., May 15, 1828.Ante, p. 220.Commissioners appointed as provided by the treaty of Ghent.*Between the United States of America and Great Britain.* Whereas it is provided by the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent, that, in case the Commissioners appointed under that article, for the settlement of the boundary line therein described, should not be able to agree upon such boundary line, the report or reports of those Commissioners, stating the points on which they had differed, should be submitted to some friendly Sovereign or State, and that the decision given by such Sovereign or State, on such points of difference, should be considered by the contracting Parties as final and conclusive: that case having now arisen, and it having, therefore, become expedient to proceed to and regulate the reference, as above described, the United States of America and His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, have, for that purpose, named their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say; the President of the United States has appointed Albert Gallatin, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of His Britannick Majesty ; and his said Majesty, on his part, has appointed the Right Honorable Charles Grant, a member of Parliament, a member of His said Majesty’s most Honorable Privy Council, and President of the Committee of the Privy Council for affairs of trade and foreign plantations, and Henry Unwin Addington, Esq. who, after having exchanged their respective full powers, 363 found to be in due and proper form, have agreed to, and concluded the following articles. Art. 1. It is agreed, that the points of difference which have arisenReference of differences to a friendly power. in the settlement of the boundary between the American and British dominions, as described in the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent, shall be referred, as therein provided, to some friendly Sovereign or State, who shall be invited to investigate, and make a decision upon, such points of difference. The two contracting Powers engage to proceed in concert, to the choice of such friendly Sovereign or State, as soon as the ratifications of this Convention shall have been exchanged, and to use their best endeavours to obtain a decision, if practicable, within two years after the Arbiter shall have signified his consent to act as such. Art. 2. The reports and documents, thereunto annexed, of the CommissionersStatements of the respective cases to be drawn up. appointed to carry into execution the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent, being so voluminous and complicated, as to render it improbable that any Sovereign or State should be willing or able to undertake the office of investigating and arbitrating upon them, it is hereby agreed to substitute for those reports, new and separate statements of the respective cases, severally drawn up by each of the contracting Parties, in such form and terms as each may think fit. The said statements, when prepared, shall be mutually communicated to each other by the contracting Parties, that is to say: by the United States to His Britannick Majesty’s Minister or Charge d’Affaires at Washington, and by Great Britain to the Minister or Charge d’Affaires of the United States at London, within fifteen months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Convention. After such communication shall have taken place, each Party shall have the power of drawing up a second and definitive statement, if it thinks fit so to do, in reply to the statement of the other Party, so communicated ; which definitive statements shall also be mutually communicated, in the same manner as aforesaid, to each other, by the contracting Parties, within twenty-one months after the exchange of the ratifications of the present Convention. Art. 3. Each of the contracting Parties shall, within nine monthsEach of the contracting parties shall communicate to the other, the evidence intended to be offered. after the exchange of ratifications of this Convention, communicate to the other, in the same manner as aforesaid, all the evidence intended to be brought in support of its claim, beyond that which is contained in the reports of the Commissioners, or papers thereunto annexed, and other written documents laid before the Commission, under the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent. Each of the contracting Parties shall be bound, on the application of the other Party, made within six months after the exchange of the ratifications, of this Convention, to give authentick copies of such individually specified acts of a puhlick nature, relating to the territory in question, intended to be laid as evidence before the Arbiter, as have been issued under the authority, or are in the exclusive possession, of each Party. No maps, surveys, or topographical evidence of any description, shall be adduced by either Party, beyond that which is hereinafter stipulated, nor shall any fresh evidence of any description, be adduced or adverted to, by either Party, other than that mutually communicated or applied for, as aforesaid. Each Party shall have full power to incorporate in, or annex to, either its first or second statement, any portion of the reports of the Commissioners, or papers thereunto annexed, and other written documents laid 364 before the Commission under the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent, or of the other evidence mutually communicated or applied for as above provided, which it may think fit. Art. 4. Maps to be annexed to the statements. The map called Mitchell’s map, by which the framers of the Treaty