Tap any paragraph to write a margin note. Your notes collect in the Desk below the text and file under cases with @. The side-by-side margin rail opens on a larger screen.

§
Marginalia
Code · STATUTES-AT-LARGE · Vol. 39 STAT. · July 17, 1916 · Chapter 245

Chapter 245. To provide capital for agricultural development, to create standard forms of investment based upon farm mortgage, to equalize rates of interest upon farm loans, to furnish a market for United States bonds, to create Government depositaries and financial agents for the United States, and for other pu

16,128 words·~73 min read·/statutes-at-large/vol-39/chapter-245-1612065·

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

CHAP. 245.— An Act To provide capital for agricultural development, to create standard forms of investment based upon farm mortgage, to equalize rates of interest upon farm loans, to furnish a market for United States bonds, to create Government depositaries and financial agents for the United States, and for other purposes. July 17, 1916[[S. 2986](/us/bill/64/s/2986)][[Public, No. 158](/us/pl/64/158)] *Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,* Federal Farm Lean Act.Administration.
That the short title of this Act shall be “The Federal Farm Loan Act.” Its administration shall be under the direction and control of the Federal Farm Loan Board hereinafter created. Definitions.definitions. Sec. 2. “First mortgage.” That wherever the term “first mortgage” is used in this Act it shall be held to include such classes of first liens on farm lands as shall be approved by the Federal Farm Loan Board, and the “Farm loan bonds.”credit instruments secured thereby. The term “farm loan bonds” shall be held to include all bonds secured by collateral deposited with Distinction.a farm loan registrar under the terms of this Act; they shall be distinguished by the addition of the words “Federal,” or “joint stock,” as the case may be.
Farm Loan Board.federal farm loan board. Sec. 3. Farm Loan Bureau.Created in Treasury Department. That there shall be established at the seat of government in the Department of the Treasury a bureau charged with the execution of this Act and of all Acts amendatory thereof, to be known as the Federal Farm Loan Bureau, under the general supervision of a Federal Farm Loan Board. Composition of Board.Said Federal Farm Loan Board shall consist of five members, including the Secretary of the Treasury, who shall be a member and chairman ex officio, and four members to be appointed by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Appointments, qualifications, etc.Senate.
Of the four members to be appointed by the President, not more than two shall be appointed from one political party, and all four of said members shall be citizens of the United States and shall devote their entire time to the business of the Federal Farm Loan Pay, etc.Board; they shall receive an annual salary of $10,000 payable monthly, together with actual necessary traveling expenses. Term of service.One of the members to be appointed by the President shall be designated by him to serve for two years, one for four years, one for six years, and one for eight years, and thereafter each member so appointed shall serve for a term of eight years, unless sooner removed Farm Loan Commissioner.for cause by the President.
One of the members shall be designated by the President as the Farm Loan Commissioner, who shall be the active executive officer of said board. Each member of the Federal Farm Loan Board shall within fifteen days after notice of his appointment take and subscribe to the oath of office. First meeting.The first meeting of the Federal Farm Loan Board shall be held in Washington as soon as may be after the passage of this Act, at a date and place to be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury.
Other employment forbidden.No member of the Federal Farm Loan Board shall, during his continuance in office, be an officer or director of any other institution, association, or partnership engaged in banking, or in the business of making land mortgage loans or selling land mortgages. Before entering upon his duties as a member of the Federal Farm Loan Board each member shall certify under oath to the President that he is eligible under this section. Filling vacancies.The President shall have the power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to fill any vacancy occurring in the membership of the Federal Farm Loan Board; if such vacancy shall be filled 361during the recess of the Senate a commission shall be granted which shall expire at the end of the next session.
The Federal Farm Loan Board shall appoint a farm loan registrarFarm loan registrars. in each land bank district to receive applications for issues of farm loan bonds and to perform such other services as are prescribed by this Act. It shall also appoint one or more land bank appraisers forAppraisers and examiners. each land bank district and as many land bank examiners as it shall deem necessary. Farm loan registrars, land bank appraisers, andRestriction on other employment. land bank examiners appointed under this section shall be public officials and shall, during their continuance in office, have no connection with or interest in any other institution, association, or partnership engaged in banking or in the business of making land mortgage*Proviso*.Temporary employees. loans or selling land mortgages: *Provided*, That this limitation shall not apply to persons employed by the board temporarily to do special work.
The salaries and expenses of the Federal Farm Loan Board, andPayment of salaries, etc. of farm loan registrars and examiners authorized under this section, shall be paid by the United States. Land bank appraisers shallAppraisers. receive such compensation as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall fix, and shall be paid by the Federal land banks and the joint stock land banks which they serve, in such proportion and in such manner as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall order. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall be authorized and empoweredEmployees authorized. to employ such attorneys, experts, assistants, clerks, laborers, and other employees as it may deem necessary to conduct the business of said board.
All salaries and fees authorized in this section and not otherwise provided for shall be fixed in advance by said board and shall be paid in the same manner as the salaries of the Federal Farm Loan Board. All such attorneys, experts, assistants, clerks, laborers,Not subject to civil service laws.Vol. 22, p. 403. and other employees, and all registrars, examiners, and appraisers shall be appointed without regard to the provisions of the Act of January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and eighty-three (volume twenty-two, United States Statutes at Large, page four hundred and three), and amendments thereto, or any rule or regulation made in pursuance thereof: *Provided*, That nothing herein shall prevent the*Proviso*.Transfer to classified service.
President from placing said employees in the classified service. Every Federal land bank shall semiannually submit to the FederalReport of salaries. Farm Loan Board a schedule showing the salaries or rates of compensation paid to its officers and employees. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall annually make a full report ofAnnual reports. its operations to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall cause the same to be printed for the information of the Congress. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall from time to time requireCondition of banks, etc. examinations and reports of condition of all land banks established under the provisions of this Act and shall publish consolidated statements of the results thereof.
It shall cause to be made appraisals ofAmortization tables, etc. farm lands as provided by this Act, and shall prepare and publish amortization tables which shall be used by national farm loan associations and land banks organized under this Act. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall prescribe a form for the statementForms for statements. of condition of national farm loan associations and land banks under its supervision, which shall be filled out quarterly by each such association or bank and transmitted to said board.
It shall be the duty of the Federal Farm Loan Board to prepare fromBulletins of information, etc., to be distributed. time to time bulletins setting forth the principal features of this Act and through the Department of Agriculture or otherwise to distribute the same, particularly to the press, to agricultural journals, and to farmers’ organizations; to prepare and distribute in the same manner circulars setting forth the principles and advantages of amortized farm loans and the protection afforded debtors under this Act, instructing 362farmers how to organize and conduct farm loan associations, and advising investors of the merits and advantages of farm loan bonds; and to disseminate in its discretion information for the further instruction of farmers regarding the methods and principles of cooperative Expenses for.*Post*., p. 384.credit and organization.
Said board is hereby authorized to use a reasonable portion of the organization fund provided in section thirty-three of this Act for the objects specified in this paragraph, and is instructed to lay before the Congress at each session its recommendations for further appropriations to carry out said objects. Federal land banks.federal land banks. Sec. 4. Designation of land bank districts. That as soon as practicable the Federal Farm Loan Board shall divide the continental United States, excluding Alaska, into twelve districts, which shall be known as Federal land bank districts, Apportionment of territory.and may be designated by number.
Said districts shall be apportioned with due regard to the farm loan needs of the country, but no such district shall contain a fractional part of any State. The boundaries thereof may be readjusted from time to time in the discretion of said board. Bank for each district.The Federal Farm Loan Board shall establish in each Federal land bank district a Federal land bank, with its principal office located in such city within the district as said board shall designate. Each Federal land bank shall include in its title the name of the city in Branches.which it is located.
Subject to the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board, any Federal land bank may establish branches within the land bank district Temporary management.Each Federal land bank shall be temporarily managed by five directors appointed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Said directors shall be citizens of the United States and residents of the district. They shall each give a surety bond, the premium on which shall be paid from the funds of the bank. They shall receive such compensation as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall fix.
They shall choose Preliminary organization.from their number, by majority vote, a president, a vice president, a secretary and a treasurer. They are further authorized and empowered to employ such attorneys, experts, assistants, clerks, laborers, and other employees as they may deem necessary, and to fix their compensation, subject to the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board. Organization certificate.Said temporary directors shall, under their hands, forthwith make an organization certificate, which shall specifically state:
Name.First. The name assumed by such bank. District.Second. The district within which its operations are to be carried on, and the particular city in which its principal office is to be located. Capital.*Proviso*.Increases allowed.Third. The amount of capital stock and the number of shares into which the same is to be divided: *Provided*, That every Federal land bank organized under this Act shall by its articles of association permit an increase of its capital stock from time to time for the purpose of providing for the issue of shares to national farm loan associations and stockholders who may secure loans through agents of Federal land banks in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
Purposes, etc.Fourth. The fact that the certificate is made to enable such persons to avail themselves of the advantages of this Act. The organization certificate shall be acknowledged before a judge or clerk of some court of record or notary public, and shall be, together with the acknowledgment thereof, authenticated by the seal of such court or notary, Transmittal to Commissioner, etc.transmitted to the Farm Loan Commissioner, who shall record and carefully preserve the same in his office, where it shall be at all times open to public inspection. 363 The Federal Farm Loan Board is authorized to direct such changesChanges by Board. in or additions to any such organization certificate, not inconsistent with this Act, as it may deem necessary or expedient.
