Sec. 10104. ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM

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## SEC. 10104 ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING RESEARCH PROGRAM ###

(a)Advanced Scientific Computing Research Section 304 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18642) is amended— ####

(1)**[**[15 U.S.C. 5501note](/us/usc/t15/s5501note) [42 U.S.C. 16316](/us/usc/t42/s16316)**]** by redesignating subsections

(a)through

(c)as subsections

(b)through (d), respectively; ####

(2)by inserting before subsection (b), as so redesignated, the following: > > ### “(a) In General > > As part of the activities authorized under section 209 of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7139), the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, and demonstration program— > > > #### “(1) > > to steward applied mathematics, computational science, and computer science research relevant to the missions of the Department and the competitiveness of the United States; > > > #### “(2) > > to develop modeling, simulation, and other computational tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the development of new energy technologies and other technologies; > > > #### “(3) > > to advance computing and networking capabilities for data-driven discovery; and > > > #### “(4) > > to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and software tools for science and engineering.” > ; ####

(3)in subsection (c), as so redesignated— #####

(A)by striking “ The Director ” and inserting the following: > > #### “(1) Director > > The Director” > ; and #####

(B)by adding at the end the following: > > #### “(2) Coordination > > The Under Secretary for Science shall ensure the coordination of the activities of the Department, including activities under this section, to determine and meet the computational and networking research and facility needs of the Office of Science and all other relevant energy technology and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with other Federal agencies as appropriate.” > ; ####

(4)by amending subsection (d), as so redesignated, to read as follows: > > ### “(d) Applied Mathematics and Software Development for High-End Computing Systems and Computer Sciences Research > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and support— > > > ##### “(A) > > mathematics, statistics, and algorithms for modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of the Department, including on advanced computing architectures; and > > > ##### “(B) > > tools, languages, programming environments, and operations for high-end computing systems (as defined in section 2 of the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541)). > > > #### “(2) Portfolio balance > > > ##### “(A) In general > > The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) that supports robust investment in— > > > ###### “(i) > > applied mathematical, computational, and computer sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the Department, including foundational areas that are critical to the advancement of energy sciences and technologies and new and emerging computing technologies; and > > > ###### “(ii) > > associated high-performance computing hardware and facilities. > > > ##### “(B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment > > > ###### “(i) Sense of congress > > It is the sense of Congress that the Exascale Computing Project has successfully created a broad ecosystem that provides shared software packages, novel evaluation systems, and applications relevant to the science and engineering requirements of the Department, and that such products must be maintained and improved in order that the full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously realized. > > > ###### “(ii) Sustainment > > The Secretary shall seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause

(i)to ensure that the exascale software stack and other research software will continue to be maintained, hardened, and otherwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability to the user community.” > ; and ####

(5)by adding at the end the following: > > ### “(e) Advanced Computing Program > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems. In establishing this program, the Secretary shall— > > > ##### “(A) > > maintain foundational research programs in mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the Department, including post-Moore’s law computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation, artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum computing, edge computing, extreme heterogeneity, including potential quantum accelerators, and distributed high-performance computing; > > > ##### “(B) > > retain best practices and maintain support for essential hardware, applications, and software elements of the Exascale Computing Program that are necessary for sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable software ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and > > > ##### “(C) > > develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data management. > > > #### “(2) Report > > Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on the development and implementation of the strategy described in paragraph (1). > > > ### “(f) Guidance on Mitigation of Bias in High-performance Computing Capabilities > > In leveraging high-performance computing systems for research purposes, including through the use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary shall issue, and ensure adherence to, guidance for the Department, the National Laboratories, and users as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias. > > > ### “(g) Architectural Research in Heterogeneous Computing Systems > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Secretary shall carry out a program of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high performance, high efficiency computing for Department mission challenges. The program shall include research and development that explores the convergence of big data analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogeneous computing system architectures. > > > #### “(2) Coordination > > In carrying out the program described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure coordination between research activities undertaken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and materials research supported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the Office of Science. > > > ### “(h) Energy Efficient Computing Program > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Secretary shall support a program of fundamental research, development, and demonstration of energy efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to advanced computing applications, including high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learning. > > > #### “(2) Execution > > > ##### “(A) Program > > In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall— > > > ###### “(i) > > establish a partnership for National Laboratories, industry partners, and institutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software, and applications across all applicable program offices of the Department, and provide access to energy efficient computing resources to such partners; > > > ###### “(ii) > > develop hardware and software technologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices, including through data center codesign; > > > ###### “(iii) > > consider multiple heterogeneous computing architectures in collaboration with the program established under subsection (g), including neuromorphic computing, persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and > > > ###### “(iv) > > provide, as appropriate, on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, industry, and other Federal agencies to the energy efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to clause (i). > > > ##### “(B) Selection of partners > > In selecting participants for the partnership established under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, merit review process. > > > ##### “(C) Report > > Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on— > > > ###### “(i) > > the activities conducted under subparagraph (A); and > > > ###### “(ii) > > the coordination and management of the program under subparagraph

