Proclamation 4613.

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93 STAT. 1450 Proclamation 4613 • December 1, 1978 Becharof National Monument By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation This monument on the Alaska Peninsula supports one of the densest known populations of the great Alaska brown bear. This area encompasses habitat used by a discrete population of bears for denning and foraging, both north and south of Becharof Lake. At the southern end of Becharof Lake, several hundred bears concentrate during salmon spawning season.

Certain of the bears make their dens in the area on islands a few feet above the water level, a unique phenomenon of great interest in the study of tins great carnivore. Deeply worn bear trails also indicate decades of extensive use, making this area important to the study of the bears’ long term habits and population fluctuation. Rich salmon spawning habitats and the presence of such prey species as caribou and moose are key factors in the intensive use of the area by the bears.

The biology of the brown bears, their habitat and associated plant and animal species within the monument, together with other ecological features of the area, combine to offer excellent opportunities for scientific study and research. The area is interesting and significant geologically, as it contains one of Alaska’s most recent volcanically active areas, the Gas Rocks under Mount Peulik. Studies here of recent volcanism may contribute to the growing understanding of this powerful geological force.

The land withdrawn and reserved by this Proclamation for the protection of the geological, biological and other phenomena enumerated above supports now, as it has in the past, the unique subsistence culture of the local residents. The continued existence of this culture, which depends on subsistence hunting, and its availability for study, enhance the historic and scientific values of the natural objects protected herein because of the ongoing interaction of the subsistence culture with those objects.

Accordingly, the opportunity for the local residents to engage in subsistence hunting is a value to be protected and will continue under the administration of the monument. Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat, 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), authorizes the President, in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks. historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve as part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.

NOW. THEREFORE, I, JIMMY GARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), do proclaim that there are hereby set apart and reserved as the Becharof National Monument all lands, including submerged lands, and waters owned or controlled by the United States within the boundaries of the area depicted as Becharof National Monument on the map numbered FWS–81–00–0414 attached to and forming a part of this Proclamation.11 The map depicting the area it printed in the Federal Register of December 5, 1978 (43 FR 57021).

The area reserved consists of approximately 1,200,000 acres, and is the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. Lands, including submerged lands, and waters within these boundaries not owned by the United States shall be 93 STAT. 1451reserved as a part of the monument upon acquisition of title thereto by the United States. All lands, including submerged lands, and all waters within the boundaries of this monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from entry, location, selection. sale or other disposition under the public land laws, other than exchange.

There is also reserved all water necessary to the proper care and management of those objects protected by this monument and for the propel administration of the monument in accordance with applicable laws. The establishment of this monument is subject to valid existing rights, including, but not limited to, valid selections under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, as amended (43 U.S.C. 1601 *et seq*.), and under or confirmed in the Alaska Statehood Act (48 U.S.C. Note preceding Section 21).

Nothing in this Proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation or appropriation, including any public land order effecting a withdrawal under Section 17(d)(1) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 43 U.S.C. 1616(d)(1); however, the national monument shall be the dominant reservation. Nothing in this Proclamation is intended to modify or revoke the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding dated September 1, 1972, entered into between (he Stale of Alaska and the United States as part of the negotiated settlement of *Alaska* v. *Morton*, Civil No.

A–48–72 (D. Alaska, Complaint filed April 10, 1972). The Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate such regulations as are appropriate, including regulation of sport hunting, and of the opportunity to engage in a subsistence lifestyle by local residents. The Secretary may close this national monument, or any portion thereof, to subsistence uses of a particular fish, wildlife or plant population or to sport hunting of a particular fish or wildlife population if necessary for reasons of public safety, administration, or to ensure the natural stability or continued viability of such population.

Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and third. Jimmy Carter 4614 December 1, 1978 Bering Land Bridge National Monument Digitization Vendor By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Proclamation 4614 • December 1, 1978 Bering Land Bridge National Monument By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The Bering Land Bridge, now overlain by the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea and Bering Strait, was the migration route by which many plants, animals, and humans arrived on the North American continent.

The monument hereby created has within it an invaluable record of this migration. There are found here rich archeological sites giving evidence of human migration during the periods the Bridge was water-free. Also four d are paleontological sues providing abundant evidence of the migration of plants and animals onto the continent in the ages before the human migrations. The arctic conditions here are 93 STAT. 1452favorable to the preservation of this paleontological record from minute pollen grains and insects to the large mammals such as the mammoth.

The monument is also the summering area for a number of Old World bird species, which feed and nest in the area. It is one of the few places in North America where ornithologists are able to study these species. The diversity of the soils, topography, permafrost action and climate within the monument leads to an excellent representation of varied, yet interrelated tundra plant communities. Their proximity and diversity make the area a prime outdoor laboratory. The area is also rich in volcanics.

Here is the opportunity to study unique Arctic lava flows which erupted through deep permafrost. The tubes and cracks of these flows are now filled with the sheen of permanent ice. In the Devil Mountain area are the uniquely paired maar explosion craters which were formed by violent explosions resulting from the steam pressure released when the hot volcanic ejecta contacted the water and ice that covered this wetland area. These craters are now crystal clear lakes bounded by a shoreline of volcanic ash, cinders and scoria.