Upon duly making and filing such organization certificate the bankIncorporation. shall become, as from the date of the execution of its organization certificate, a body corporate, and as such, and in the name designated in the organization certificate, it shall have power—Corporate powers. First. To adopt and use a corporate seal.General. Second. To have succession until it is dissolved by Act of Congress or under the provisions of this Act. Third. To make contracts. Fourth. To sue and be sued, complain, interplead, and defend, in any court of law or equity, as fully as natural persons.
Fifth. To elect or appoint directors, and by its board of directors to elect a president and a vice president, appoint a secretary and a treasurer and other officers and employees, define their duties, require bonds of them, and fix the penalty thereof; by action of its board of directors dismiss such officers and employees, or any of them, at pleasure and appoint others to fill their places. Sixth. To prescribe, by its board of directors, subject to the supervisionBy-laws. and regulation of the Federal Farm Loan Board, by-laws not inconsistent with law, regulating the manner in which its stock shall be transferred, its directors elected, its officers elected or appointed, its property transferred, its general business conducted, and the privileges granted to it by law exercised and enjoyed.
Seventh. To exercise, by its board of directors or duly authorizedIncidental powers. officers or agents, subject to law, all such incidental powers as shall be necessary to carry on the business herein described. After the subscriptions to stock in any Federal land bank byPermanent organization. national farm loan associations, hereinafter authorized, shall have reached the sum of $100,000, the officers and directors of said land bank shall be chosen as herein provided and shall, upon becoming duly qualified, take over the management of said land bank from the temporary officers selected under this section.
The board of directors of every Federal land bank shall be selectedBoard of directors. as hereinafter specified and shall consist of nine members, each holding office for three years. Six of said directors shall be known as localLocal. directors, and shall be chosen by and be representative of national farm loan associations; and the remaining three directors shall beDistrict. known as district directors, and shall be appointed by the Federal Farm Loan Board and represent the public interest.
At least two months before each election the Farm Loan CommissionerLocal directors.Nominations for, from land associations. shall notify each national farm loan association in writing that such election is to be held, giving the number of directors to be elected for its district, and requesting each association to nominate one candidate for each director to be elected. Within ten days of the receipt of such notice each association shall forward its nominations to said Farm Loan Commissioner.
Said commissioner shall prepare a list of candidates for local directors consisting of the twenty persons securing the highest number of votes from national farm loan associations making such nominations. At least one month before said election said Farm Loan CommissionerVoting and election. shall mail to each national farm loan association the list of candidates. The directors of each national farm loan association shall cast the vote of said association for as many candidates on said list as there are vacancies to be filled, and shall forward said vote to the Farm Loan Commissioner within ten days after said list of candidates is received by them.
The candidates receiving the highest number of votes shall be elected as local directors. In case of a tie the Farm Loan Commissioner shall determine the choice. 364 District directors.Designation and tenure.The Federal Farm Loan Board shall designate one of the district directors to serve for three years and to act as chairman of the board of directors. It shall designate one of said directors to serve for a term of two years and one to serve for a term of one year. After the first appointments each district director shall be appointed for a term of three years.
Terms of local directors.At the first regular meeting of the board of directors of each Federal land bank it shall be the duty of the local directors to designate two of the local directors whose term of office shall expire in one year from the date of such meeting, two whose term of office shall expire in two years from said date, and two whose term of office shall expire hi three years from said date. Thereafter every local director of a Federal land bank chosen as hereinbefore provided shall hold office for a term of three years.
Vacancies that may occur in the board of directors shall be filled for the unexpired term in the manner provided for the original selection of such directors. Qualifications.Directors of Federal land banks shall have been for at least two years residents of the district for which they are appointed or elected, and at least one district director shall be experienced in practical farming and actually engaged at the time of his appointment in farming Other employment restricted.operations within the district.
No director of a Federal land bank shall, during his continuance in office, act as an officer, director, or employee of any other institution, association, or partnership engaged in banking or in the business of making or selling land mortgage loans. Pay, etc.Directors of Federal land banks shall receive, in addition to any compensation otherwise provided, a reasonable allowance for necessary expenses in attending meetings of their respective boards, to be Approval by Board.paid by the respective Federal land banks.
Any compensation that may be provided by boards of directors of Federal land banks for directors, officers, or employees shall be subject to the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board. Capital stock.capital stock of federal land banks. Sec. 5. Amount required. That every Federal land bank shall have, before beginning business, a subscribed capital of not less than $750,000. The Subscriptions.Federal Farm Loan Board is authorized to prescribe the times and conditions of the payment of subscriptions to capital stock, to reject any subscription in its discretion, and to require subscribers to furnish adequate security for the payment thereof.
Par value of shares.The capital stock of each Federal land bank shall be divided into shares of $5 each, and may be subscribed for and held by any individual, firm, or corporation, or by the Government of any State or of the United States. Transfers restricted.Stock held by national farm loan associations shall not be transferred or hypothecated, and the certificates therefor shall so state. Dividends.Stock owned by the Government of the United States in Federal land banks shall receive no dividends, but all other stock shall share Voting power limited.in dividend distributions without preference.
Each national farm loan association and the Government of the United States shall be entitled to one vote for each share of stock held by it in deciding all questions at meetings of shareholders, and no other shareholder shall be permitted to vote. Stock owned by the United States shall be voted by the Farm Loan Commissioner, as directed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Subscriptions.It shall be the duty of the Federal Farm Loan Board, as soon as practicable after the passage of this Act, to open books of subscription for the capital stock of a Federal land bank in each Federal United States to take unsubscribed for stock.land bank district.
If within thirty days after the opening of said books any part of the minimum capitalization of $750,000 herein prescribed for Federal land banks shall remain unsubscribed, it shall 365be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to subscribe the balancePayment. thereof on behalf of the United States, said subscription to be subject to call in whole or in part by the board of directors of said land bank upon thirty days’ notice with the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board; and the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed to take out shares corresponding to the unsubscribed balance as called, and to pay for the same out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.
Thereafter noSubsequent issues. stock shall be issued except as hereinafter provided. After the subscriptions to capital stock by national farm loanRetirement of original issues. associations shall amount to $750,000 in any Federal land bank, said bank shall apply semiannually to the payment and retirement of the shares of stock which were issued to represent the subscriptions to the original capital twenty-five per centum of all sums thereafter subscribed to capital stock until all such original capital stock is retired at par.
At least twenty-five per centum of that part of the capital of anyAssets required from loan associations. Federal land bank for which stock is outstanding in the name of national farm loan associations shall be held in quick assets, and may consist of cash in the vaults of said land bank, or in deposits in member banks of the Federal reserve system, or in readily marketable securities which are approved under rules and regulations of the Federal Farm Loan Board: *Provided*, That not less than five per*Proviso*.Investment in Government bonds. centum of such capital shall be invested in United States Government bonds. government depositaries.Government depositaries.
Sec. 6. That all Federal land banks and joint stock land banks banks as.Employment of land banks as. organized under this Act, when designated for that purpose by the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be depositaries of public money, except receipts from customs, under such regulations as may be prescribed by said Secretary; and they may also be employed asAs financial agents. financial agents of the Government; and they shall perform all such reasonable duties, as depositaries of public money and financial agents of the Government, as may be required of them.
And theSecurity required. Secretary of the Treasury shall require of the Federal land banks and joint stock land banks thus designated satisfactory security, by the deposit of United States bonds or otherwise, for the safekeeping and prompt payment of the public money deposited with them, and for the faithful performance of their duties as financial agents of the Government. No Government funds deposited underUse of Government funds. the provisions of this section shall be invested in mortgage loans or farm loan bonds. national farm loan associations.National farm loan associations.
Sec. 7. That corporations, to be known as national farm loanOrganization requirements. associations, may be organized by persons desiring to borrow money on farm mortgage security under the terms of this Act. Such personsArticles of association. shall enter into articles of association which shall specify in general terms the object for which the association is formed and the territory within which its operations are to be carried on, and which may contain any other provision, not inconsistent with law, which the association may see fit to adopt for the regulation of its business and the conduct of its affairs.
Said articles shall be signed by the persons uniting to form the association, and a copy thereof shall be forwarded to the Federal land bank for the district, to be filed and preserved in its office. Every national farm loan association shall elect, in the mannerBoard of directors. prescribed for the election of directors of national banking associa-366tions, a board of not less than five directors, who shall hold office for Officers, etc.the same period as directors of national banking associations.
It shall be the duty of said board of directors to choose in such manner as they may prefer a secretary-treasurer, who shall receive such compensation as said board of directors shall determine. The board of directors shall elect a president, a vice president, and a loan committee of three members. Pay restriction.The directors and all officers except the secretary-treasurer shall serve without compensation, unless the payment of salaries to them Residence required.shall be approved by the Federal Farm Loan Board.
All officers and directors except the secretary-treasurer shall, during their term of office, be bona fide residents of the territory within which the association is authorized to do business, and shall be shareholders of the association. Secretary-treasurer.Duties specified.It shall be the duty of the secretary-treasurer of every national farm loan association to act as custodian of its funds and to deposit the same in such bank as the board of directors may designate, to pay over to borrowers all sums received for their account from the Federal land bank upon first mortgage as in this Act prescribed, and to meet all other obligations of the association, subject to the orders of the board of directors and in accordance with the by-laws of the association.
