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Negotiable instruments

Federal civil · Contract · 40,520 cases filed and closed (1988–present).

40,520
Cases filed
62.7%
Ended before a merits judgment
25,399 of 40,520 cases
86.4%
Plaintiff win
of 15,121 merits judgments
9.7%
Defendant win
of merits judgments
Most cases never reach a ruling on the merits. Of 40,520 filed, 62.7% closed without one — settled, dismissed, transferred, or remanded. The win rates above describe only the 15,121 that a judge actually decided.

How they closed

  • Dismissed36.3%
  • Plaintiff win32.2%
  • Settled20.9%
  • Defendant win3.6%
  • Remanded2.4%
  • Transferred2%
  • Other1%
  • Decided — other0.8%
  • Mixed0.7%
  • Affirmed0%
  • Denied0%

Where you file matters

The same claim resolves differently across districts. Plaintiff-win rate among merits judgments, busiest courts first.

Read the law behind negotiable instruments

Source: FJC Integrated Database (public domain), via CourtListener — federal civil cases filed and terminated, 1988–present. Figures are descriptive statistics about how cases of a given type have closed in a given court. They describe the historical record — not a prediction or assessment of any specific case. Not legal advice.

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