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Code · STATUTE-COMPILATIONS · Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018 · Sec. 102

Sec. 102. DEFINITIONS

1,370 words·~6 min read·/statute-compilations/comps-15411/sec-102

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## SEC. 102 DEFINITIONS Section 103 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34 U.S.C. 11103) is amended— ####
(1)in paragraph (8)— #####
(A)in subparagraph (B)(ii), by adding “**or**” at the end; #####
(B)by striking subparagraph (C); and #####
(C)by redesignating subparagraph
(D)as subparagraph (C); ####
(2)in paragraph (18)— #####
(A)by inserting “**for purposes of title II,**” before “**the term**”; and #####
(B)by adding at the end the following:"“that has a law enforcement function, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior in consultation with the Attorney General;”"; ####
(3)by amending paragraph
(22)to read as follows: > > #### “(22) > > the term ‘**jail or lockup for adults**’ means a secure facility that is used by a State, unit of local government, or law enforcement authority to detain or confine adult inmates;” > ; ####
(4)by amending paragraph
(25)to read as follows: > > #### “(25) > > the term ‘**sight or sound contact**’ means any physical, clear visual, or verbal contact that is not brief and inadvertent;” > ; ####
(5)by amending paragraph
(26)to read as follows: > > #### “(26) > > the term ‘**adult inmate**’— > > > ##### “(A) > > means an individual who— > > > ###### “(i) > > has reached the age of full criminal responsibility under applicable State law; and > > > ###### “(ii) > > has been arrested and is in custody for or awaiting trial on a criminal charge, or is convicted of a criminal offense; and > > > ##### “(B) > > does not include an individual who— > > > ###### “(i) > > at the time of the offense, was younger than the maximum age at which a youth can be held in a juvenile facility under applicable State law; and > > > ###### “(ii) > > was committed to the care and custody or supervision, including post-placement or parole supervision, of a juvenile correctional agency by a court of competent jurisdiction or by operation of applicable State law;” > ; ####
(6)in paragraph (28), by striking “**and**” at the end; ####
(7)in paragraph (29), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and ####
(8)by adding at the end the following: > > #### “(30) > > the term ‘**core requirements**’— > > > ##### “(A) > > means the requirements described in paragraphs (11), (12), (13), and
(15)of section 223(a); and > > > ##### “(B) > > does not include the data collection requirements described in subparagraphs
(A)through
(K)of section 207(1); > > > #### “(31) > > the term ‘**chemical agent**’ means a spray or injection used to temporarily incapacitate a person, including oleoresin capsicum spray, tear gas, and 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile gas; > > > #### “(32) > > the term ‘**isolation**’— > > > ##### “(A) > > means any instance in which a youth is confined alone for more than 15 minutes in a room or cell; and > > > ##### “(B) > > does not include— > > > ###### “(i) > > confinement during regularly scheduled sleeping hours; > > > ###### “(ii) > > separation based on a treatment program approved by a licensed medical or mental health professional; > > > ###### “(iii) > > confinement or separation that is requested by the youth; or > > > ###### “(iv) > > the separation of the youth from a group in a nonlocked setting for the limited purpose of calming; > > > #### “(33) > > the term ‘**restraints**’ has the meaning given that term in section 591 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ii); > > > #### “(34) > > the term ‘**evidence-based**’ means a program or practice that— > > > ##### “(A) > > is demonstrated to be effective when implemented with fidelity; > > > ##### “(B) > > is based on a clearly articulated and empirically supported theory; > > > ##### “(C) > > has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, including a detailed description of the outcomes produced in a particular population, whether urban or rural; and > > > ##### “(D) > > has been scientifically tested and proven effective through randomized control studies or comparison group studies and with the ability to replicate and scale; > > > #### “(35) > > the term ‘**promising**’ means a program or practice that— > > > ##### “(A) > > is demonstrated to be effective based on positive outcomes relevant to juvenile justice from one or more objective, independent, and scientifically valid evaluations, as documented in writing to the Administrator; and > > > ##### “(B) > > will be evaluated through a well-designed and rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D); > > > #### “(36) > > the term ‘**dangerous practice**’ means an act, procedure, or program that creates an unreasonable risk of physical injury, pain, or psychological harm to a juvenile subjected to the act, procedure, or program; > > > #### “(37) > > the term ‘**screening**’ means a brief process— > > > ##### “(A) > > designed to identify youth who may have mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs requiring immediate attention, intervention, and further evaluation; and > > > ##### “(B) > > the purpose of which is to quickly identify a youth with possible mental health, behavioral health, substance abuse, or other needs in need of further assessment; > > > #### “(38) > > the term ‘**assessment**’ includes, at a minimum, an interview and review of available records and other pertinent information— > > > ##### “(A) > > by an appropriately trained professional who is licensed or certified by the applicable State in the mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse fields; and > > > ##### “(B) > > which is designed to identify significant mental health, behavioral health, or substance abuse treatment needs to be addressed during a youth’s confinement; > > > #### “(39) > > for purposes of section 223(a)(15), the term ‘**contact**’ means the points at which a youth and the juvenile justice system or criminal justice system officially intersect, including interactions with a juvenile justice, juvenile court, or law enforcement official; > > > #### “(40) > > the term ‘**trauma-informed**’ means— > > > ##### “(A) > > understanding the impact that exposure to violence and trauma have on a youth’s physical, psychological, and psychosocial development; > > > ##### “(B) > > recognizing when a youth has been exposed to violence and trauma and is in need of help to recover from the adverse impacts of trauma; and > > > ##### “(C) > > responding in ways that resist retraumatization; > > > #### “(41) > > the term ‘**racial and ethnic disparity**’ means minority youth populations are involved at a decision point in the juvenile justice system at disproportionately higher rates than non-minority youth at that decision point; > > > #### “(42) > > the term ‘**status offender**’ means a juvenile who is charged with or who has committed an offense that would not be criminal if committed by an adult; > > > #### “(43) > > the term ‘**rural**’ means an area that is not located in a metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget; > > > #### “(44) > > the term ‘**internal controls**’ means a process implemented to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in— > > > ##### “(A) > > effectiveness and efficiency of operations, such as grant management practices; > > > ##### “(B) > > reliability of reporting for internal and external use; and > > > ##### “(C) > > compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as recommendations of the Office of Inspector General and the Government Accountability Office; and > > > #### “(45) > > the term ‘**tribal government**’ means the governing body of an Indian Tribe.” > . # TITLE II CHARLES GRASSLEY JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION PROGRAM
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