It shall be the duty of the secretary-treasurer, acting under the direction of the national farm loan association, to collect, receipt for, and transmit to the Federal land bank payments of interest, amortization installments, or principal arising out of loans made through the association. He shall be the custodian of the securities, records, papers, certificates of stock, and all documents relating to or Surety bond.bearing upon the conduct of the affairs of the association.
He shall furnish a suitable surety bond to be prescribed and approved by the Federal Farm Loan Board for the proper performance of the duties imposed upon him under this Act, which shall cover prompt collection Reports, information, etc., to be made by.and transmission of funds. He shall make a quarterly report to the Federal Farm Loan Board upon forms to be provided for that purpose. Upon request from said board said secretary-treasurer shall furnish information regarding the condition of the national farm loan association for which he is acting, and he shall carry out all duly authorized orders of said board.
He shall assure himself from time to time that the loans made through the national farm loan association of which he is an officer are applied to the purposes set forth in the application of the borrower as approved, and shall forthwith report to the land bank of the district any failure of any borrower to comply with the terms of his application or mortgage. He shall also ascertain and report to said bank the amount of any delinquent taxes on land mortgaged to said bank and the name of the delinquent.
Payment of association expenses.The reasonable expenses of the secretary-treasurer, the loan committee, and other officers and agents of national farm loan associations, and the salary of the secretary-treasurer, shall be paid from the general funds of the association, and the board of directors is authorized to set aside such sums as it shall deem requisite for that purpose Assessment.and for other expenses of said association. When no such funds are available, the board of directors may levy an assessment on members in proportion to the amount of stock held by each, which may be Advances from land banks.repaid as soon as funds are available, or it may secure an advance from the Federal land bank of the district, to be repaid with interest at the rate of six per centum per annum, from dividends belonging to said association.
Said Federal land bank is hereby authorized to make such advance and to deduct such repayment. Formation of associations.*Post*, p. 370.Ten or more natural persons who are the owners, or about to become the owners, of farm land qualified as security for a mortgage loan under section twelve of this Act, may unite to form a national 367farm loan association. They shall organize subject to the requirements*Ante*, p. 362. and the conditions specified in this section and in section four of this Act, so far as the same may be applicable: *Provided*, That*Proviso*.Directors, etc. the board of directors may consist of five members only, and instead of a secretary and a treasurer there shall be a secretary-treasurer, who need not be a shareholder of the association.
When the articles of association are forwarded to the Federal landApplication through district land bank. bank of the district as provided in this section, they shall be accompanied by the written report of the loan committee as required in section ten of this Act, and by an affidavit stating that each of theAffidavit of qualification. subscribers is the owner, or is about to become the owner, of farm land qualified under section twelve of this Act as the basis of a mortgage loan; that the loan desired by each person is not more than $10,000, nor less than $100, and that the aggregate of the desired loans is not less than $20,000; that said affidavit is accompanied bySubscription to bank stock, etc. a subscription to stock in the Federal land bank equal to five per centum of the aggregate sum desired on mortgage loans; and that a temporary organization of said association has been formed by the election of a board of directors, a loan committee, and a secretary treasurer who subscribes to said affidavit, giving his residence and post office address.
Upon receipt of such articles of association, with the accompanyingAction of land bank. affidavit and stock subscription, the directors of said Federal land bank shall send an appraiser to investigate the solvency and character of the applicants and the value of their lands, and shall then determine whether in their judgment a charter should be granted to such association. They shall forward such articles of association and theTransmittal to board. accompanying affidavit to the Federal Farm Loan Board with their recommendation.
If said recommendation is unfavorable, the charter shall be refused. If said recommendation is favorable, the Federal Farm Loan BoardIssue of charter. shall thereupon grant a charter to the applicants therefor, designating the territory in which such association may make loans, and shall forward said charter to said applicants through said Federal land bank: *Provided*, That said Federal Farm Loan Board may for*Proviso*.Discretion of Board. good cause shown in any case refuse to grant a charter.
Upon receipt of its charter such national farm loan associationCharter powers. shall be authorized and empowered to receive from the Federal land bank of the district sums to be loaned to its members under the terms and conditions of this Act. Whenever any national farm loan association shall desire to secureSubscriptions to land bank stock to secure loans. for any member a loan on first mortgage from the Federal land bank of its district it shall subscribe for capital stock of said land bank to the amount of five per centum of such loan, such subscription to be paid in cash upon the granting of the loan by said land bank.
Such capital stock shall be held by said land bank as collateralHeld as collateral. security for the payment of said loan, but said association shall be paid any dividends accruing and payable on said capital stock while it is outstanding. Such stock may, in the discretion of the directors,Retirement on payment. and with the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board, be paid off at par and retired, and it shall be so paid off and retired upon full payment of the mortgage loan. In such case the national farm loanAssociation stock. association shall pay off at par and retire the corresponding shares of its stock which were issued when said land bank stock was issued.
The capital stock of a Federal land bank shall not be reduced to anReduction of bank capital restricted. amount less than five per centum of the principal of the outstanding farm loan bonds issued by it. capital stock of national farm loan associations.Stock of farm loan associations. Sec. 8. That the shares in national farm loan associations shall bePar value. of the par value of $5 each. 368 Voting privileges.Every shareholder shall be entitled to one vote on each share of stock held by him at all elections of directors and in deciding all *Proviso*.Maximum.questions at meetings of shareholders:
Provided, That the maximum number of votes which may be cast by any one shareholder shall be twenty. Limited to borrowers.No persons but borrowers on farm land mortgages shall be members or shareholders of national farm loan associations. Any person Subscription requirements.desiring to borrow on farm land mortgage through a national farm loan association shall make application for membership and shall subscribe for shares of stock in such farm loan association to an amount equal to five per centum of the face of the desired loan, said Issue and redemption.subscription to be paid in cash upon the granting of the loan.
If the application for membership is accepted and the loan is granted, the applicant shall, upon full payment therefor, become the owner of one share of capital stock in said loan association for each $100 of the face of his loan, or any major fractional part thereof. Said capital stock shall be paid off at par and retired upon full payment of said Held as collateral for loans.loan. Said capital stock snail be held by said association as collateral security for the payment of said loan, but said borrower shall be paid any dividends accruing and payable on said capital stock while it is outstanding.
Increase for additional loans.Every national farm loan association formed under this Act shall by its articles of association provide for an increase of its capital stock from time to time for the purpose of securing additional loans for its members and providing for the issue of shares to borrowers in accordance with the provisions of this Act. Such increases shall be included in the quarterly reports to the Federal Farm Loan Board. Special provisions.national farm loan associations.—special provisions.
Sec. 9. Loans on farm mortgages.Applications.*Supra*. That any person whose application for membership is accepted by a national farm loan association shall be entitled to borrow money on farm land mortgage upon filing his application in accordance with section eight and otherwise complying with the terms of this Act whenever the Federal land bank of the district has funds available for that purpose, unless said land bank or the Federal Farm Loan Board shall, in its discretion, otherwise determine.
Payment for stock may be included in loans.Any person desiring to secure a loan through a national farm loan association under the provisions of this Act may, at his option, borrow from the Federal land bank through such association the sum necessary to pay for shares of stock subscribed for by him in the national farm loan association, such sum to be made a part of the face of the *Proviso*.Limit.loan and paid off in amortization payments: *Provided, however*, That such addition to the loan -shall not be permitted to increase said loan above the limitation imposed in subsection fifth of section twelve.
Commission on loans allowed land associations.Subject to rules and regulations prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board, any national farm loan association shall be entitled to retain as a commission from each interest payment on any loan indorsed by it an amount to be determined by said board not to exceed one-eighth of one per centum semiannually upon the unpaid principal of said loan, any amounts so retained as commissions to be deducted from dividends payable to such farm loan association by the Federal land bank, and to make application to the land bank of the district for loans not exceeding in the aggregate one-fourth of Loans allowed.its total stock holdings in said land bank.
The Federal land banks shall have power to make such loans to associations applying therefor and to charge interest at a rate not exceeding six per centum per annum. 369 Shareholders of every national farm, loan association shall be heldResponsibility of shareholders. individually responsible, equally and ratably, and not one for another, for all contracts, debts, and engagements of such association to the extent of the amount of stock owned by them at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount paid in and represented by their shares.
After a charter has been granted to a national farm loan association,Requirements of applicants for loans.*Post*, p. 370. any natural person who is the owner, or about to become the owner, of farm land qualified under section twelve of this Act as the basis of a mortgage loan, and who desires to borrow on a mortgage of such farm land, may become a member of the association by a two-thirds vote of the directors upon subscribing for one share of the capital stock of such association for each $100 of the face of his proposed loan or any major fractional part thereof.
He shall at the same time file with the secretary-treasurer his application for a mortgage loan, giving the particulars required by section twelve of this Act. appraisal.Appraisal. Sec. 10. That whenever an application for a mortgage loan isAction of loan committee on applications for loans.*Ante*,p. 366. made to a national farm loan association, it shall be first referred to the loan committee provided for in section seven of this Act. Said loan committee shall examine the land which is offered as security for the desired loan and shall make a detailed written report signed by all three members, giving the appraisal of said land as determined by them, and such other information as may be required by rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board.