(A)to ensure an integrated research program across the Department. > > > ### “(i) Energy Sciences Network > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Secretary shall provide for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet the research needs of the Department for highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science. > > > #### “(2) Capabilities > > In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities: > > > ##### “(A) > > To provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean. > > > ##### “(B) > > To ensure network reliability. > > > ##### “(C) > > To protect the network infrastructure from cyberattacks. > > > ##### “(D) > > To manage transport of exponentially increasing levels of data from the Department’s National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors. > > > ##### “(E) > > To contribute to the integration of heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems. > > > ### “(j) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship > > > #### “(1) In general > > The Secretary shall support the Computational Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers at the National Laboratories, and contribute to the development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help advance research in all areas of computational science relevant to the mission of the Department, including quantum computing. > > > #### “(2) Funding > > Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under this subsection— > > > ##### “(A) > > $15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023; > > > ##### “(B) > > $16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024; > > > ##### “(C) > > $17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025; > > > ##### “(D) > > $18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and > > > ##### “(E) > > $19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027. > > > ### “(k) Authorization of Appropriations > > Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this section— > > > #### “(1) > > $1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023; > > > #### “(2) > > $1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024; > > > #### “(3) > > $1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025; > > > #### “(4) > > $1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and > > > #### “(5) > > $1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027.” > . ###

(b)Quantum Science Network ####

(1)Definitions Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) is amended— #####

(A)by redesignating paragraph

(7)as paragraph (8); and #####

(B)by inserting after paragraph

(6)the following: > > #### “(7) Quantum network infrastructure > > The term ‘quantum network infrastructure’ means any facility, expertise, or capability that is necessary to enable the development and deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network technologies.” > . ####

