§ 49104. Lease of Metropolitan Washington Airports

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(a)General.— The lease between the Secretary of Transportation and the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority under section 6005(a) of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–500; 100 Stat. 1783–375; Public Law 99–591; 100 Stat. 3341–378), for the Metropolitan Washington Airports must provide during its 50-year term at least the following:

(1)The Airports Authority shall operate, maintain, protect, promote, and develop the Metropolitan Washington Airports as a unit and as primary airports serving the Metropolitan Washington area.

(A)In this paragraph, “airport purposes” means a use of property interests (except a sale) for—

(i)aviation business or activities;

(ii)activities necessary or appropriate to serve passengers or cargo in air commerce;

(iii)nonprofit, public use facilities that are not inconsistent with the needs of aviation; or

(iv)a business or activity not inconsistent with the needs of aviation that has been approved by the Secretary.

(B)During the period of the lease, the real property constituting the Metropolitan Washington Airports shall be used only for airport purposes.

(C)If the Secretary decides that any part of the real property leased to the Airports Authority under this chapter is used for other than airport purposes, the Secretary shall—

(i)direct that the Airports Authority take appropriate measures to have that part of the property be used for airport purposes; and

(ii)retake possession of the property if the Airports Authority fails to have that part of the property be used for airport purposes within a reasonable period of time, as the Secretary decides.

(3)The Airports Authority is subject to section 47107(a)–(c) and

(e)of this title and to the assurances and conditions required of grant recipients under the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (Public Law 97–248; 96 Stat. 671) as in effect on June 7, 1987. Notwithstanding section 47107(b) of this title, all revenues generated by the Metropolitan Washington Airports shall be expended for the capital and operating costs of the Metropolitan Washington Airports.

(4)In acquiring by contract supplies or services for an amount estimated to be more than $200,000, or awarding concession contracts, the Airports Authority to the maximum extent practicable shall obtain complete and open competition through the use of published competitive procedures. By a vote of 7 members, the Airports Authority may grant exceptions to the requirements of this paragraph.

(A)Except as provided in subparagraph

(B)of this paragraph, all regulations of the Metropolitan Washington Airports (14 CFR part 159) 1 become regulations of the Airports Authority as of June 7, 1987, and remain in effect until modified or revoked by the Airports Authority under procedures of the Airports Authority.

(B)Sections 159.59(a) and 159.191 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations,1 do not become regulations of the Airports Authority.

(C)The Airports Authority may not increase or decrease the number of instrument flight rule takeoffs and landings authorized by the High Density Rule (14 CFR 93.121 et seq.) at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport on October 18, 1986, and may not impose a limitation on the number of passengers taking off or landing at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport.

(D)Subparagraph

(C)does not apply to any increase in the number of instrument flight rule takeoffs and landings necessary to implement exemptions granted by the Secretary under section 41718.

(A)Except as specified in subparagraph

(B)of this paragraph, the Airports Authority shall assume all rights, liabilities, and obligations of the Metropolitan Washington Airports on June 7, 1987, including leases, permits, licenses, contracts, agreements, claims, tariffs, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and litigation related to those rights and obligations, regardless whether judgment has been entered, damages awarded, or appeal taken. The Airports Authority must cooperate in allowing representatives of the Attorney General and the Secretary adequate access to employees and records when needed for the performance of duties and powers related to the period before June 7, 1987. The Airports Authority shall assume responsibility for the Federal Aviation Administration’s Master Plans for the Metropolitan Washington Airports.

(B)The procedure for disputes resolution contained in any contract entered into on behalf of the United States Government before June 7, 1987, continues to govern the performance of the contract unless otherwise agreed to by the parties to the contract. Claims for monetary damages founded in tort, by or against the Government as the owner and operator of the Metropolitan Washington Airports, arising before June 7, 1987, shall be adjudicated as if the lease had not been entered into.

(C)The Administration is responsible for reimbursing the Employees’ Compensation Fund, as provided in section 8147 of title 5, for compensation paid or payable after June 7, 1987, in accordance with chapter 81 of title 5 for any injury, disability, or death due to events arising before June 7, 1987, whether or not a claim was filed or was final on that date.