No loan shall be approved by the directors unless said loan committeeApproval required. agrees upon a favorable report. The written report of said loan committee shall be submitted to theSubmission to land bank. Federal land bank, together with the application for the loan, and the directors of said land bank shall examine said written report when they pass upon the loan application which it accompanies, but they shall not be bound by said appraisal. Before any mortgage loan is made by any Federal land bank, orReport, etc., of bank appraisers. joint stock land bank, it shall refer the application and written report of the loan committee to one or more of the land bank appraisers appointed under the authority of section three of this Act, and such*Ante*, p. 361. appraiser or appraisers shall investigate and make a written report upon the land offered as security for said loan.
No such loan shall be made by said land bank unless said written report is favorable. Forms for appraisal reports for farm loan associations and landForms. banks shall be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Land bank appraisers shall make such examinations and appraisalsDuties of appraisers. and conduct such investigations, concerning farm loan bonds find first mortgages, as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall direct. No borrower under this Act shall be eligible as an appraiser underBorrowers disqualified as appraisers. this section, but borrowers may act as members of a loan committee in any case where they are not personally interested in the loan under consideration.
When any member of a loan committee or of a board of directors is interested, directly or indirectly, in a loan, a majority of the board of directors of any national farm loan association shall appoint a substitute to act in his place in passing upon such loan. powers of national farm loan associations.Powers of farm loan associations. Sec. 11. That every national farm loan association shall haveDesignated. power: First. To indorse, and thereby become liable for the payment of,Indorse mortgages of shareholders. mortgages taken from its shareholders by the Federal land bank of its district. 370 Deliver funds to borrowers.Second.
To receive from the Federal land bank of its district funds advanced by said land bank, and to deliver said funds to its shareholders on receipt of first mortgages qualified under section twelve of this Act. Acquire, etc., property.Third. To acquire and dispose of such property, real or personal, as may be necessary or convenient for the transaction of its business. Issue certificates of deposit.Fourth. To issue certificates against deposits of current funds bearing interest for not longer than one year at not to exceed four per centum per annum after six days from date, convertible into farm loan bonds when presented at the Federal land bank of the district in the Use of deposits.amount of $25 or any multiple thereof.
Such deposits, when received, shall be forthwith transmitted to said land bank, and be invested by it in the purchase of farm loan bonds issued by a Federal land bank or in first mortgages as defined by this Act. Loan restrictions.restrictions on loans based on first mortgages. Sec. 12. Specified conditions. That no Federal land bank organized under this Act shall make loans except upon the following terms and conditions: To first mortgages.First. Said loans shall be secured by duly recorded first mortgages on farm land within the land bank district in which the bank is situated.
Amortization agreements required.Details.Second. Every such mortgage shall contain an agreement providing for the repayment of the loan on an amortization plan by means of a fixed number of annual or semiannual installments sufficient to cover, first, a charge on the loan, at a rate not exceeding the interest rate in the last series of farm loan bonds issued by the land bank making the loan; second, a charge for administration and profits at a rate not exceeding one per centum per annum on the unpaid principal, said two rates combined constituting the interest rate on the mortgage; and, third, such amounts to be applied on the principal as will extinguish the debt within an agreed period, not less than five years nor *Provisos*.Advance payments.more than forty years: *Provided*, That after five years from the date upon which loan is made additional payments in sums of $25 or any multiple thereof for the reduction of the principal, or the payment of the entire principal, may be made on any regular installment date under the rules and regulations of the Federal Farm Loan Board:
Determination of interest.*And provided further*, That before the first issue of farm loan bonds by any land bank the interest rate on mortgages may be determined in the discretion of said land bank subject to the provisions and limitations of this Act. Rate of interest.Third. No loan on mortgage shall be made under this Act at a rate of interest exceeding six per centum per annum, exclusive of amortization payments. Purposes.Fourth. Such loans may be made for the following purposes and for no other:
Purchase of land.(a) To provide for the purchase of land for agricultural uses. Equipment, live stock, etc.(b) To provide for the purchase of equipment, fertilizers and live stock necessary for the proper and reasonable operation of the mortgaged farm; the term “equipment” to be defined by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Improvement, etc.(c) To provide buildings and for the improvement of farm lands; the term “improvement” to be defined by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Payment of existing debts.(d) To liquidate indebtedness of the owner of the land mortgaged, existing at the time of the organization of the first national farm loan association established in or for the county in which the land mortgaged is situated, or indebtedness subsequently incurred for purposes mentioned in this section. 371 Fifth.
No such loan shall exceed fifty per centum of the value ofLimitation on value of property mortgaged. the land mortgaged and twenty per centum of the value of the permanent, insured improvements thereon, said value to be ascertained by appraisal, as provided in section ten of this Act. In making saidBasis of appraisal. appraisal the value of the land for agricultural purposes shall be the basis of appraisal and the earning power of said land shall be a principal factor. A reappraisal may be permitted at any time in the discretion of theReappraisal for additional loans.
Federal land bank, and such additional loan may be granted as such reappraisal will warrant under the provisions of this paragraph. Whenever the amount of the loan applied for exceeds the amount that may be loaned under the appraisal as herein limited, such loan may be granted to the amount permitted under the terms of this paragraph without requiring a new application or appraisal. Sixth. No such loan shall be made to any person who is not at theTo cultivators of land mortgaged. time, or shortly to become, engaged in the cultivation of the farm mortgaged.
In case of the sale of the mortgaged land, the Federal land bank may permit said mortgage and the stock interests of the vendor to be assumed by the purchaser. In case of the death of the mortgagor, his heir or heirs, or his legal representative or representatives, shall have the option, within sixty days of such death, to assume the mortgage and stock interests of the deceased. Seventh. The amount of loans to any one borrower shall in no caseAmounts limited. exceed a maximum of $10,000, nor shall any loan be for a less sum than $100.
Eighth. Every applicant for a loan under the terms of this Act shallUse of prescribed forms, etc. make application on a form to be prescribed for that purpose by the Federal Farm Loan Board, and such applicant shall state the objects to which the proceeds of said loan are to be applied, and shall afford such other information as may be required. Ninth. Every borrower shall pay simple interest on defaulted paymentsPayment of taxes, liens, etc. at the rate of eight per centum per annum, and by express covenant in his mortgage deed shall undertake to pay when due all taxes, liens, judgments, or assessments which may be lawfully assessed against the land mortgaged.
Taxes, liens, judgments, or assessments not paid when due, and paid by the mortgagee, shall become a part of the mortgage debt and shall bear simple interest at the rate of eight per centum per annum. Every borrower shall undertakeInsurance required. to keep insured to the satisfaction of the Federal Farm Loan Board all buildings the value of which was a factor in determining the amount of the loan. Insurance shall be made payable to the mortgagee as its interest may appear at time of loss, and, at the option of the mortgagor and subject to general regulations of the Federal Farm Loan Board, sums so received may be used to pay for reconstruction of the buildings destroyed.
Tenth. Every borrower who shall be granted a loan under the provisionsAgreement to use loan only as specified. of this Act shall enter into an agreement, in form and under conditions to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board, that if the whole or any portion of his loan shall be expended for purposes other than those specified in his original application, or if the borrower shall be in default in respect to any condition or covenant of the mortgage, the whole of said loan shall, at the option of the mortgagee, become due and payable forthwith: *Provided*, That the borrower may*Proviso*.Payment for association stock, etc. use part of said loan to pay for his stock in the farm loan association, and the land bank holding such mortgage may permit said loan to be used for any purpose specified in subsection fourth of this section.
Eleventh. That no loan or the mortgage securing the same shall beValidity of loan. impaired or invalidated by reason of the exercise of any power by any Federal land bank or national farm loan association in excess of the powers herein granted or any limitations thereon. 372 Funds transmitted by banks.Funds transmitted to farm loan associations by Federal land banks to be loaned to its members shall be in current funds, or farm loan bonds, at the option of the borrower. Federal land banks.powers of federal land banks.
Sec. 13. Powers specified. That every Federal land bank shall have power, subject to the limitations and requirements of this Act— Issue, etc., of bonds.First. To issue, subject to the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board, and to sell farm loan bonds of the kinds authorized in this Act, to buy the same for its own account, and to retire the same at or before maturity. Purchase of mortgages.Second. To invest such funds as may be in its possession in the purchase of qualified first mortgages on farm lands situated within the Federal land bank district within which it is organized or for which it is acting.
Deposit mortgages as collateral for bond issue.Third. To receive and to deposit in trust with the farm loan registrar for the district, to be by him held as collateral security for farm loan bonds, first mortgages upon farm land qualified under section twelve of this Act, and to empower national farm loan associations, or duly authorized agents, to collect and immediately pay over to said land banks the dues, interest, amortization installments and other sums payable under the terms, conditions, and covenants of the mortgages and of the bonds secured thereby.
Property holdings.Fourth. To acquire and dispose of— For business purposes.(a) Such property, real or personal, as may be necessary or convenient for the transaction of its business, which, however, may be in part leased to others for revenue purposes. Real estate, temporarily.(b) Parcels of land acquired in satisfaction of debts or purchased at sales under judgments, decrees, or mortgages held by it. But no such bank shall hold title and possession of any real estate purchased or acquired to secure any debt due to it, for a longer period than five years, except with the special approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board in writing.
