Sec. 601. FINDINGS

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## SEC. 601 FINDINGS Congress finds that— ####

(1)from 1607 until 1646, Nansemond Indians— #####

(A)lived approximately 30 miles from Jamestown; and #####

(B)were significantly involved in English-Indian affairs; ####

(2)after 1646, there were two sections of Nansemonds in communication with each other, the Christianized Nansemonds in Norfolk County, who lived as citizens, and the traditionalist Nansemonds, who lived further west; ####

(3)in 1638, according to an entry in a 17th century sermon book still owned by the Chief’s family, a Norfolk County Englishman married a Nansemond woman; ####

(4)that man and woman are lineal ancestors of all of members of the Nansemond Indian tribe alive as of the date of enactment of this Act, as are some of the traditionalist Nansemonds; ####

(5)in 1669, the two Nansemond sections appeared in Virginia Colony’s census of Indian bowmen; ####

(6)in 1677, Nansemond Indians were signatories to the Treaty of 1677 with the King of England; ####

(7)in 1700 and 1704, the Nansemonds and other Virginia Indian tribes were prevented by Virginia Colony from making a separate peace with the Iroquois; ####

(8)Virginia represented those Indian tribes in the final Treaty of Albany, 1722; ####

(9)in 1711, a Nansemond boy attended the Indian School at the College of William and Mary; ####

(10)in 1727, Norfolk County granted William Bass and his kinsmen the “Indian privileges” of clearing swamp land and bearing arms (which privileges were forbidden to other non-Whites) because of their Nansemond ancestry, which meant that Bass and his kinsmen were original inhabitants of that land; ####

(11)in 1742, Norfolk County issued a certificate of Nansemond descent to William Bass; ####

(12)from the 1740s to the 1790s, the traditionalist section of the Nansemond tribe, 40 miles west of the Christianized Nansemonds, was dealing with reservation land; ####

(13)the last surviving members of that section sold out in 1792 with the permission of the Commonwealth of Virginia; ####

(14)in 1797, Norfolk County issued a certificate stating that William Bass was of Indian and English descent, and that his Indian line of ancestry ran directly back to the early 18th century elder in a traditionalist section of Nansemonds on the reservation; ####

(15)in 1833, Virginia enacted a law enabling people of European and Indian descent to obtain a special certificate of ancestry; ####

(16)the law originated from the county in which Nansemonds lived, and mostly Nansemonds, with a few people from other counties, took advantage of the new law; ####

(17)a Methodist mission established around 1850 for Nansemonds is currently a standard Methodist congregation with Nansemond members; ####

(18)in 1901, Smithsonian anthropologist James Mooney— #####

(A)visited the Nansemonds; and #####

(B)completed a tribal census that counted 61 households and was later published; ####

(19)in 1922, Nansemonds were given a special Indian school in the segregated school system of Norfolk County; ####

(20)the school survived only a few years; ####

(21)in 1928, University of Pennsylvania anthropologist Frank Speck published a book on modern Virginia Indians that included a section on the Nansemonds; and ####

(22)the Nansemonds were organized formally, with elected officers, in 1984, and later applied for and received State recognition.