Sec. 205. Agricultural Research Service
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The Secretary, acting through the Agricultural Research Service, shall carry out research, development, and demonstration activities in each of the areas described in this subsection. The Secretary shall carry out fundamental research on plant-root-fungi interactions, deep inversion of soils, and other topics with the potential to advance carbon dioxide removal. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy; and the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Secretary shall carry out development of advanced cultivars and forestry crops with enhanced carbon uptake and retention. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Chief of the Forest Service. The Secretary shall carry out research on regionally specific best practices for soil health and carbon retention at not fewer than 10 sites, including at least 1 site in a tropical region. The Secretary shall consider co-locating sites described in subparagraph
(A)with sites used by the National Resource Inventory of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Long Term Ecological Research Network, the National Ecological Observatory Network, and the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program. The Secretary shall carry out research on integrating regionally appropriate trees and shrubs into crop and animal farming systems as a carbon dioxide removal practice at no fewer than 5 geographically diverse test sites. The Secretary shall carry out research into the use of perennial plants for carbon dioxide removal, including research on— genetic traits; improved soil carbon sequestration modeling; perennialization of useful annual crops; and greater use on marginal land. The Secretary shall carry out research and field studies on the longevity and impact of soil amendments, such as biochar and reactive minerals, on productivity, soil carbon retention, nutrient and water use, albedo, and other factors. The Secretary shall carry out research to improve existing carbon sequestration measurement and modeling tools and the development of simulation-based tools to predict and quantify soil carbon sequestration. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the National Science Foundation. The Secretary shall carry out activities relating to increasing the capacity of Department climate hubs and other research units to deliver climate- and carbon dioxide removal-related science and tools to farmers, ranchers, and forest planners and managers. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Chief of the Forest Service. The Secretary shall carry out activities relating to the development of tools and high-throughput screening for organisms with unique attributes relating to carbon dioxide conversion. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. The Secretary shall carry out activities relating to development of new carbon dioxide utilization products. The Secretary shall carry out the activities under subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Assistant Secretary for Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the Department of Energy. The Secretary shall carry out other carbon dioxide removal research, development, and demonstration activities, as determined by the Secretary. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section— $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; $52,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; $72,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028; and $68,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 through 2033.