Deposit in Federal member banks.Fifth. To deposit its securities, and its current funds subject to check, with any member bank of the Federal Reserve System, and to receive interest on the same as may be agreed. Accept deposits from loan associations.Sixth. To accept deposits of securities or of current funds from national farm loan associations holding its shares, but to pay no interest on such deposits. Borrow money.Seventh. To borrow money, to give security therefor, and to pay interest thereon.
Deal in bonds.Eighth. To buy and sell United States bonds. Charge fees, etc., to borrowers.Ninth. To charge applicants for loans and borrowers, under rules and regulations promulgated by the Federal Farm Loan Board, reasonable fees not exceeding the actual cost of appraisal and determination of title. Legal fees and recording charges imposed by law in the State where the land to be mortgaged is located may also be included in the preliminary costs of negotiating mortgage loans.
The borrower may pay such fees and charges or he may arrange with the Federal land bank making the loan to advance the same, in which case said expenses shall be made a part of the face of the loan and paid off in amortization payments. Such addition to the loan shall not be permitted to increase said loan above the limitations provided in section twelve. Bank restrictions.restrictions on federal land banks. Sec. 14. Designated. That no Federal land bank shall have power— Other banking business.First.
To accept deposits of current funds payable upon demand except from its own stockholders, or to transact any banking or 373other business not expressly authorized by the provisions of this Act. Second. To loan on first mortgage except through national farmLoan except through associations. loan associations as provided in section seven and section eight of this Act, or through agents as provided in section fifteen. Third. To accept any mortgages on real estate except first mortgagesAccept other than first mortgages. created subject to all limitations imposed by section twelve of this Act, and those taken as additional security for existing loans.
Fourth. To issue or obligate itself for outstanding farm loan bondsExceed maximum bond issue. in excess of twenty times the amount of its capital and surplus, or to receive from any national farm loan association additional mortgages when the principal remaining unpaid upon mortgages already received from such association shall exceed twenty times the amount of its capital stock owned by such association. Fifth. To demand or receive, under any form or pretense, anyUnauthorized commissions, etc. commission or charge not specifically authorized in this Act. agents of federal land banks.Land bank agents.
Sec. 15. That whenever, after this Act shall have been in effectLoans through, where no association formed. one year, it shall appear to the Federal Farm Loan Board that national farm loan associations have not been formed, and are not likely to be formed, in any locality, because of peculiar local conditions, said board may, in its discretion, authorize Federal land banks to make loans on farm lands through agents approved by said board. Such loans shall be subject to the same conditions and restrictionsStock ownership in land bank required. as if the same were made through national farm loan associations, and each borrower shall contribute five per centum of the amount of his loan to the capital of the Federal land bank, and shall become the owner of as much capital stock of the land bank as such contribution shall warrant.
No agent other than a duly incorporated bank, trust company,Restrictions. mortgage company, or savings institution, chartered by the State in which it has its principal office, shall be employed under the provisions of this section. Federal land banks may pay to such agents the actual expense ofPayment for appraisal, etc. appraising the land offered as security for a loan, examining and certifying the title thereof, and making, executing, and recording the mortgage papers; and in addition may allow said agents not to exceed one-half of one per centum per annum upon the unpaid principal of said loan, such commission to be deducted from dividends payable to the borrower on his stock in the Federal land bank.
Actual expenses paid to agents under the provisions of this sectionExpenses allowed. shall be added to the face of the loan and paid off in amortization payments subject to the limitations provided in subsection ninth of section thirteen of this Act. Said agents, when required by the Federal land banks, shallCollection of interest, etc. collect and forward to such banks without charge all interest and amortization payments on loans indorsed by them. Any agent negotiating any such loan shall indorse the same andIndorsement of mortgages, etc. become liable for the payment thereof, and for any default by the mortgagor, on the same terms and under the same penalties as if the loan had been originally made by said agent as principal and sold by said agent to said land bank, but the aggregate of the unpaid principal of mortgage loans received from any such agent shall not exceed ten times its capital and surplus.
If at any time the district represented by any agent under theTermination of agency. provisions of this section shall, in the judgment of the Federal Farm Loan Board, be adequately served by national farm loan associations, no further loans shall be negotiated therein by agents under this section. 374 Joint stock land banks.joint stock land banks. Sec. 16. Formation of authorized. That corporations, to be known as joint stock land banks, for carrying on the business of lending on farm mortgage security and issuing farm loan bonds, may be formed by any number of natural persons not less than ten.
They shall be organized subject to the requirements and under the conditions set forth in section four of *Ante*, p. 362.*Proviso*.Directors.this Act, so far as the same may be applicable: *Provided*, That the board of directors of every joint stock land bank shall consist of not less than five members. Responsibility of shareholders.Shareholders of every joint stock land bank organized under this Act shall be held individually responsible, equally and ratably, and not one for another, for all contracts, debts, and engagements of such bank to the extent of the amount of stock owned by them at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount paid in and represented by their shares.
General powers, etc.Except as otherwise provided, joint stock land banks shall have the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions and conditions imposed on, Federal land banks by this Act, so far as such restrictions *Proviso*.No Government ownership in.and conditions are applicable: *Provided, however*, That the Government of the United States shall not purchase or subscribe for any of the capital stock of any such bank; and each shareholder of any such bank shall have the same voting privileges as holders of shares in national banking associations.
Bond issue limit.No joint stock land bank shall have power to issue or obligate itself for outstanding farm loan bonds in excess of fifteen times the Business restrictions.amount of its capital and surplus, or to receive deposits or to transact any banking or other business not expressly authorized by the provisions of this Act. Capital required.No joint stock land bank shall be authorized to do business until capital stock to the amount of at least $250,000 has been subscribed, one-half thereof paid in cash and the balance subject to call by the board of directors, and a charter has been issued to it by the Federal Farm Loan Board.
Issue of bonds.No joint stock land bank shall issue any bonds until after the capital stock is entirely paid up. Distinctive form, etc.Farm loan bonds issued by joint stock land banks shall be so engraved as to be readily distinguished in form and color from farm loan bonds issued by Federal land banks, and shall otherwise bear such distinguishing marks as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall direct. Exemptions.*Post*, p. 375.*Ante*, pp. 370, 371.Joint stock land banks shall not be subject to the provisions of subsection
(b)of section seventeen of this Act as to interest rates on mortgage loans or farm loan bonds, nor to the provisions of subsections first, fourth, sixth, seventh, and tenth of section twelve as to *Proviso*.Loans restricted.restrictions on mortgage loans: *Provided, however*, That no loans shall be made which are not secured by first mortgages on farm lands within the State in which such joint stock land bank has its principal office, or within some one State contiguous to such State. Such joint stock land banks shall be subject to all other restrictions on mortgage loans imposed on Federal land banks in section twelve of this Act. Interest allowed.Joint stock land banks shall in no case charge a rate of interest on farm loans exceeding by more than one per centum the rate of interest established for the last series of farm loan bonds issued by them. Unauthorized charges forbidden.Joint stock land banks shall in no case demand or receive, under any form or pretense, any commission or charge not specifically authorized in this Act. Authority to issue bonds.Requirements.Each joint stock land bank organized under this Act shall have authority to issue bonds based upon mortgages taken by it in accordance with the terms of this Act. Such bonds shall be in form pre-375scribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board, and it shall be stated in such bonds that such bank is organized under section sixteen of this Act, is under Federal supervision, and operates under the provisions of this Act. powers of federal farm loan board.Farm Loan Board. Sec. 17. That the Federal Farm Loan Board shall have power—Powers designated.
(a)To organize and charter Federal land banks, and to charterCharter, etc., land banks and loan asssociations. national farm loan associations and joint stock land banks subject to the provisions of this Act, and in its discretion to authorize them to increase their capital stock.
(b)To review and alter at its discretion the rate of interest to beMake interest rates. charged by Federal land banks for loans made by them under the provisions of this Act, said rates to be uniform so far as practicable.
(c)To grant or refuse to Federal land banks, or joint stock landDetermine issue of bonds. banks, authority to make any specific issue of farm loan bonds.
(d)To make rules and regulations respecting the charges made toCharges to borrowers. borrowers on loans under this Act for expenses in appraisal, determination of title, and recording.
(e)To require reports and statements of condition and to makeReports from banks, etc. examinations of all banks or associations doing business under the provisions of this Act.
(f)To prescribe the form and terms of farm loan bonds, and thePrescribe forms of bonds. form, terms, and penal sums of all surety bonds required under this Act and of such other surety bonds as they shall deem necessary, such surety bonds to cover financial loss as well as faithful performance of duty.
(g)To require Federal land banks to pay forthwith to any FederalPayments by banks. land bank their equitable proportion of any sums advanced by said land bank to pay the coupons of any other land bank, basing said required payments on the amount of farm loan bonds issued by each land bank and actually outstanding at the time of such requirement.
(h)To suspend or to remove for cause any district director or anySuspend, etc., officials. registrar, appraiser, examiner, or other official appointed by said board under authority of section three of this Act, the cause of such suspension or removal to be communicated forthwith in writing by the Federal Farm Loan Board to the person suspended or removed, and in case of a district director to the proper Federal land bank.
