Sec. 2. Subseasonal to seasonal forecasting pilot projects
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Subsection
(h)of section 1762 of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 15 U.S.C. 8521 ) is amended to read as follows: The Under Secretary shall establish at least one pilot project within the U.S. Weather Research Program of the Oceanic and Atmospheric Research office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to support improved subseasonal to seasonal precipitation forecasts for water management in the western United States. In carrying out this subsection, the Under Secretary shall ensure that a pilot project under paragraph
(1)addresses key science challenges to improving forecasts and developing related products described in subsection
(c)for water management in the western United States, including the following: Improving model resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to resolve issues associated with mountainous terrain, such as intensity of precipitation and relative fraction of rain versus snow precipitation. Improving fidelity in modeling of— the atmospheric boundary layer in mountainous regions; and atmospheric rivers. Resolving challenges in predicting winter atmospheric circulation and storm tracks, including periods of blocked versus unblocked flow over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and western United States. Advancing scientific understanding of the roles of atmospheric rivers in subseasonal to seasonal precipitation, and developing tools to predict periods of active or inactive atmospheric river landfalls and inland penetration over the western United States. A pilot project under this subsection shall be carried out in coordination with the Assistant Administrator for the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and the Director of the National Weather Service and include activities that carry out the following: Best implement recommendations of the National Weather Service’s 2019 Report, entitled Subseasonal and Seasonal Forecasting Innovation: Plans for the Twenty-First Century . Achieve measurable objectives for operational forecast improvement. Engage with, and leverage the resources of, institutions of higher education (as such term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )) with experience in western precipitation science, as well as entities within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in existence as of the date of the enactment of this subsection, including the Western Regional Climate Center and the National Centers for Environmental Information. From amounts made available to Operations, Research, and Facilities at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, there is authorized to be appropriated $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this subsection. The authority under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is five years after the date of the enactment of this subsection. .
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