Sec. 40417. PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL ENERGY MODELING SYSTEM
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## SEC. 40417 PLAN FOR THE NATIONAL ENERGY MODELING SYSTEM Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall develop a plan to identify any need or opportunity to update or further the capabilities of the National Energy Modeling System, including with respect to— ####
(1)treating energy demand endogenously; ####
(2)increased natural gas usage and increased market penetration of renewable energy; ####
(3)flexible operating modes of nuclear power plants, such as load following and frequency control; ####
(4)tools to model multiple-output energy systems that provide hydrogen, high-value heat, electricity, and chemical synthesis services, including interactions of those energy systems with the electricity grids, pipeline networks, and the broader economy; ####
(5)demand response and improved representation of energy storage, including long-duration storage, in capacity expansion models; ####
(6)electrification, particularly with respect to the transportation, industrial, and buildings sectors; ####
(7)increasing model resolution to represent all hours of the year and all electricity generators; ####
(8)wholesale electricity market design and the appropriate valuation of all services that support the reliability of electricity grids, such as— #####
(A)battery storage; and #####
(B)synthetic inertia from grid-tied inverters; ####
(9)economic modeling of the role of energy efficiency, demand response, electricity storage, and a variety of distributed generation technologies; ####
(10)the production, transport, use, and storage of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and hydrogen carriers; ####
(11)greater flexibility in— #####
(A)the modeling of the environmental impacts of electricity systems, such as— ######
(i)emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants; and ######
(ii)the use of land and water resources; and #####
(B)the ability to support climate modeling, such as the climate modeling performed by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Office of Science of the Department; ####
(12)technologies that are in an early stage of commercial deployment and have been identified by the Secretary as candidates for large-scale demonstration projects, such as— #####
(A)carbon capture, transport, use, and storage from any source or economic sector; #####
(B)direct air capture; #####
(C)hydrogen production, including via electrolysis; #####
(D)synthetic and biogenic hydrocarbon liquid and gaseous fuels; #####
(E)supercritical carbon dioxide combustion turbines; #####
(F)industrial fuel cell and hydrogen combustion equipment; and #####
(G)industrial electric boilers; ####
(13)increased and improved data sources and tools, including— #####
(A)the establishment of technology and cost baselines, including technology learning rates; #####
(B)economic and employment impacts of energy system policies and energy prices on households, as a function of household income and region; and #####
(C)the use of behavioral economics to inform demand modeling in all sectors; and ####
(14)striving to migrate toward a single, consistent, and open-source modeling platform, and increasing open access to model systems, data, and outcomes, for— #####
(A)disseminating reference scenarios that can be transparently and broadly replicated; and #####
(B)promoting the development of the researcher and analyst workforce needed to continue the development and validation of improved energy system models in the future.