Chapter CXCV. to suppress Insurrection, to punish Treason and Rebellion, to seize and confiscate the Property of Rebels, and far other Purposes
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Chap. CXCV.— An Act to suppress Insurrection, to punish Treason and Rebellion, to seize and confiscate the Property of Rebels, and far other Purposes. July 17, 1862.*Post*, p. 627. *Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, * That every person who shallTreason, how punished. hereafter commit the crime of treason against the United States, and shall 590 THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Sess. II. Ch. 195. 1862. be adjudged guilty thereof, shall suffer death, and all his slaves, if any, shall be declared and made free; or, at the discretion of the court, he shall be imprisoned for not less than five years and fined not less than ten thousand dollars, and all his slaves, if any, shall be declared and made free; said fine shall be levied and collected on any or all of the property, *Post*, p. 627.real and personal, excluding slaves, of which the said person so convicted was the owner at the time of committing the said crime, any sale or conveyance to the contrary notwithstanding.
Sec. 2. *And be it further enacted, *That if any person shall hereafter Engaging or assisting, &c., in rebellion against the United States, how punished.incite, set on foot, assist, or engage in any rebellion or insurrection against the authority of the United States, or the laws thereof, or shall give aid or comfort thereto, or shall engage in, or give aid and comfort to, any such existing rebellion or insurrection, and be convicted thereof, such person shall be punished by imprisonment for a period not exceeding ten years, or by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, and by the liberation of all his slaves, if any he have; or by both of said punishments, at the discretion of the court.
Sec. 3. Disqualified to hold office. *And be it further enacted, *That every person guilty of either of the offences described in this act shall be forever incapable and disqualified to hold any office under the United States. Sec. 4. This act not to affect those guilty before, unless, &c. *And be it further enacted, *That this act shall not be construed in any way to affect or alter the prosecution, conviction, or punishment of any person or persons guilty of treason against the United States before the passage of this act, unless such person is convicted under this act.
Sec. 5. President to cause the seizure of the estate, &c. *And be it further enacted, *That, to insure the speedy termination of the present rebellion, it shall be the duty of the President of the United States to cause the seizure of all the estate and property, money, stocks, credits, and effects of the persons hereinafter named in this section, and to apply and use the same and the proceeds thereof for the support of the army of the United States, that is to say: First. of rebel officers, Of any person hereafter acting as an officer of the army or navy of the rebels in arms against the government of the United States.
Secondly. of President or other officer of so-called confederate states, Of any person hereafter acting as President, Vice-President, member of Congress, judge of any court, cabinet officer, foreign minister, commissioner or consul of the so-called confederate states of America. Thirdly. of governor, &c., of any of the said states,*Post*, p. 627.of certain persons holding offices of honor, &c. Of any person acting as governor of a state, member of a convention or legislature, or judge of any court of any of the so-called confederate states of America.
Fourthly. Of any person who, having held an office of honor, trust, or profit in the United States, shall hereafter hold an office in the so-called confederate states of America. Fifthly. Same subject. Of any person hereafter holding any office or agency under the government of the so-called confederate states of America, or under any of the several states of the said confederacy, or the laws thereof, whether such office or agency be national, state, or municipal in its name or character:
Proviso.*Provided,* That the persons, thirdly, fourthly, and fifthly above described shall have accepted their appointment or election since the date of the pretended ordinance of cecession of the state, or shall have taken an oath of allegiance to, or to support the constitution of the so-called confederate states. Sixthly. of certain persons aiding, &c., the rebellion. Of any person who, owning property in any loyal State or Territory of the United States, or in the District of Columbia, shall hereafterSales of such property to be void. assist and give aid and comfort to such rebellion; and all sales, transfers, or conveyances of any such property shall be null and void; and it shall be a sufficient bar to any suit brought by such person for the What shall be bar to suits.possession or the use of such property, or any of it, to allege and prove that he is one of the persons described in this section. 591 Sec. 6. *And be it further enacted, *That if any person within anyProperty, &c., of persons in States in rebellion, engaged, &c., in the rebellion, not ceasing to give such aid within sixty days after proclamation by the President, liable to seizure, &c.