The land withdrawn and reserved by this Proclamation for the protection of the geological, archeological, paleontological, biological and other phenomena enumerated above supports now, as it has in the past, the unique subsistence culture of the local residents. The continued existence of this culture, which depends on subsistence hunting, and its availability for study, enhance the historic and scientific values of the natural objects protected herein because of the ongoing interaction of the subsistence culture with those objects.

Accordingly, the opportunity for local residents to engage in subsistence hunting is a value to be protected and will continue under the administration of the monument. Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 4 31), authorizes the President, in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve as part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat, 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), do proclaim that there are hereby set apart and reserved as the Bering Land Bridge National Monument all lands, including submerged lands, and waters owned or controlled by the United States within the boundaries of the area depicted as the Bering Land Bridge National Monument on the map numbered BELA–90,006 attached to and forming 3 part of this Proclamation.11 The map depicting the area is printed in the Federal Regnier of December 5, 1978 (43 FR 57027).

The area reserved consists of approximately 2,590,000 acres, and is the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. Lands, including submerged lands, and waters within these boundaries not owned by the United States shall be reserved as a part of the monument upon acquisition of title thereto by the United States. All lands, including submerged lands, and all waters within the boundaries of this monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from entry, location, selection, sale or other disposition under the public land laws, other than exchange.

There is also reserved all water necessary to the proper care and management of those objects protected by this monument and for the proper administration of the monument in accordance with applicable laws. The establishment of this monument is subject to valid existing rights, including, but not limited to, valid selections under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, as amended (43 U.S.C. 1601 *et seq*.), and under or confirmed in the Alaska Statehood Act (48 U.S.C. Note preceding Section 21). 93 STAT. 1453 Nothing in this Proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation or appropriation, including any withdrawal under Section 17(d)(1) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1616(d)(1)); however, the national monument shall be the dominant reservation.

Nothing in this Proclamation is intended to modify or revoke the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding dated September 1, 1972, entered into between the State of Alaska and the United States as part of the negotiated settlement of *Alaska* v. *Morton*, Civil No. A–48–72 (D. Alaska. Complaint filed April 10, 1972). The Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate such regulations as are appropriate. including regulation of the opportunity to engage in a subsistence lifestyle by local residents.

The Secretary may close the national monument, or any portion thereof, to subsistence uses of a particular fish, wildlife or plant population if necessary for reasons of public safety, administration, or to ensure the natural stability or continued viability of such population. Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and third.

Jimmy Carter 4615 December 1, 1978 Cape Krusenstern National Monument Digitization Vendor By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Proclamation 4615 • December 1, 1978 Cape Krusenstern National Monument By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The area of northwest Alaska known as Cape Krusenstern contains an archeological record of great significance. The Cape’s bluffs and its series of one hundred fourteen horizontal beach ridges hold an archeological record of every major cultural period associated with habitation of the Alaska coastline in the last 5000 years.

The unglaciated lands lying inland, including the Kakagrak Hills, the Rabbit Creek area and others, have an older archeological record dating back to preEskimo periods of at least 8000 years ago. This continuum of evidence is of great historic and scientific importance in the study oi human survival and cultural evolution. There are in this area examples of other unique natural processes. The climatological conditions are conducive to the formation of Naleds, one spectacular example of which occurs in the area.

In the same inland area at Kilikmak Creek is found the only known Alaskan example of a still recognizable Illinoisian glacial esker, a formation which is over 100,000 years old, The unique geologic process of erosion and sediment transport in this area created and continues to create the beach ridges in which is preserved the archeological record of the beach civilizations. Also found in the area is a wide variety of plant and animal species, from the marine life along the shoreline and its lagoons to the inland populations such as musk-oxen, Dall sheep, caribou and many smaller species.

The land withdrawn and reserved by this Proclamation for the protection of the geological, archeological, biological and other phenomena enumerated above supports now. as it has in the past, the unique subsistence culture of the local residents. The continued existence of this culture, which depends on subsistence hunting, and 93 STAT. 1454its availability for study, enhance the historic and scientific values of the natural objects protected herein because of the ongoing interaction of the subsistence culture with those objects.

Accordingly, the opportunity for the local residents to engage in subsistence hunting is a value to be protected and will continue under the administration of the monument. Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), authorizes the President, in his discretion, to declare by, public proclamation historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve as part thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), do proclaim that there are hereby set apart and reserved as the Cape Krusenstern National Monument all lands, including submerged lands, and waters owned or controlled by the United States within the boundaries of the area depicted as the Cape Krusenstern National Monument on the map numbered CAKR–90,008 attached to and forming a part of this Proclamation.11 The map depicting the area is printed in the Federal Register of December 5, 1978 (45 FR 57033).

The area reserved consists of approximately 560,000 acres, and is the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. Lands, including submerged lands, and waters within these boundaries not owned by the United States shall be reserved as a part of the monument upon acquisition of title thereto by the United States. All lands, including submerged lands, and all waters within the boundaries of this monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from entry, location, selection, sale or other disposition under the public land laws, other than exchange.