of 1783 are acknowledged to have regulated their joint and official proceedings, and the map A, which has been agreed on by the contracting Parties, as a delineation of the water courses, and of the boundary lines in reference to the said water courses, as contended for by each Party respectively, and which has accordingly been signed by the above named Plenipotentiaries, at the same time with this Convention, shall be, annexed to the statements of the contracting Parties, and be the only maps that shall be considered as evidence, mutually acknowledged by the contracting Parties, of the topography of the country. It shall, however, be lawful for either Party, to annex to its respective first statement, for the purposes of general illustration, any of the maps, surveys, or topographical delineations, which were filed with the Commissioners under the fifth article of the Treaty of Ghent, any engraved map heretofore published, and also a transcript of the above mentioned map A, or of a section thereof, in which transcript each party may lay down the highlands, or other features of the country, as it shall think fit; the water courses and the boundary lines, as claimed by each party, remaining as laid down in the said map A. But this transcript, as well as all the other maps, surveys, or topographical delineations, other than the map A, and Mitchell’s map, intended to be thus annexed, by either Party, to the respective statements, shall be communicated to the other Party, in the same manner as aforesaid, within nine months after the exchange of the ratifications of this Convention, and shall be subject to such objections and observations, as the other contracting Party may deem it expedient to make thereto, and shall annex to his first statement, either in the margin of such transcript, map or maps, or otherwise. Art. 5. Statements, _ &c. to be delivered to the arbitrating power within two years. All the statements, papers, maps, and documents, above mentioned, and which shall have been mutually communicated as aforesaid, shall, without any addition, subtraction, or alteration, whatsoever, be jointly and simultaneously delivered in to the arbitrating Sovereign or State, within two years after the exchange of ratifications of this Convention, unless the Arbiter should not, within that time, have consented to act as such; in which case all the said statements, papers, maps, and documents, shall be laid before him within six months after the time when he shall have consented so to act. No other statements, papers, maps, or documents, shall ever be laid before the Arbiter, except as hereinafter provided. Art. 6. In case the arbiter should desire further evidence, &c. In order to facilitate the attainment of a just and sound decision on the part of the Arbiter, it is agreed that, in case the said Arbiter should desire further elucidation or evidence in regard to any specifick point contained in any of the said statements submitted to him, the requisition for such elucidation or evidence shall be simultaneously made to both Parties, who shall thereupon be permitted to bring further evidence, if required, and to make, each, a written reply to the specifick questions submitted by the said Arbiter, but no further; and such evidence and replies shall be immediately communicated by each Party to the other. And in case the Arbiter should find the topographical evidence, laid as aforesaid before him, insufficient for the purposes of a sound and just decision, he shall have the power of ordering additional surveys to be made of any portions of the disputed boundary line or territory, as he 365 may think fit; which surveys shall be made at the joint expence of the contracting Parties, and be considered as conclusive by them. Art. 7. The decision of the Arbiter, when given, shall be taken asThe decision of the arbiter shall be final. final and conclusive; and it shall be carried, without reserve, into immediate effect, by Commissioners appointed for that purpose by the contracting Parties. Art. 8. This Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in nine months from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible. In witness whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of our arms. Done at London, the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven. ALBERT GALLATIN, (l. s.) CHARLES GRANT, (l. s.) HENRY UNWIN ADDINGTON, (l. s.) Dec. 20, 1827 Convention 8 Stat. 366 CONVENTION OF FRIENDSHIP, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION, Dec. 20, 1827.Ratifications exchanged, June 2, 1828.Proclamation of the President of the U. S., June 2, 1828.Object of said treaty.*Between the United States of America, and the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg.* (*a*)(*a*) Additional articles to the convention, agreed upon June 4, 1828, post 386. The United States of America, on the one part, and the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Lubeck, the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, and the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, (each state for itself separately,) on the other part, being desirous to give greater facility to their commercial intercourse, and to place the privileges of their navigation on a basis of the most extended liberality, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive, the rules which shall be observed between the one and the other, by means of a Convention of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation. For the attainment of this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on Henry Clay, their Secretary of State; and the Senate of the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Lubeck, the