State or Territory of the United States, other than those named as aforesaid, after the passage of this act, being engaged in armed rebellion against the government of the United States, or aiding or abetting such rebellion, shall not, within sixty days after public warning and proclamation duly given and made by the President of the United States, cease to aid, countenance, and abet such rebellion, and return to his allegiance to the United States, all the estate and property, moneys, stocks, and credits of such person shall be liable to seizure as aforesaid, and it shall be the duty of the President to seize and use them as aforesaid or the proceeds thereof.
And all sales, transfers, or conveyances, of any such property after theSales, &c. void. expiration of the said sixty days from the date of such warning and proclamation shall be null and void; and it shall be a sufficient bar to any suit brought by such person for the possession or the use of such property, or any of it, to allege and prove that he is one of the persons described in this section. Sec. 7. *And be it further enacted, *That to secure the condemnationProceedings to secure condemnation, &c., of such property. and sale of any of such property, after the same shall have been seized, so that it may be made available for the purpose aforesaid, proceedings in rem shall be instituted in the name of the United States in any district court thereof, or in any territorial court, or in the United States district court for the District of Columbia, within which the property above described, or any part thereof, may be found, or into which the same, if movable, may first be brought, which proceedings shall conform as nearly as may be to proceedings in admiralty or revenue cases, and if said property, whether real or personal, shall be found to have belonged to a person engaged in rebellion, or who has given aid or comfort thereto, the same shall he condemned as enemies’ property and become the property of the United States, and may be disposed of as the court shall decree and the proceeds thereof paid into the treasury of the United States for the purposes aforesaid.
Sec. 8. *And be it further enacted, *That the several courts aforesaidPower of co arts in such cases. shall have power to make such orders, establish such forms of decree and sale, and direct such deeds and conveyances to be executed and delivered by the marshals thereof where real estate shall be the subject of sale, as shall fitly and efficiently effect the purposes of this act, and vest in the purchasers of such property good and valid titles thereto. And the said courts shall have power to allow such fees and charges of their officers as shall be reasonable and proper in the premises.
Sec. 9. *And be it further enacted, *That all slaves of persons whoCertain slaves to be deemed captives of war and to be set free. shall hereafter be engaged in rebellion against the government of the United States, or who shall in any way give aid or comfort thereto, escaping from such persons and taking refuge, within the lines of the army; and all slaves captured from such persons or deserted by them and coming under the control of the government of the United States; and all slaves of such persons found on [or] being within any place occupied by rebel forces and afterwards occupied by the forces of the United States, shall be deemed captives of war, and shall be forever free of their servitude, and not again held as slaves.
Sec. 10. *And be it further enacted, *That no slave escaping into anyEscaped slaves not to be surrendered, unless claimant shall make oath that the alleged owner is loyal, &c. State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, from any other State, shall be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered of his liberty, except for crime, or some offence against the laws, unless the person claiming said fugitive shall first make oath that the person to whom the labor or service of such fugitive is alleged to be due is his lawful owner, and has not borne arms against the United States in the present rebellion, nor in any way given aid and comfort thereto; and no person engaged in the military or naval service of the United States shall, under any pretence whatever, assume to decide on the validity of the claim of any person to the service or labor of any other person, or surrender up any such person to the claimant, on pain of being dismissed from the service. 592 THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS.
Sess. II. Ch. 195, 196, 197. 1862. Sec. 11. President may employ persons of African descent to suppress rebellion. *And be it further enacted, *That the President of the United States is authorized to employ as many persons of African descent as he may deem necessary and proper for the suppression of this rebellion, and for this purpose he may organize and use them in such manner as he may judge best for the public welfare. Sec. 12. Colonization of freed slaves. *And be it further enacted, *That the President of the United States is hereby authorized to make provision for the transportation, colonization, and settlement, in some tropical country beyond the limits of the United States, of such persons of the African race, made free by the provisions of this act, as may be willing to emigrate, having first obtained the consent of the government of said country to their protection and settlement within the same, with all the rights and privileges of freemen.
Sec. 13. President may proclaim amnesty and pardon. *And be it further enacted, *That the President is hereby authorized, at any time hereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the existing rebellion in any State or part thereof, pardon and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such time and on such conditions as he may deem expedient for the public welfare. Sec. 14. Courts may issue process to carry this act into effect. *And be it further enacted, *That the courts of the United States shall have full power to institute proceedings, make orders and decrees, issue process, and do all other things necessary to carry this act into effect.
Approved, July 17, 1862.