(D)The Airports Authority shall continue all collective bargaining rights enjoyed by employees of the Metropolitan Washington Airports before June 7, 1987.

(7)The Comptroller General may conduct periodic audits of the activities and transactions of the Airports Authority in accordance with generally accepted management principles, and under regulations the Comptroller General may prescribe. An audit shall be conducted where the Comptroller General considers it appropriate. All records and property of the Airports Authority shall remain in possession and custody of the Airports Authority.

(8)The Airports Authority shall develop a code of ethics and financial disclosure to ensure the integrity of all decisions made by its board of directors and employees. The code shall include standards by which members of the board will decide, for purposes of section 49106(d) of this title, what constitutes a substantial financial interest and the circumstances under which an exception to the conflict of interest prohibition may be granted.

(9)A landing fee imposed for operating an aircraft or revenues derived from parking automobiles—

(A)at Washington Dulles International Airport may not be used for maintenance or operating expenses (excluding debt service, depreciation, and amortization) at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport; and

(B)at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport may not be used for maintenance or operating expenses (excluding debt service, depreciation, and amortization) at Washington Dulles International Airport.

(10)The Airports Authority shall compute the fees and charges for landing general aviation aircraft at the Metropolitan Washington Airports on the same basis as the landing fees for air carrier aircraft, except that the Airports Authority may require a minimum landing fee that is not more than the landing fee for aircraft weighing 12,500 pounds.

(11)The Secretary shall include other terms applicable to the parties to the lease that are consistent with, and carry out, this chapter.

(b)Payments.—

(1)In general.— Subject to paragraph (2), under the lease, the Airports Authority must pay to the general fund of the Treasury annually an amount, computed using the GNP Price Deflator—

(A)during the period from 1987 to 2026, equal to $3,000,000 in 1987 dollars; and

(B)for 2027 and subsequent years, equal to $15,000,000 in 2027 dollars.

(2)Renegotiation.— The Secretary and the Airports Authority shall renegotiate the level of lease payments at least once every 10 years to ensure that in no year the amount specified in paragraph (1)(B) is less than $15,000,000 in 2027 dollars.

(c)Enforcement of Lease Provisions.— The district courts of the United States have jurisdiction to compel the Airports Authority and its officers and employees to comply with the terms of the lease. The Attorney General or an aggrieved party may bring an action on behalf of the Government.

(d)Extension of Lease.— The Secretary and the Airports Authority may at any time negotiate an extension of the lease.

(Added Pub. L. 105–102, § 2(26), Nov. 20, 1997, 111 Stat. 2207; amended Pub. L. 105–154, § 2(a)(1)(D), Feb. 6, 1998, 112 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 106–181, title II, § 231(e)(2), Apr. 5, 2000, 114 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 112–95, title IV, § 414(e), Feb. 14, 2012, 126 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 119–21, title IV, § 40007, July 4, 2025, 139 Stat. 136.)

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the text of section 6005(a) and

(d)of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–500, 100 Stat. 1783–375, 1783–378, Public Law 99–591, 100 Stat. 3341–378, 3341–381) is omitted as executed. The words “conditions and requirements” are omitted as surplus. In clause (5)(B), the words “(relating to new-technology aircraft)” and “(relating to violations of Federal Aviation Administration regulations as Federal misdemeanors)” are omitted as surplus. In clause (5)(C), the words “after the date the lease takes effect” are omitted as obsolete. In clause (6)(A), the words “(tangible and incorporeal, present and executory)” are omitted as surplus. The words “The Airports Authority must” are substituted for “Before the date the lease takes effect, the Secretary shall also assure that the Airports Authority has agreed to” to eliminate obsolete words. The words “duties and powers” are substituted for “functions” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In clause (7), the words “or places” are omitted because of 1:1. The words “books, accounts . . . reports, files, papers” are omitted as being included in “reports”. In clause (8), the words “for purposes of section 49106(d) of this title” are added for clarity. In clause (9), before subclause (A), the words “Notwithstanding any other provision of law” are omitted as surplus. In clause (11), the words “and conditions” are omitted as being included in “terms”.

In subsection (b), the text of section 6005(b)(2) of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–500, 100 Stat. 1783–375, Public Law 99–591, 100 Stat. 3341–378) is omitted as executed.

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