Senate of the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, and the Senate of the Republic and Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, have conferred full powers on Vincent Rumpff, their Minister Plenipotentiary near the United States of America, who, after having exchanged their said full powers, found in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles : ARTICLE I. Imports.The contracting parties agree, that whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of any foreign country can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into the United States in their own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the said Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubec, Bremen, and Hamburg, and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the United States, or of either of the said Hanseatic Republics. And, in like manner, that whatever kind of produce, manufacture, or merchandise of any foreign country, can be, from time to time, lawfully imported into either of the said Hanseatic Republics, in its own vessels, may be also imported in vessels of the United States; and that no higher or other duties upon the tonnage or cargo of the vessel, shall be levied or collected, whether the importation be made in vessels of the one party, or of the other. And they further agree, that whatever may be lawfully exported, or re-exported, by one party in its own vessels, to any foreign country, may, in like manner, be exported, or re-exported in the vessels of the other party. And the same bounties, duties, and drawbacks shall be allowed and collected, whether such exportation or re-exportation be made in vessels of the one party, or of the other. Nor shall higher, or other charges of any kind, be imposed in the ports of the one party, on vessels of the other, than are, or shall be, payable in the same ports by national vessels. 366 CONVENTION D’AMITIÉ, DE COMMERCE, ET DE NAVIGATION, Entre les Républiques libres et Anséatiques, de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et les Etats Unis d’Amérique. La République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Lubeck, la République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Bremen, et la République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Hambourg, (chacun de ces Etats pour soi séparément) d’une part; et les Etats Unis d’Amérique, d’autre part; désirant accorder plus de facilités à leurs relations commerciales, et établir les privileges de leur navigation sur les bases de la libéralité la plus étendue; sont convenus d’arrêter d’une maniéré dure, distincte, et positive, par une Convention d’amitié, de commerce, et de navigation, les règles qui doivent être observées entre eux. Pour atteindre ce but désirable, le Sénat de la République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Lubeck, le Sénat de la République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Bremen, et le Sénat de la République et Ville libre et Anséatique de Hambourg, ont muni de pleins pouvoirs, Vincent Rutnpff, leur Ministre Plénipotentiaire près les Etats Unis d’Amérique; et le Président des Etats Unis d’Amérique a muni de pleins pouvoirs Henri Clay, leur Secrétaire d’Etat; lesquels, après avoir échangé leurs dits pleins pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, ont arrêté les articles suivans: ARTICLE I. Les parties contractantes conviennent que toutes sortes de productions, manufactures, ou marchandises, provenant de quelque pays étranger que ce soit, qui, de temps à autre pourront être légalement importées dans l’une desdites Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg par leurs propres bâtimens, pourront aussi y être importées par les bâtimens des Etats Unis; et qu’il ne sera imposé ni perçu sur le tonnage ou la cargaison du bâtiment, d’autres, ni de plus forts droits, soit que l’importation ait lieu par bâtimens de l’une desdites Républiques, soit par ceux des Etats Unis. Et pareillement, que toutes sortes de productions, manufactures, ou marchandises, provenant de quelque pays étranger que ce soit, qui, de temps à autre, pourront être légalS- ment importées dans les Etats Unis, par bâtimens desdits Etats, pourront également y être importées par les bâtimens desdites Républiques Anséatiques; et qu’il ne sera imposé ni perçu, sur le tonnage ou la cargaison du bâtiment, d’autres, ni de plus forts droits, soit que l’importation ait lieu par bâtimens de l’une des parties, soit par ceux de l’autre. Elles conviennent en outre, que tout ce qui pourra être légalement exporté ou ré-exporté, pour quelque pays étranger que ce soit, par les bâtimens de l’une des parties contractantes, pourra également en être exporté ou ré-exporté, par ceux de l’autre partie; et les mêmes droits, primes et remboursemens de droits seront perçus et alloués soit que l’exportation ou la ré-exportation ait lieu par bâtimens de l’une des parties, soit par ceux de l’autre. Il ne sera imposé dans les ports de l’une des deux parties, sur les bâtimens de l’autre, aucuns droits ou charges, de quelque nature, qu’ils puissent être, plus forts ou autres que ceux qui seront imposés dans les mêmes ports sur les bâtimens nationaux. 