Tap any paragraph to write a margin note. Your notes collect in the Desk below the text and file under cases with @. The side-by-side margin rail opens on a larger screen.

Code · U.S. Code · Title 42 - THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE · CHAPTER 126— EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES · § 12102

§ 12102. Definition of disability

749 words·~3 min read·/usc/title-42/section-12102

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

As used in this chapter:
(1)Disability The term “disability” means, with respect to an individual—
(A)a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities of such individual;
(B)a record of such an impairment; or
(C)being regarded as having such an impairment (as described in paragraph (3)).
(2)Major life activities
(A)In general For purposes of paragraph (1), major life activities include, but are not limited to, caring for oneself, performing manual tasks, seeing, hearing, eating, sleeping, walking, standing, lifting, bending, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, concentrating, thinking, communicating, and working.
(B)Major bodily functions For purposes of paragraph (1), a major life activity also includes the operation of a major bodily function, including but not limited to, functions of the immune system, normal cell growth, digestive, bowel, bladder, neurological, brain, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, and reproductive functions.
(3)Regarded as having such an impairment For purposes of paragraph (1)(C):
(A)An individual meets the requirement of “being regarded as having such an impairment” if the individual establishes that he or she has been subjected to an action prohibited under this chapter because of an actual or perceived physical or mental impairment whether or not the impairment limits or is perceived to limit a major life activity.
(B)Paragraph (1)(C) shall not apply to impairments that are transitory and minor. A transitory impairment is an impairment with an actual or expected duration of 6 months or less.
(4)Rules of construction regarding the definition of disability The definition of “disability” in paragraph
(1)shall be construed in accordance with the following:
(A)The definition of disability in this chapter shall be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals under this chapter, to the maximum extent permitted by the terms of this chapter.
(B)The term “substantially limits” shall be interpreted consistently with the findings and purposes of the ADA Amendments Act of 2008.
(C)An impairment that substantially limits one major life activity need not limit other major life activities in order to be considered a disability.
(D)An impairment that is episodic or in remission is a disability if it would substantially limit a major life activity when active.
(i)The determination of whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity shall be made without regard to the ameliorative effects of mitigating measures such as—
(I)medication, medical supplies, equipment, or appliances, low-vision devices (which do not include ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses), prosthetics including limbs and devices, hearing aids and cochlear implants or other implantable hearing devices, mobility devices, or oxygen therapy equipment and supplies;
(II)use of assistive technology;
(III)reasonable accommodations or auxiliary aids or services; or
(IV)learned behavioral or adaptive neurological modifications.
(ii)The ameliorative effects of the mitigating measures of ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses shall be considered in determining whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity.
(iii)As used in this subparagraph—
(I)the term “ordinary eyeglasses or contact lenses” means lenses that are intended to fully correct visual acuity or eliminate refractive error; and
(II)the term “low-vision devices” means devices that magnify, enhance, or otherwise augment a visual image.
(Pub. L. 101–336, § 3, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 110–325, § 4(a), Sept. 25, 2008, 122 Stat. 3555.)
Connections942 cite this · traces to 2
Cited by 942 sections · top 60
U.S. Code
Traces to 2 documents
9 references not yet in our index
  • Pub. L. 101–336, § 3
  • 104 Stat. 329
  • Pub. L. 110–325, § 4(a)
  • 122 Stat. 3555
  • Pub. L. 101–336
  • 104 Stat. 327
  • Pub. L. 110–325
  • 122 Stat. 3553
  • section 8 of Pub. L. 110–325
Citation graph
cites case law
§ 12102
Definition of disability
Bills×630
Fed. Reg.×174
Stat.×39
U.S.C.×38
Stat. Comp.×34
Pub. L.×16
C.F.R.×11
Pub. L.Pub. L. 101–336, § 3
Stat.104 Stat. 329
Pub. L.Pub. L. 110–325, § 4(a)
Stat.122 Stat. 3555
Pub. L.Pub. L. 101–336
Cites 11 · showing 7Cited by 942 across 7 sources
★   the supreme law of the land   ★
Don't Tread on Me
E Pluribus Unum — out of many, one

"If you don't know your rights, you don't have any."

Marginalia · a citizen's law index
A research desk, not legal advice. Always read the cited source before relying on a summary.
Questions or an issue? support@self-law.org
disclaimerMarginalia is a research index, not a law firm. Nothing on this site is legal, tax, or financial advice and no attorney–client relationship is formed by using it. Statutes, regulations, and case law change; summaries, search results, AI output, and member posts may be incomplete, out of date, or wrong. Any interpretation drawn from material on this site should be validated by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before you act on it.