(i)To exercise general supervisory authority over the FederalSupervisory authority. land banks, the national farm loan associations, and the joint stock land banks herein provided for.
(j)To exercise such incidental powers as shall be necessary orIncidental powers. requisite to fulfill its duties and carry out the purposes of this Act. applications for farm loan bonds.Farm loan bonds. Sec. 18. That any Federal land bank, or joint stock land bank,Applications by banks for issue of. which shall have voted to issue farm loan bonds under this Act, shall make written application to the Federal Farm Loan Board, through the farm loan registrar of the district, for approval of such issue. With said application said land bank shall tender to said farm loanCollateral required. registrar as collateral security first mortgages on farm lands qualified under the provisions of section twelve, section fifteen, or section*Ante*, pp. 370, 373, 374. sixteen of this Act, or United States Government bonds, not less in aggregate amount than the sum of the bonds proposed to be issued. Said bank shall furnish with such mortgages a schedule containing a description thereof and such further information as may be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Upon receipt of such application said farm loan registrar shallTransmittal, etc., by registrar to Board. verify said schedule and shall transmit said application and said 376schedule to the Federal Farm Loan Board, giving such further information pertaining thereto as he may possess. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall forthwith cause to be made such investigation and appraisement of the securities tendered as it shall deem wise, and it shall grant in whole or in part, or reject entirely, such application. Decision by Board, etc.The Federal Farm Loan Board shall promptly transmit its decision as to any issue of farm loan bonds to the land bank applying for the same and to the farm loan registrar of the district. Said registrar shall furnish, in writing, such information regarding any issue of farm loan bonds as the Federal Farm Loan Board may at any time require. Written approval.No issue of farm loan bonds shall be authorized unless the Federal Farm Loan Board shall approve such issue in writing. issue of farm loan bonds. Sec. 19. Delivery to banks. That whenever any farm loan registrar shall receive from the Federal Farm Loan Board notice that it has approved any issue of farm loan bonds under the provisions of section eighteen he shall forthwith take such steps as may be necessary, in accordance with the provisions of this Act, to insure the prompt execution of said bonds and the delivery of the same to the land bank applying therefor. Return of collateral if issue denied.Whenever the Federal Farm Loan Board shall reject entirely any application for an issue of farm loan bonds, the first mortgages and bonds tendered to the farm loan registrar as collateral security therefor shall be forthwith returned to said land bank by him. Registrar to retain collateral if approved.Whenever the Federal Farm Loan Board shall approve an issue of farm loan bonds, the farm loan registrar having the custody of the first mortgages and bonds tendered as collateral security for such issue of bonds shall retain in his custody those first mortgages and bonds which are to be held as collateral security, and shall return to the bank owning the same any of said mortgages and bonds which are not to be Trust assignment, etc.held by him as collateral security. The land bank which is to issue said farm loan bonds shall transfer to said registrar, by assignment, in trust, all first mortgages and bonds which are to be held by said registrar as collateral security, said assignment providing for the right of redemption at any time by payment as provided in this Act and reserving the right of substitution of other mortgages qualified Deposit as trustee.under sections twelve, fifteen, and sixteen of this Act. Said mortgages and bonds shall be deposited in such deposit vault or bank as the Federal Farm Loan Board shall approve, subject to the control of said registrar and in his name as trustee for the bank issuing the farm loan bonds and for the prospective holders of said farm loan bonds. Class of mortgages required.No mortgage shall be accepted by a farm loan registrar from a land bank as part of an offering to secure an issue of farm loan bonds, either originally or by substitution, except first mortgages made subject to the conditions prescribed in said sections twelve, fifteen, and sixteen. Sufficiency of collateral required.It shall be the duty of each farm loan registrar to see that the farm loan bonds delivered by him and outstanding do not exceed the amount of collateral security pledged therefor. Such registrar may, in his discretion, temporarily accept, in place of mortgages withdrawn, United States Government bonds or cash. Additional security.The Federal Farm Loan Board may, at any time, call upon any land bank for additional security to protect the bonds issued by it. 377 form of farm loan bonds.Form of bonds.4 Sec. 20. Denominations, terms, etc. That bonds provided for in this Act shall be issued inInterest rate. denominations of $25, $50, $100, $500, and $1,000; they shall run for specified minimum and maximum periods, subject to payment and retirement, at the option of the land bank, at any time after five years from the date of their issue. They shall have interest coupons attached, payable semiannually, and shall be issued in series of not less than $50,000, the amount and terms to be fixed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. They shall bear a rate of interest not to exceed five per centum per annum. The Federal Farm Loan Board shall prescribe rules and regulationsPayment, etc. concerning the circumstances and manner in which farm loan bonds shall be paid and retired under the provisions of this Act. Farm loan bonds shall be delivered through the registrar of theDelivery to bank. district to the bank applying for the same. In order to furnish farm loan bonds for delivery at the FederalPreparation, etc., at Treasury. land banks and joint stock land banks, the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to prepare suitable bonds in such form, subject to the provisions of this Act, as the Federal Farm Loan Board may approve, such bonds when prepared to be held in the Treasury subject to delivery upon order of the Federal Farm Loan Board. TheCustody of plates, etc. engraved plates, dies, bed-pieces, and so forth, executed in connection therewith shall remain in the custody of the Secretary of the Treasury. Any expenses incurred in the preparation, custody, andExpenses. delivery of such farm loan bonds shall be paid by the Secretary of the Treasury from any funds in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated: *Provided, however*, That the Secretary shall be reimbursed for*Proviso*.Reimbursement. such expenditures by the Federal Farm Loan Board through assessment upon the farm land banks in proportion to the work executed. They may be exchanged into registered bonds of any amount, andExchanges of coupon and registered. reexchanged into coupon bonds, at the option of the holder, under rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. special provisions of farm loan bonds.Special bond provisions. Sec. 21. That each land bank shall be bound in all respects by theResponsibility of banks. acts of its officers in signing and issuing farm loan bonds, and by the acts of the Federal Farm Loan Board in authorizing their issue. Every Federal land bank issuing farm loan bonds shall be primarilyLiability of issuing banks. liable therefor, and shall also be liable, upon presentation of farm loan bond coupons, for interest payments due upon any farm loan bonds issued by other Federal land banks and remaining unpaid in consequence of the default of such other land banks; and every such bank shall likewise be liable for such portion of the principal of farm loan bonds so issued as shall not be paid after the assets of any such other land banks shall have been liquidated and distributed: *Provided*, That such losses, if any, either of interest or of principal,*Proviso*.Assessment of losses. shall be assessed, by the Federal Farm Loan Board against solvent land banks liable therefor in proportion to the amount of farm loan bonds which each may have outstanding at the time of such assessment. Every Federal land bank shall by appropriate action of its boardRecord of obligations. of directors, duly recorded in its minutes, obligate itself to become liable on farm loan bonds as provided in this section. Every farm loan bond issued by a Federal land bank shall beForm requisites. signed by its president and attested by its secretary, and shall contain in the face thereof a certificate signed by the Farm Loan Commissioner to the effect that it is issued under the authority of the Federal Farm Loan Act, has the approval in form and issue of the Federal 378Farm Loan Board, and is legal and regular in all respects; that it is not taxable by National, State, municipal, or local authority; that it is issued against collateral security of United States Government bonds, or indorsed first mortgages on farm lands, at least equal in amount to the bonds issued; and that all Federal land banks are liable for the payment of each bond. Amortization and interest payments.application of amortization and interest payments. Sec. 22. All payments credited on mortgages. That whenever any Federal land bank, or joint stock land bank, shall receive any interest, amortization or other payments upon any first mortgage or bond pledged as collateral security for the issue of farm loan bonds, it shall forthwith notify the farm loan registrar of the items so received. Said registrar shall forthwith cause such payment to be duly credited upon the mortgage entitled to such credit. Whenever any such mortgage is paid in full, said Cancellation, etc., when paid in full.registrar shall cause the same to be canceled and delivered to the proper land bank, which shall promptly satisfy and discharge the lien of record and transmit such canceled mortgage to the original maker thereof, or his heirs, administrators, executors, or assigns. Substitution of collateral security.Upon written application by any Federal land bank, or joint stock land bank, to the farm loan registrar, it may be permitted, in the discretion of said registrar, to withdraw any mortgages or bonds pledged as collateral security under this Act, and to substitute therefor other similar mortgages or United States Government bonds not less in amount than the mortgages or bonds desired to be withdrawn. Bonds, coupons, etc., payable by issuing bank.Whenever any farm loan bonds, or coupons or interest payments of such bonds, are due under their terms, they shall be payable at the land bank by which they were issued, in gold or lawful money, and At other banks.upon payment shall be duly canceled by said bank. At the discretion of the Federal Farm Loan Board, payment of any farm loan bond or coupon or interest payment may, however, be authorized to be made at any Federal land bank, any joint stock land bank, or any other bank, under rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Withdrawal of security on delivery of bonds.When any land bank shall surrender to the proper farm loan registrar any farm loan bonds of any series, canceled or uncanceled, said land bank shall be entitled to withdraw first mortgages and bonds pledged as collateral security for any of said series of farm loan bonds to an amount equal to the farm loan bonds so surrendered, and it shall be the duty of said registrar to permit and direct the delivery of such mortgages and bonds to such land bank. Disposal of interest on mortgages.Interest payments on hypothecated first mortgages shall be at the disposal of the land bank pledging the same, and shall be available for the payment of coupons and the interest of farm loan bonds as they become due. Face value of bonds, etc., to be paid.Whenever any bond matures, or the interest on any registered bond is due, or the coupon on any coupon bond matures, and the same shall be presented for payment as provided in this Act, the full face value thereof shall be paid to the holder. Disposal of amortization, etc., payments.Amortization and other payments on the principal of first mortgages held by a farm loan registrar as collateral security for the issue of farm loan bonds shall constitute a trust fund in the hands of the Federal land bank or joint stock land bank receiving the same, and shall be applied or employed as follows: By Federal land banks.In the case of a Federal land bank—
(a)To pay off farm loan bonds issued by said bank as they mature.