367 368 ARTICLE II. No higher duties to be paid by either of the contracting parties, than are paid by other powers.No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation, into the United States, of any article, the produce or manufacture of the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation, into either of the said republics, of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, than are, or shall be, payable on the like article, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other, or higher duties or charges, be imposed by either party on the exportation of any articles to the United States, or to the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, respectively, than such as are, or shall be, payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation or exportation of any article, the produce or manufacture of the United States, or of the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, to, or from, the ports of the United States, or to, or from, the ports of the other party, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. ARTICLE III. No priority or preference to be given by either party.No priority or preference shall be given, directly or indirectly, by any or either of the contracting parties, nor by any company, corporation, or agent, acting on their behalf, or under their authority, in the purchase of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of their States, respectively imported into the other, on account of, or in reference to, the character of the vessel, whether it be of the one party or of the other, in which such article was imported; it being the true intent and meaning of the contracting parties, that no distinction or difference whatever shall be made in this respect. ARTICLE IV. In consideration of the limited extent of the territories of the republics of Lubeck, &c.In consideration of the limited extent of the Territories of the Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, and of the intimate connection of trade and navigation subsisting between these Republics, it is hereby stipulated and agreed, that any vessel which shall be owned exclusively by a citizen or citizens of any or either of them, and of which the master shall also be a citizen of any or either of them, and provided that three-fourths of the crew shall be citizens or subjects of any or either of the said Republics, or of any or either of the States of the confederation of Germany, such vessel, so owned and navigated, shall, for all the purposes of this Convention, be taken to be, and considered as, a vessel belonging to Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg. ARTICLE V. Any vessel belonging to either of the Hanseatic republics, and coming to the U.S., &c.Any vessel, together with her cargo, belonging to either of the Free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, and coming from either of the said ports to the United States, shall for all the purposes of this convention, be deemed to have cleared from the Republic to which such vessel belongs; although, in fact, it may not have been the one from which she departed; and any vessel of the United States, and her cargo, trading to the ports of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, directly, or in succession, shall, for the like purposes, be on the footing of a Hanseatic vessel, and her cargo, making the same voyage. ARTICLE VI.Further agreement. It is likewise agreed that it shall be wholly free for all merchants, commanders of ships, and other citizens of both parties, to manage, 369 ARTICLE II. Il ne sera impose d’autres, ni de plus forts droits sur l’importation dans les Républiques libres et Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg des articles provenant du sol ou des manufactures des Etats Unis; et il ne sera imposé d’autres ni de plus forts droits sur l’importation dans les Etats Unis des articles provenant du sol ou des manufactures desdites Républiques, que ceux qui sont, ou seront imposés sur les memes articles provenant du sol ou des manufactures de tout autre pays étranger. De même, il ne sera imposé, par l’une des parties, sur l’exportation de quelque article que ce soit, pour les Républiques libres et Anséatiques, de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, ou pour les Etats Unis, respectivement, d’autres, ni de plus forts droits que ceux qui sont ou seront imposés sur l’exportation des mêmes articles pour tout autre pays étranger. De même, il ne sera imposé sur l’importation ou sur l’exportation des articles provenant du sol ou des manufactures des Républiques libres et Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, ou des Etats Unis i. l’entrée ou à la sortie des ports des Républiques Anséatiques, ou de ceux de l’autre partie, aucune prohibition qui ne soit pas également applicable à toute autre nation. ARTICLE III. Il ne sera accordé, ni directement, ni indirectement, par l’une ou par l’autre des parties contractantes, ni par aucune compagnie, corporation, ou agent agissant en son nom, ou par son autorité, aucune priorité ou préférence quelconque, pour l’achat d’aucune production du sol ou del’ industrie deleurs Etats respectifs, importée, dans le territoire de l’autre à cause, ou en considération de la nationalité du navire qui aurait transporté cette production, soit qu’il appartienne à l’une des parties, soit à l’autre: l’intention bien positive des deux parties contractantes étant qu’ aucune différence ou distinction quelconque n’ait lieu à cet égard. ARTICLE IV. En considération de l’étendue limitée des territoires des Républiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et de l’intime liaison de commerce et de navigation subsistante entre ces Républiques; il est ici stipulé et convenu, que tout navire appartenant exclusivement à un ou plusieurs citoyens de l’une ou des autres desdites Républiques, et dont le capitaine sera aussi citoyen de l’une desdites Républiques; pourvu que les trois quarts de l’équipage se composent de citoyens ou sujets de l’une ou de plusieurs desdites Républiques, ou d’un ou de plusieurs des Etats de la