Sec. 1233. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UPDATING AND MODERNIZING EXISTING AGREEMENTS TO AVERT MISCALCULATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA

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## SEC. 1233 SENSE OF CONGRESS ON UPDATING AND MODERNIZING EXISTING AGREEMENTS TO AVERT MISCALCULATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA It is the sense of Congress that— ####

(1)conventional arms control and confidence and security building measures have played an important role in helping to increase military transparency and reduce the risk of miscalculation; ####

(2)Russia’s violations of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia and Ukraine, and Russia’s ongoing destabilizing and aggressive behavior, has undermined peace, security, and stability in Europe and beyond; ####

(3)Russia’s unilateral suspension and violation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, done at Vienna November 19, 1990, and entered into force November 9, 1992, and selective implementation of the Vienna Document of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 2011 have contributed to a greater risk of miscalculation; ####

(4)Russia’s unsafe and unprofessional interactions with United States aircraft and vessels— #####

(A)are contrary to the spirit of— ######

(i)the Agreement Between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents On and Over the High Seas, done at Moscow May 25, 1972, and entered into force May 25, 1972; and ######

(ii)the Agreement on the Prevention of Dangerous Military Activities Agreement, done at Moscow June 12, 1989, and entered into force January 1, 1990; and #####

(B)erode military transparency, predictability, and trust; ####

(5)the United States remains committed to upholding its current treaty obligations and commitments with respect to conventional arms control and confidence and security building measures; and ####

(6)the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State should explore options, as practicable, for updated or new frameworks for increasing military transparency, stability, and reducing the risk of miscalculation, including through enhanced diplomatic engagement and military-to-military dialogue.