Sec. 234. DEFENSE QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
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## SEC. 234 DEFENSE QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM **[**[10 U.S.C. 2358 note](/us/usc/t10/s2358)**]** ###
(a)Establishment The Secretary of Defense shall carry out a quantum information science and technology research and development program. ###
(b)Purposes The purposes of the program required by subsection
(a)are as follows: ####
(1)To ensure global superiority of the United States in quantum information science necessary for meeting national security requirements. ####
(2)To coordinate all quantum information science and technology research and development within the Department of Defense and to provide for interagency cooperation and collaboration on quantum information science and technology research and development between the Department of Defense and other departments and agencies of the United States and appropriate private sector and international entities that are involved in quantum information science and technology research and development. ####
(3)To develop and manage a portfolio of fundamental and applied quantum information science and technology and engineering research initiatives that is stable, consistent, and balanced across scientific disciplines. ####
(4)To accelerate the transition and deployment of technologies and concepts derived from quantum information science and technology research and development into the Armed Forces, and to establish policies, procedures, and standards for measuring the success of such efforts. ####
(5)To collect, synthesize, and disseminate critical information on quantum information science and technology research and development. ####
(6)To establish and support appropriate research, innovation, and industrial base, including facilities, workforce, and infrastructure, to support the needs of Department of Defense missions and systems related to quantum information science and technology. ###
(c)Administration In carrying out the program required by subsection (a), the Secretary shall act through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, who shall supervise the planning, management, and coordination of the program. The Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretaries of the military departments and the heads of participating Defense Agencies and other departments and agencies of the United States, shall— ####
(1)prescribe a set of long-term challenges and a set of specific technical goals for the program, including— #####
(A)optimization of analysis of national security data sets; #####
(B)development of defense related quantum computing algorithms; #####
(C)design of new materials and molecular functions; #####
(D)secure communications and cryptography, including development of quantum communications protocols; #####
(E)quantum sensing and metrology; #####
(F)development of mathematics relating to quantum enhancements to sensing, communications, and computing; and #####
(G)processing and manufacturing of low-cost, robust, and reliable quantum information science and technology-enabled devices and systems; ####
(2)develop a coordinated and integrated research and investment plan for meeting the near-, mid-, and long-term challenges with definitive milestones while achieving the specific technical goals that builds upon the Department’s increased investment in quantum information science and technology research and development, commercial sector and global investments, and other United States Government investments in the quantum information sciences, including through consultation with— #####
(A)the National Quantum Coordination Office; #####
(B)the subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council; #####
(C)other organizations and elements of the Department of Defense; #####
(D)other Federal agencies; and #####
(E)appropriate private sector organizations; ####
(3)in consultation with the entities listed in paragraph (2), develop plans for— #####
(A)the development of the quantum information science and technology workforce; #####
(B)enhancing awareness of quantum information science and technology; #####
(C)reducing the risk of cybersecurity threats posed by quantum information science technology; and #####
(D)development of ethical guidelines for the use of quantum information science technology; ####
(4)in consultation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate Federal entities, develop a quantum information science taxonomy and standards and requirements for quantum information technology; ####
(5)support efforts to increase the technology readiness level of quantum information science technologies under development in the United States; ####
(6)not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, develop and continuously update guidance, including classification and data management plans for defense-related quantum information science and technology activities, and policies for control of personnel participating on such activities to minimize the effects of loss of intellectual property in basic and applied quantum information science and information considered sensitive to the leadership of the United States in the field of quantum information science and technology; and ####
(7)develop memoranda of agreement, joint funding agreements, and other cooperative arrangements necessary for carrying out the program under subsection (a). ###
(d)Quantum Information Science Research Centers The Secretary of each military department may establish or designate a defense laboratory or establish activities to engage with appropriate public and private sector organizations, including academic organizations, to enhance and accelerate the research, development, and deployment of quantum information sciences and quantum information science-enabled technologies and systems. The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that not less than one such laboratory or center is established or designated. ###
(e)Use of Quantum Computing Capabilities The Secretary of each military department shall— ####
(1)develop and annually update a list of technical problems and research challenges which are likely to be addressable by quantum computers available for use within in the next one to three years, with a priority for technical problems and challenges where quantum computing systems have performance advantages over traditional computing systems, in order to enhance the capabilities of such quantum computers and support the addressing of relevant technical problems and research challenges; and ####
(2)establish programs and enter into agreements with appropriate medium and small businesses with functional quantum computing capabilities to provide such private sector capabilities to government, industry, and academic researchers working on relevant technical problems and research activities. ###
(f)Fellowships ####
(1)Program authorized In carrying out the program under subsection
(a)and subject to the availability of appropriations to carry out this subsection, the Secretary may carry out a program of fellowships in quantum information science and technology research and development for individuals who have a graduate or postgraduate degree. ####
(2)Equal access In carrying out the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary may establish procedures to ensure that minority, geographically diverse, and economically disadvantaged students have equal access to fellowship opportunities under such program. ###
(g)Multidisciplinary Partnerships With Universities In carrying out the program under subsection (a), the Secretary of Defense may develop partnerships with universities to enable students to engage in multidisciplinary courses of study. ###
(h)Report ####
(1)In general Not later than December 31, 2020, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the program, in both classified and unclassified format. ####
(2)Elements The report required by paragraph
(1)shall include the following: #####
(A)A description of the knowledge-base of the Department with respect to quantum information sciences, plans to defend against quantum based attacks, and any plans of the Secretary to enhance such knowledge-base. #####
(B)A plan that describes how the Secretary intends to use quantum information sciences for military applications and to meet other needs of the Department, including a discussion of likely impacts of quantum information science and technology on military capabilities. #####
(C)An assessment of the efforts of foreign powers to use quantum information sciences for military applications and other purposes. #####
(D)A description of the activities carried out in accordance with this section, including, for each such activity— ######
(i)a roadmap for the activity; ######
(ii)a summary of the funding provided for the activity; and ######
(iii)an estimated timeline for the development and military deployment of quantum technologies supported through the activity. #####
(E)A description of the efforts of the Department of Defense to update classification and cybersecurity practices relating to quantum technology, including— ######
(i)security processes and requirements for engagement with allied countries; and ######
(ii)a plan for security-cleared government and contractor workforce development. #####
(F)Such other matters as the Secretary considers appropriate.
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Sec. 234
DEFENSE QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
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