(2)Department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program #####

(A)In general Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: > > ## “SEC. 403 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM > > **[**[15 U.S.C. 8853](/us/usc/t15/s8853)**]** > > > ### “(a) In General > > The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to— > > > #### “(1) > > facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum computing systems through the internet and intranet; > > > #### “(2) > > improve the precision of measurements of scientific phenomena and physical imaging technologies; > > > #### “(3) > > develop secure national quantum communications technologies and strategies; > > > #### “(4) > > demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network User Facility; and > > > #### “(5) > > advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities. > > > ### “(b) Program > > In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall— > > > #### “(1) > > coordinate with— > > > ##### “(A) > > the Director of the National Science Foundation; > > > ##### “(B) > > the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; > > > ##### “(C) > > the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under section 103(a); and > > > ##### “(D) > > the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science; > > > #### “(2) > > conduct cooperative research with industry, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and technologies, including— > > > ##### “(A) > > quantum-limited detectors, ultra-low loss optical channels, space-to-ground connections, and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols; > > > ##### “(B) > > entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission, control, and measurement of quantum states; > > > ##### “(C) > > quantum interconnects that allow short range local connections between quantum processors; > > > ##### “(D) > > transducers for quantum sources and signals between optical wavelength regimes, including telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains, including microwaves; > > > ##### “(E) > > development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths; > > > ##### “(F) > > long-range entanglement distribution, including allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large scale quantum processors, at the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters and optical or laser communications; > > > ##### “(G) > > quantum routers, multiplexers, repeaters, and related technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum communication; and > > > ##### “(H) > > integration of systems across the quantum technology stack into traditional computing networks, including the development of remote controlled, high-performance, and reliable implementations of key quantum network components by leveraging the expertise, infrastructure and supplemental investments at the National Laboratories in the Energy Sciences Network User Facility; > > > #### “(3) > > engage with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium and other organizations, as applicable, to transition component technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies; > > > #### “(4) > > advance basic research in advanced scientific computing, particle and nuclear physics, and material science to enhance the understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials, processes, and physical phenomena relevant to quantum network infrastructure; > > > #### “(5) > > develop experimental tools and testbeds in collaboration with the Energy Sciences Network User Facility necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental research and development activities with diverse stakeholders from industry, National Laboratories, and institutions of higher education; and > > > #### “(6) > > consider quantum network infrastructure applications that span the Department of Energy’s missions in energy, environment, and national security. > > > ### “(c) Leveraging > > In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources, infrastructure, and expertise across the Department of Energy and from— > > > #### “(1) > > the National Institute of Standards and Technology; > > > #### “(2) > > the National Science Foundation; > > > #### “(3) > > the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; > > > #### “(4) > > other relevant Federal agencies; > > > #### “(5) > > the National Laboratories; > > > #### “(6) > > industry stakeholders; > > > #### “(7) > > institutions of higher education; and > > > #### “(8) > > the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers. > > > ### “(d) Research Plan > > Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 4-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum network infrastructure. > > > ### “(e) Standard of Review > > The Secretary shall review activities carried out under this section to determine the achievement of technical milestones. > > > ### “(f) Funding > > Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section $100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. > > > ## “SEC. 404 DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM > > **[**[15 U.S.C. 8854](/us/usc/t15/s8854)**]** > > > ### “(a) In General > > The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall establish and carry out a program, to be known as the ‘Quantum User Expansion for Science and Technology program’ or ‘QUEST program’, to encourage and facilitate access to United States quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research purposes— > > > #### “(1) > > to enhance the United States quantum research enterprise; > > > #### “(2) > > to educate the future quantum computing workforce; > > > #### “(3) > > to accelerate the advancement of United States quantum computing capabilities; and > > > #### “(4) > > to advance the relevant domestic supply chains, manufacturing processes, and associated simulations or modeling capabilities. > > > ### “(b) Program > > In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall— > > > #### “(1) > > coordinate with— > > > ##### “(A) > > the Director of the National Science Foundation; > > > ##### “(B) > > the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; > > > ##### “(C) > > the Chair of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council established under section 103(a); and > > > ##### “(D) > > the Chair of the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science; > > > #### “(2) > > provide researchers based within the United States with access to, and use of, United States quantum computing resources through a competitive, merit-reviewed process; > > > #### “(3) > > consider applications from the National Laboratories, multi-institutional collaborations, institutions of higher education, industry stakeholders, and any other entities that the Secretary determines are appropriate to provide national leadership on quantum computing related issues; > > > #### “(4) > > coordinate with private sector stakeholders, the user community, and interagency partners on program development and best management practices; and > > > #### “(5) > > to the extent practicable, balance user access to commercial prototypes available for use across a broad class of applications and Federal research prototypes that enable benchmarking a wider variety of early-stage devices. > > > ### “(c) Leveraging > > In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the Department of Energy and from— > > > #### “(1) > > the National Institute of Standards and Technology; > > > #### “(2) > > the National Science Foundation; > > > #### “(3) > > the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; > > > #### “(4) > > other relevant Federal agencies; > > > #### “(5) > > the National Laboratories; > > > #### “(6) > > industry stakeholders; > > > #### “(7) > > institutions of higher education; and > > > #### “(8) > > the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers. > > > ### “(d) Security > > In carrying out the activities authorized by this section, the Secretary, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall ensure proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive information, as appropriate. > > > ### “(e) Funding > > Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Energy’s Office of Science, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities under this section— > > > #### “(1) > > $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; > > > #### “(2) > > $31,500,000 for fiscal year 2024; > > > #### “(3) > > $33,075,000 for fiscal year 2025; > > > #### “(4) > > $34,728,750 for fiscal year 2026; and > > > #### “(5) > > $36,465,188 for fiscal year 2027.” > . #####

(B)Clerical amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum Initiative Act (Public Law 115-368; 132 Stat. 5092) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 402 the following:" “Sec. 403. Department of Energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program. “Sec. 404. Department of Energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program.” ".

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