Nothing in this Proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation or appropriation, including any withdrawal under Section 17(d)(1) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1616(d)(1)); however, the national monument shall be the dominant reservation. Nothing in this Proclamation is intended to modify or revoke the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding dated September 1, 1972, entered into between the State of Alaska and the United States as part of the negotiated settlement of *Alaska* v. *Morton*, Civil No.

A–48–72 (D. Alaska. Complaint filed April 10, 1972). The Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate such regulations as are appropriate. including regulation of the opportunity to engage in a subsistence lifestyle by local residents. The Secretary may close the national monument, or any portion thereof, to subsistence uses of a particular fish, wildlife or plant population if necessary for reasons of public safety, administration, or to ensure the natural stability or continued viability of such population.

Warning is hereby given to ail unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof. 93 STAT. 1455 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December. in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and third. Jimmy Carter 4616 December 1, 1978 Denali National Monument Digitization Vendor By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Proclamation 4616 • December 1, 1978 Denali National Monument By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation In the creation of Mount McKinley National Park the southern half of the mountain’s massif was inadvertently excluded from the Park.

The creation of Denali National Monument will bring within the protection of the National Park System the entirety of this, the higest peak on the North American continent. This face markedly differs from the north side for it has a more gradual rise and a significant system of glaciers. It is also the approach route used historically by those seeking to scale Mount McKinley. Certain oi the glaciers on the south face are among the largest in Alaska, reaching up to 45 miles in length.

Yet, only the very uppermost parts are presently within the National Park. Their protection is enhanced by the creation of this monument. In the southwest area of the monument hereby created are the geologically unique Cathedral Spires. From this granitic pluton mass radiate eight major glacial troughs exhibiting cirques and headwalls rising 5.600 feet from their bases. The monument also protects significant habitat for the McKinley caribou herd which has provided a basis for scientific study since the early twentieth century.

Associated with the herd in this ecosystem are other scientifically important mammals such as grizzly bear, wolf and wolverine. The Toklat River region includes a unique area of warm springs which attracts an unusual late run of Chum salmon. This run provides an important late fall food source for the grizzly bear population of the area which, because of its accessibility, has been the subject of many scientific studies. The land withdrawn and reserved by this Proclamation for the protection of the geological, biological and other phenomena enumerated above supports now. as it has in the past, the unique subsistence culture of the local residents.

The continued existence of this culture, which depends on subsistence hunting, and its availability for study, enhance the historic and scientific values of the natural objects protected herein because of the ongoing interaction of the subsistence culture with those objects. Accordingly, the opportunity for the local residents to engage in subsistence hunting is a value to be protected and will continue under the administration of the monument. Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 Slat. 225, 16 U.S.C. 431), authorizes the President, in his discretion, to declare by public proclamation historic landmarks. historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest that are situated upon the lands owned or controlled by the Government of the United States to be national monuments, and to reserve as pan thereof parcels of land, the limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper rare and management of the objects to be protected.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by Section 2 of the Act of June 8, 1906 (34 93 STAT. 1456Stat. 225. 16 U.S.C. 431), do proclaim chat there are hereby set apart and reserved as the Denali National Monument all lands, including submerged lands, and waters owned or controlled by the United States within the boundaries of the area depicted as the Denali National Monument on the map numbered DENA–90,007 attached to and forming a part of this Proclamation.11 The map depicting the area is printed in the Federal Register of December 5, 1978 (43 FR 57037).

The area reserved consists of approximately 3,890,000 acres, and is the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected. Lands, including submerged lands, and waters within these boundaries not owned by the United States shall be reserved as a part of the monument upon acquisition of title thereto by the United States. All lands, including submerged lands, and all waters within the boundaries of this monument are hereby appropriated and withdrawn from entry, location, selection. sale or other disposition under the public land laws, other than exchange.

Nothing in this Proclamation shall be deemed to revoke any existing withdrawal, reservation or appropriation, including any withdrawal under Section 17(d)(1) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1616(d)(1)); however, the national monument shall be the dominant reservation. Nothing in this Proclamation is intended to modify or revoke the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding dated September 1, 1972, entered into between the Slate of Alaska and the United States as part of the negotiated settlement of *Alaska* v. *Morton*, Civil No.

A–48–72 (D. Alaska, Complaint filed April 10, 1972). The Secretary of the Interior shall promulgate such regulations as are appropriate, including regulation of the opportunity to engage in a subsistence lifestyle by local residents. The Secretary may close the national monument, or any portion thereof, to subsistence uses of a particular fish, wildlife or plant population if necessary for reasons of public safety, administration, or to ensure the natural stability or continued viability of such population.

Warning is hereby given to alt unauthorized persons not to appropriate, injure, destroy or remove any feature of this monument and not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this 1st day of December. in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and Third. Jimmy Carter 4617 December 1, 1978 Gates of the Arctic National Monument Digitization Vendor By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation

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