Confédération Germanique; ledit navire sera considéré pour tous ’ les objets de cette Convention, comme navire appartenant à Lubeck, Bremen, ou Hambourg. ARTICLE V. Tout bâtiment, ainsi que sa cargaison appartenant à l’une des Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et venant de l’un des ports des susdites Républiques aux Etats Unis, sera considéré, pour tous les objets de cette Convention, comme venant de la République à laquelle il appartient, quoique, dans le fait, ce port ne soit pas celui d’où il aurait fait voile; et tout bâtiment des Etats Unis, ainsi, que sa cargaison, trafiquant, directement, ou successivement, avec les ports de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, sera placé, pour ces mêmes objets, sur le même pied qu’un bâtiment Anséatique et sa cargaison, faisant le même voyage. ARTICLE VI. Il est, en outre, convenu, que les négocians, capitaines de navires, et autres citoyens des deux parties, pourront, eux-mêmes, diriger librement 370 themselves, their own business, in all the ports and places subject to the jurisdiction of each other, as well with respect to the consignment and sale of their goods and merchandize, by wholesale or retail, as with respect to the loading, unloading and sending off their ships; submitting themselves to the laws, decrees, and usages there established, to which native citizens are subjected ; they being, in all these cases, to be treated as citizens of the Republic in which they reside, or at least to be placed on a footing with the citizens or subjects of the most favored nation. ARTICLE VII. Power to dispose of personal goods.The citizens of each of the contracting parties shall have power to dispose of their personal goods, within the jurisdiction of the other, by sale, donation, testament, or otherwise; and their representatives, being citizens of the other party, shall succeed to their said personal goods, whether by testament or *ab intestato*, and they may take possession thereof, either by themselves or others acting for them, and dispose of the same at their will, paying such dues only as the inhabitants of the country wherein said goods are, shall be subject to pay in like cases: and if, in the case of real estate, the said heirs would be prevented from entering into the possession of the inheritance on account of their character of aliens, there shall be granted to them the term of three years to dispose of the same, as they may think proper, and to withdraw the proceeds without molestation, and exempt from all duties of detraction on the part of the government of the respective States. ARTICLE VIII. Special protection to persons and property.Both the contracting parties promise, and engage formally, to give their special protection to the persons and property of the citizens of each other, of all occupations, who may be in the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the one or the other, transient, or dwelling therein, leaving open and free to them, the tribunals of justice for their judicial recourse, on the same terms which are usual and customary with the natives or citizens of the country in which they may be; for which they may employ, in defence of their rights, such advocates, solicitors, notaries, agents, and factors, as they may judge proper, in all their trials at law; and such citizens or agents, shall have as free opportunity as native citizens to be present at the decisions and sentences of the tribunals, in all cases which may concern them; and likewise at the taking of all examinations and evidence which may be exhibited in the said trials. ARTICLE IX. No favor to be granted to other nations, which shall not immediately become common.The contracting parties, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy, frank, and equally friendly with all, engage mutually not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shah not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional. ARTICLE X. Convention to be in force for twelve years.The present convention shall be in force for the term of twelve years from the date hereof: and further, until the end of twelve months after the Government of the United States, on the one part, or the free Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, or Hamburg, or either of them, on the other part, shall have given notice of their intention to terminate the same; each of the said contracting parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other, at the end of the said term of twelve years; and it is hereby agreed between them, that, at 371 leurs propres affaires, dans tous les ports et places soumis à la juridiction de chacune d’elles, tant pour se qui a rapport à la consignation et à la vente en gros et en détail de leurs denrées et marchandises, que pour ce qui regarde le chargement, déchargement, et expédition de leurs bàtimens, en se conformant aux lois, décrets et usages y établis, auxquels les citoyens de l’etat sont assujettis; ils seront, dans tous ces cas, traités comme sujets de la République dans laquelle ils résideront; ou, du moins, ils seront placés sur le même pied que les citoyens ou sujets de la nation la plus favorisée. ARTICLE VII. Les citoyens de chacune des parties contractantes pourront disposer de leurs biens personnels, dans les limites de la jurisdiction de l’autre, par vente, donation, testament ou autrement; et leurs héritiers, étant citoyens de l’autre partie, succéderont auxdits biens personnels, soit en vertu d’un testament, soit *ab intestato*; iis pourront en prendre possession, soit en personne, soit par d’autres agissant en leur place; et iis en disposeront, à leur volonté, en ne payant d’autres