Sec. 1545. STUDY TO ANALYZE VULNERABILITY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED MILITARY APPLICATIONS

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## SEC. 1545 STUDY TO ANALYZE VULNERABILITY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED MILITARY APPLICATIONS ###

(a)Study Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall complete a study to assess the functionality of artificial intelligence-enabled military applications, research and development needs related to such applications, and vulnerabilities to the privacy, security, and accuracy of such applications. ###

(b)Elements The study under subsection

(a)shall include the following: ####

(1)An assessment of research and development efforts, including transition pathways, needed to advance explainable and interpretable artificial intelligence-enabled military applications, including the capability to assess the architectures, data models, and algorithms underlying such applications. ####

(2)An assessment of any potential risks to the privacy, security, or accuracy of the architectures, data models, or algorithms underlying artificial intelligence-enabled military applications, including the following: #####

(A)Individual foundational artificial intelligence models, including the adequacy of existing testing, training, and auditing for such models to ensure such models may be properly assessed over time. #####

(B)The interactions of multiple artificial intelligence-enabled military applications and how such interactions may affect the ability to detect and assess new, complex, and emergent behavior among individual agents, as well as the collective effect of such interactions on risks to the privacy, security, and accuracy of such applications over time. #####

(C)The effect of increased agency in artificial intelligence-enabled military applications and how such increased agency may affect the ability to detect and assess new, complex, and emergent behavior, as well risks to the privacy, security, and accuracy of such applications over time. ####

(3)An assessment of the survivability and traceability of decision support systems that are integrated with artificial intelligence-enabled military applications and used in a contested environment. ####

(4)An identification of existing artificial intelligence metrics, developmental, testing and audit capabilities, personnel, and infrastructure of the Department of Defense, including test and evaluation facilities of the Department, needed to enable ongoing assessment under paragraphs

(1)through (3). ####

(5)An identification of any research gaps necessary to be filled to sufficiently carry out the assessments and identifications required under paragraphs

(1)through

(3)that are not currently, or not sufficiently, funded within the Department of Defense. ###

(c)Interim Briefing Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on the interim findings of the study under subsection (a). ###

(d)Final Report ####

(1)Submission Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a final report on the findings with respect to the study conducted pursuant to subsection (a). ####

(2)Form The final report under paragraph

(1)shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. ###

(e)Foundational Artificial Intelligence Model Defined In this section, the term “foundational artificial intelligence model” means an adaptive generative model that is trained on a broad set of unlabeled data sets that may be used for different tasks with minimal fine-tuning. ## Subtitle F Reports and Other Matters