(b)To purchase at or below par farm loan bonds issued by said bank or by any other Federal land bank. 379
(c)To loan on first mortgages on farm lands within the land bank district, qualified under this Act as collateral security for an issue of farm loan bonds.
(d)To purchase United States Government bonds. In the case of a joint stock land bank—By joint stock land banks.
(a)To pay off farm loan bonds issued by said bank as they mature.
(b)To purchase at or below par farm loan bonds.
(c)To loan on first mortgages qualified under section sixteen of this Act.
(d)To purchase United States Government bonds. The farm loan bonds, first mortgages, United States Government bonds, or cash constituting the trust fund aforesaid, shall be forthwith deposited with the farm loan registrar as substituted collateral security in place of the sums paid on the principal of indorsed mortgages held by him in trust. The farm loan bonds, first mortgages, United States GovernmentDeposit of proceeds. bonds, or cash constituting the trust fund aforesaid, shall be forthwith deposited with the farm loan registrar as substituted collateral security in place of the sums paid on the principal of indorsed mortgages held by him in trust. Every Federal land bank, or joint stock land bank, shall notify theNotice of disposition. farm loan registrar of the disposition of all payments made on the principal of mortgages held as collateral security for an issue of farm loan bonds, and said registrar is authorized, at his discretion, to order any of such payments, or the proceeds thereof, wherever deposited or however invested, to be immediately transferred to his account as trustee aforesaid. reserves and dividends of land banks.Bank reserves and dividends. Sec. 23. That every Federal land bank, and every joint stock landReserve account from earnings. bank, shall semiannually carry to reserve account twenty-five per centum of its net earnings until said reserve account shall show a credit balance equal to twenty per centum of the outstanding capital stock of said land bank. Whenever said reserve shall have beenBalance to be kept. impaired, said balance of twenty per centum shall be fully restored before any dividends are paid. After said reserve has reached theAnnual additions. sum of twenty per centum of the outstanding capital stock, five per centum of the net earnings shall be annually added thereto. ForSuspense account. the period of two years from the date when any default occurs in the payment of the interest, amortization installments, or principal on any first mortgage, by both mortgagor and indorser, the amount so defaulted shall be carried to a suspense account, and at the end of the two-year period specified, unless collected, shall be debited to reserve account. After deducting the twenty-five per centum or the five per centumPayment of dividends. hereinbefore directed to be deducted for credit to reserve account, any Federal land bank or joint stock land bank may declare a dividend to shareholders of the whole or any part of the balance of its net earnings. The reserves of land banks shall be invested in accordanceInvestment of reserves. with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. reserve and dividends of national farm loan associations.Loan association reserves and dividends. Sec. 24. That every national farm loan association shall, out ofReserve account from earnings. its net earnings, semiannually carry to reserve account a sum not less than ten per centum of such net earnings until said reserve account shall snow a credit balance equal to twenty per centum of the outstanding capital stock of said association. Whenever said reserve shall have been impaired, said credit balanceBalance to be kept. of twenty per centum shall be fully restored before any dividends are paid. After said reserve has reached said sum of twenty perAnnual additions. centum, two per centum of the net earnings shall be annually added thereto. 380 Dividends.After deducting the ten per centum or the two per centum hereinbefore directed to be credited to reserve account, said association may, at its discretion, declare a dividend to shareholders of the whole or any part of the balance of said net earnings. Investment of reserves.The reserves of farm loan associations shall be invested in accordance with rules and regulations to be prescribed by the Federal Farm Loan Board. Payment by bank on liquidation.Whenever any farm loan association shall be voluntarily liquidated a sum equal to its reserve account as herein required shall be paid to and become the property of the Federal land bank in which such loan association may be a shareholder. Defaulted loans.defaulted loans. Sec. 25. Notice to association. That if there shall be default under the terms of any indorsed first mortgage held by a Federal land bank under the provisions of this Act, the national farm loan association or agent through which said mortgage was received by said Federal land bank shall be Default to be made good.notified of said default. Said association or agent may thereupon be required, within thirty days after such notice, to make good said default, either by payment of the amount unpaid thereon in cash, or by the substitution of an equal amount of farm loan bonds issued by said land bank, with all unmatured coupons attached. Exemption from taxation.exemption from taxation. Sec. 26. Federal land banks and loan associations.*Post*, p. 767. That every Federal land bank and every national farm loan association, including the capital and reserve or surplus therein and the income derived therefrom, shall be exempt from Federal, State, municipal, and local taxation, except taxes upon real estate held, purchased, or taken by said bank or association under the provisions of section eleven and section thirteen of this Act. First Mortgages executed to.mortgages executed to Federal land banks, or to joint stock land banks, and farm loan bonds issued under the provisions of this Act, shall be deemed and held to be instrumentalities of the Government of the United States, and as such they and the income derived therefrom shall be exempt from Federal, State, municipal, and local taxation. Personal tax on joint stock bank sharesConditions.Nothing herein shall prevent the shares in any joint stock land bank from being included in the valuation of the personal property of the owner or holder of such shares, in assessing taxes imposed by authority of the State within which the bank is located; but such assessment and taxation shall be in manner and subject to the conditions [R. S., sec. 5219, p. 1009](/us/rs/s5219/p1009).and limitations contained in section fifty-two hundred and nineteen of the Revised Statutes with reference to the shares of national banking associations. Real estate taxable.Nothing herein shall be construed to exempt the real property of Federal and joint stock land banks and national farm loan associations from either State, county, or municipal taxes, to the same extent, according to its value, as other real property is taxed. Bonds.investment in farm loan bonds. Sec. 27. Acceptable for fiduciary investment, etc. That farm loan bonds issued under the provisions of this Act by Federal land banks or joint stock land banks shall be a lawful investment for all fiduciary and trust funds, and may be accepted as security for all public deposits. Federal member banks may deal in.Any member bank of the Federal Reserve System may buy and sell farm loan bonds issued under the authority of this Act. Limitation on Federal reserve banks.Vol. 38, p. 265.Any Federal reserve bank may buy and sell farm loan bonds issued under this Act to the same extent and subject to the same limitations 381placed upon the purchase and sale by said banks of State, county, district, and municipal bonds under subsection
(b)of section fourteen of the Federal Reserve Act approved December twenty-third, nineteen hundred and thirteen. examinations.Examinations. Sec. 28. That the Federal Farm Loan Board shall appoint as manyLand bank examiners authorized. land bank examiners as in its judgment may be required to make careful examinations of the banks and associations permitted to do business under this Act. Said examiners shall be subject to the same requirements, responsibilitiesDuties, authority, etc. and penalties as are applicable to national bank examiners under the national bank Act, the Federal Reserve Act and other provisions of law. Whenever directed by the Federal Farm Loan Board, said examiners shall examine the condition of any national farm loan association and report the same to the Farm Loan Commissioner. They shall examine and report the condition of every Federal land bank and joint stock land bank at least twice each year. Said examiners shall receive salaries to be fixed by the FederalSalaries. Farm Loan Board. dissolution and appointment of receivers.Dissolution of associations, etc. Sec. 29. That upon receiving satisfactory evidence that anyDeclaration of insolvency. national farm loan association has failed to meet its outstanding obligations of any description the Federal Farm Loan Board may forthwith declare such association insolvent and appoint a receiver and require of him such bond and security as it deems proper: *Provided*,*Proviso*.Extent of default necessary. That no national farm loan association shall be declared insolvent by said board until the total amount of defaults of current interest and amortization installments on loans indorsed by national farm loan associations shall amount to at least $150,000 in the Federal land bank district, unless such association shall have been in default for a period of two years. Such receiver, under the directionDuties of receiver. of the Federal Farm Loan Board, shall take possession of the books, records, and assets of every description of such association, collect all debts, dues, and claims belonging to it, and, with the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board, or upon the order of a court of record of competent jurisdiction, may sell or compound all bad or doubtful debts, and, on a like approval or order, may sell all the real and personal property of such association, on such terms as the Federal Farm Loan Board or said court shall direct. Such receiver shall pay over all money so collected to the TreasurerDeposit of moneys. of the United States, subject to the order of the Federal Farm Loan Board, and also make report to said board of all his acts and proceedings. The Secretary of the Treasury shall have authority toInterest allowed. deposit at interest any money so received. Upon default of any obligation, Federal land banks and jointApplication to land banks. stock land banks may be declared insolvent and placed in the hands of a receiver by the Federal Farm Loan Board, and proceedings shall thereupon be had in accordance with the provisions of this section regarding national farm loan associations. If any national farm loan association shall be declared insolventCancellation of bank stock. and a receiver shall be appointed therefor by the Federal Farm Loan Board, the stock held by it in the Federal land bank of its district shall be canceled without impairment of its liability and all paymentsApplication of payments thereon. on such stock, with accrued dividends, if any, since the date of the last dividend shall be first applied to all debts of the insolvent farm loan association to the Federal land bank and the balance, if any, 382*Proviso*Determination of contingent liabilities.shall be paid to the receiver of said farm loan association: *Provided*, That in estimating said debts contingent liabilities incurred by national farm loan associations under the provisions of this Act on account of default of principal or interest of indorsed mortgages shall be estimated and included as a debt, and said contingent liabilities shall be determined by agreement