droits que ceux auxquels les habitans du pays où se trouvent lesdit biens, sont assujettis en pareille occasion. Et si, dans le cas de biens immeubles, lesdits héritiers ne pouvaient entrer en jouissance de l’héritage, à cause de leur qualité d’étrangers, il leur sera accordé un délai de trois ans, pour en disposer à leur gré, et pour en retirer le produit sans obstacle, et exempt de tous droits de détraction, de la part des gouvernemens des Etats respectifs. ARTICLE VIII. Les deux parties contractantes promettent, et s’engagent formellement d’accorder leur protection spéciale aux personnes et propriétés des citoyens de chacune d’elles, quelles que soient leurs occupations, qui pourraient se trouver dans les territoires soumis à leur jurisdiction, soit pour y voyager soit pour y séjourner; leur accordant pleine liberté de recourir aux cours de justice, pour leurs affaires litigieuses, aux memes conditions qui seront accordées, par l’usage, aux citoyens du pays où ils se trouveront; et d’employer, dans leur procès, pour la défense de leurs droits, tels avocats, avoués, notaires, agens ou mandataires qu’ils trouveront convenable de choisir; et lesdits citoyens, et leurs agens, jouiront de la meme liberté que ceux du pays d’assister aux décisions, et sentences des tribunaux, dans tous les cas où ils s’y trouveront intéressés, ainsi qu’ à l’examen des témoins qui seraient appelés dans lesdits procès. ARTICLE IX. Les parties contractantes désirant vivre en paix et harmonie avec toutes les nations de la terre, en observant envers chacune, également, une politique franche et amicale; s’engagent mutuellement à n’accorder aucune faveur particulière à d’autres nations, en fait de com-merce et de navigation, qui ne devienne aussitôt commune à l’autre partie; et celle-ci jouira de cette faveur gratuitement, si la concession est gratuite, ou en accordant la même compensation, si la concession est conditioneile. ARTICLE X. La présente Convention sera en vigueur pendant douze ans à dater de ce jour; et audelà de ce terme, jusqu’à Pexpiratîon de douze mois après que l’un ou l’autre des Gouvernemens des Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hamburg, d’une part, ou le Gouvernement des Etats Unis, d’autre part, aura annoncé à l’autre son intention de la terminer; chacune des parties contractantes se réservant le droit de faire à l’autre une telle déclaration, au bout des douze ans susmentionnés; et il est convenu entre elles, qu’à l’expiration de douze mois 372 the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either of the parties from the other, this Convention, and all the provisions thereof, shall, altogether, cease and determine, as far as regards the States giving and receiving such notice; it being always understood and agreed, that, if one or more of the Hanseatic Republics aforesaid, shall, at the expiration of twelve years from the date hereof, give or receive notice of the proposed termination of this Convention, it shall nevertheless, remain in full force and operation, as far as regards the remaining Hanseatic Republics or Republic, which may not have given or received such notice. ARTICLE XI. The present Convention being approved and ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof; and by the Senates of the Hanseatic Republics of Lubeck, Bremen, and Hamburg, the ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington within nine months from the date hereof, or sooner, if possible. In faith whereof, we, the Plenipotentiaries of the contracting parties, have signed the present Convention; and have, thereto, affixed our seals. Done, in quadruplicates, at the City of Washington, on the twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, in the fifty-second year of the Independence of the United States of America. H. CLAY, (l. s.) V. RUMPFF, (l. s.) 373 après qu’une telle déclaration de l’une des parties aura été reçue par l’autre, cette Convention, et toutes les stipulations y contenues, cesseront d’être obligatoires, par rapport aux Etats qui donneront ou recevront cette déclaration: bien entendu et convenu que si l’une ou plusieurs desdites Républiques Anséatiques, à l’expiration de douze ans, à dater de ce jour, donnent ou reçoivent la déclaration de la cessasation proposée de cette Convention, ladite Convention restera, néanmoins, en pleine force et effet par rapport à celle ou à celles des Républiques Anséatiques, qui n’aura, ou qui n’auront, ni donné ni reçu cette déclaration. ARTICLE XI. La présente Convention étant approuvée et ratifée par les Sénats des Républiques Anséatiques de Lubeck, Bremen, et Hambourg, et par le Président des Etats Unis, par, et avec l’avis et le consentement du Sénat desdits Etats, les ratifications en seront échangées à Washington dans l’espace de neuf mois, à dater de ce jour, ou plutôt, si faire se peut. En foi de quoi les Plénipotentiaires des parties contractantes ont signé la présente Convention, et y ont apposé leurs sceaux. Fait par quadruplicata, en la Cité de Washington, le vingt Décembre, l’an de Grâce mil huit cent vingt sept, et le cinquante deuxième de l’indépendance des Etats Unis d’Amérique. V. RUMPFF, (l. s.) H. CLAY, (l. s.) Jan. 12, 1828 Treaty
Connections1 cite this · traces to 1
Cited by 1 section
statutes-at-large
Traces to 1 document
statutes-at-large
11 references not yet in our index
- 8 Stat. 298
- 8 Stat. 302
- 8 Stat. 306
- 8 Stat. 322
- 8 Stat. 340
- 8 Stat. 344
- 8 Stat. 346
- 8 Stat. 360
- 8 Stat. 361
- 8 Stat. 362
- 8 Stat. 366
Citation graph
cites case law
Treaty
Stat.×1
Stat.8 Stat. 298
Stat.8 Stat. 302
Stat.8 Stat. 306
Stat.8 Stat. 322
Stat.8 Stat. 340
Cites 12 · showing 6Cited by 1 across 1 source