between the receiver and the Federal land bank of the district, subject to the approval of the Federal Farm Loan Board, and if said receiver and said land bank can not agree, then by the decision of the Farm Loan Commissioner, and the amount thus ascertained shall be deducted in accordance with the provisions of this section from the amount otherwise due Certificate of reduction of land bank capital.said national farm loan association for said canceled stock. Whenever the capital stock of a Federal land bank shall be reduced, the board of directors shall cause to be executed a certificate to the Federal Farm Loan Board, showing such reduction of capital stock, and, if said reduction shall be due to the insolvency of a national farm loan association, the amount repaid to such association. Voluntary liquidation, etc., restricted.No national farm loan association, Federal land bank or joint stock land bank shall go into voluntary liquidation without the written consent of the Federal Farm Loan Board, but national farm loan associations may consolidate under rules and regulations promulgated by the Federal Farm Loan Board. State legislation.state legislation. Sec. 30. Examination if loans on mortgages protected by. That it shall be the duty of the Farm Loan Commissioner to make examination of the laws of every State of the United States and to inform the Federal Farm Loan Board as rapidly as may be whether in his judgment the laws of each State relating to the conveying and recording of land titles, and the foreclosure of mortgages or other instruments securing loans, as well as providing homestead and other exemptions and granting the power to waive such exemptions as respects first mortgages, are such as to assure the holder thereof adequate safeguards against loss in the event of default on loans secured by any such mortgages. Declaration of ineligibility as basis of bond issue.Pending the making of such examination in the case of any State, the Federal Farm Loan Board may declare first mortgages on farm lands situated within such State ineligible as the basis for an issue of farm loan bonds; and if said examination shall show that the laws of any such State afford insufficient protection to the holder of first mortgages of the kinds provided in this Act, said Federal Farm Loan Board may declare said first mortgages on land situated in such State Legal assistance to ascertain.ineligible during the continuance of the laws in question. In making his examination of the laws of the several States and forming his conclusions thereon said Farm Loan Commissioner may call upon the office of the Attorney General of the United States for any needed legal advice or assistance, or may employ special counsel in any State where he considers such action necessary. Statement of requirements lacking.At the request of the Executive of any State the Federal Farm Loan Board shall prepare a statement setting forth in what respects the requirements of said board can not be complied with under the existing laws of such State. Penalties.penalties. Sec. 31. False valuations, etc. That any applicant for a loan under this Act who shall knowingly make any false statement in his application for such loan, and any member of a loan committee or any appraiser provided for in this Act who shall willfully overvalue any land offered as security for loans under this Act, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding 383$5,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. AnyLiabilities of examiners. examiner appointed under this Act who shall accept a loan or gratuity from any land bank or national farm loan association examined by him, or from any person connected with any such bank or association in any capacity, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $5,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, and may be fined a further sum equal to the money so loaned or gratuity given, and shall forever thereafter be disqualified from holding office as an examiner under the provisions of this Act. No examiner, while holding such office, shall perform any other service for compensation for any bank or banking or loan association, or for any person connected therewith in any capacity. Any person who shall falsely make, forge, or counterfeit, or causeCounterfeiting, etc., bonds. or procure to be falsely made, forged, or counterfeited, or willingly aid or assist in falsely making, forging, or counterfeiting any bond, coupon, or paper in imitation of, or purporting to be in imitation of, the bonds or coupons issued by any land bank or national farm loan association, now or hereafter authorized and acting under the laws of the United States; or any person who shall pass, utter, or publish, or attempt to pass, utter, or publish any false, forged, or counterfeited bond, coupon, or paper purporting to be issued by any such bank or association, knowing the same to be falsely made, forged, or counterfeited; or whoever shall falsely alter, or cause or procure to be falsely altered, or shall willingly aid or assist in falsely altering any such bond, coupon, or paper, or shall pass, utter, or publish as true any falsely altered or spurious bond, coupon, or paper issued, or purporting to have been issued, by any such bank or association, knowing the same to be falsely altered or spurious, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both. Other than the usual salary or director’s fee paid to any officer,Receiving unauthorized fees, etc., by officials. director, or employee of a national farm loan association, a Federal land bank, or a joint stock land bank, and other than a reasonable fee paid by such association or bank to any officer, director, attorney, or employee for services rendered, no officer, director, attorney, or employee of an association or bank organized under this Act shall be a beneficiary of or receive, directly or indirectly, any fee, commission, gift, or other consideration for or in connection with any transaction or business of such association or bank. No land bank or national farm loan association organized under this Act shall charge or receive any fee, commission, bonus, gift, or other consideration not herein specifically authorized. No examiner, public or private, shall discloseUnauthorized disclosure of information. the names of borrowers to other than the proper officers of a national farm loan association or land bank without first having obtained express permission in writing from the Farm Loan Commissioner or from the board of directors of such association or bank, except when ordered to do so by a court of competent jurisdiction or by direction of the Congress of the United States, or of either House thereof, or any committee of Congress or of either House duly authorized. Any person violating any provision of this paragraph shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. Any person connected in any capacity with any national farm loanEmbezzlement of funds, etc. association, Federal land bank, or joint stock land bank, who embezzles, abstracts, or willfully misapplies any moneys, funds, or credits thereof, or who without authority from the directors draws any order, assigns any note, bond, draft, mortgage, judgment, or decree thereof, or who makes any false entry in any book, report, or statement ofFalse entries, etc. such association or land bank with intent in either case to defraud such institution or any other company, body politic or corporate, or any individual person, or to deceive any officer of a national farm 384loan association or land bank or any agent appointed to examine into the affairs of any such association or bank, and every person who with like intent aids or abets any officer, clerk, or agent in any violation of this section, shall be punished by a fine of not exceeding $5,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both. False representations, etc., of bonds.Any person who shall deceive, defraud, or impose upon, or who shall attempt to deceive, defraud, or impose upon, any person, firm, or corporation by making any false pretense or representation regarding the character, issue, security, or terms of any farm loan bond, or coupon, issued under the terms of this Act; or by falsely pretending or representing that any farm loan bond, or coupon, issued under the terms of this Act by one class of land banks is a farm loan bond, or coupon, issued by another class of banks; or by falsely pretending or representing that any farm loan bond, or coupon, issued under the terms of this Act, or anything contained in said farm loan bond, or coupon, is anything other than, or different from, what it purports to be on the face of said bond or coupon, shall be fined not exceeding $500 or imprisoned not exceeding one year, or both. Detection, arrests, etc.The Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to direct and use the Secret Service Division of the Treasury Department to detect, arrest, and deliver into custody of the United States marshal having jurisdiction, any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this section. Government deposits.government deposits. Sec. 32. Temporary loan to banks. That the Secretary of the Treasury is authorized, in his discretion, upon the request of the Federal Farm Loan Board, to make deposits for the temporary use of any Federal land bank, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated. Such Federal land bank shall issue to the Secretary of the Treasury a certificate of Interest, security, etc.indebtedness for any such deposit, bearing a rate of interest not to exceed the current rate charged for other Government deposits, to be secured by farm loan bonds or other collateral, to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury. Any such certificate shall be Limit.redeemed and paid by such land bank at the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury. The aggregate of all sums so deposited by the Secretary of the Treasury shall not exceed the sum of $6,000,000 at any one time. Organization expenses.organization expenses. Sec. 33. Appropriation.*Post*, p. 803. That the sum of $100,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be expended under the direction of the Federal Farm Loan Board, for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act, including the rent and equipment of necessary offices. Court decisions.limitation of court decisions. Sec. 34. Invalidity of any clause, etc., not to affect remainder of Act. That if any clause, sentence, paragraph, or part of this Act shall for any reason be adjudged by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this Act, but shall be confined in its operation to the clause, sentence, paragraph, or part thereof directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment shall have been rendered. repealing clause. Sec. 35. Inconsistent laws repealed.Amendment, etc. That all Acts or parts of Acts inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed, and this Act shall take effect upon its passage. The right to amend, alter, or repeal this Act is hereby expressly reserved. Approved, July 17, 1916.
★   the supreme law of the land   ★
Don't Tread on Me
E Pluribus Unum — out of many, one

"If you don't know your rights, you don't have any."

Marginalia · a citizen's law index
A research desk, not legal advice. Always read the cited source before relying on a summary.
Questions or an issue? support@self-law.org
disclaimerMarginalia is a research index, not a law firm. Nothing on this site is legal, tax, or financial advice and no attorney–client relationship is formed by using it. Statutes, regulations, and case law change; summaries, search results, AI output, and member posts may be incomplete, out of date, or wrong. Any interpretation drawn from material on this site should be validated by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before you act on it.