Virginia

Code of Virginia § 16.1-226. Short title.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-227. Purpose and intent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-228. Definitions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-229. This chapter controlling in event of conflict.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-229.1. Removal of a child; names and contact information of persons with a legitimate interest.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-230. Organization and operation of juvenile and domestic relations district courts.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-231. Rules of procedure.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-232. Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute certain cases and represent Commonwealth on appeal.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-233. Department to develop court services; court services units; appointment and removal of employees; salaries.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-234. Duties of Department; provision of quarters, utilities, and office equipment to court service unit.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-235. How probation, parole and related court services provided.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-235.1. Provision of court services; replacement intake officers.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-236. Supervisory officers.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-236.1. Court services unit directors.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-237. Powers, duties and functions of probation and parole officers.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-238. Compensation of probation officers, court service staff members and related court service personnel; reimbursement; traveling and other expenses.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-239. Payment of traveling expenses of court officers; reimbursement.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-240. Citizens advisory council.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-241. Jurisdiction; consent for abortion.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-241.1. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-241.2. Proceedings against certain parents.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-241.3. Newborn children; substance abuse.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-242. Retention of jurisdiction.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-242.1. Retention of jurisdiction; appeals involving children in foster care.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-243. Venue.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-244. Concurrent jurisdiction; exceptions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-245. Transfer from other courts.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-245.1. Medical evidence admissible in juvenile and domestic relations district court.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-245.2. Evidence of medical reports, statements, or records; testimony of health care provider or custodian of records in juvenile and domestic relations district court; custody, visitation, placement, and support cases.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-246. When and how child may be taken into immediate custody.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-247. Duties of person taking child into custody.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-247.1. Custodial interrogation of a child; parental notification and contact; inadmissibility of statement.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-248. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-248.1. Criteria for detention or shelter care.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-248.2. Mental health screening and assessment for certain juveniles.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-248.3. Medical records of juveniles in secure facility.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-249. Places of confinement for juveniles.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-249.1. Places of confinement to give notice of intake of certain persons.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-250. Procedure for detention hearing.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-250.1. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-251. Emergency removal order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-252. Preliminary removal order; hearing.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-253. Preliminary protective order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-253.1. Preliminary protective orders in cases of family abuse; confidentiality.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-253.2. Violation of provisions of protective orders; penalties.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-253.3. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-253.4. Emergency protective orders authorized in certain cases; penalty.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-254. Responsibility for and limitation on transportation of children.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-255. Limitation on issuance of detention orders for juveniles; appearance by juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-256. Limitations as to issuance of warrants for juveniles; detention orders.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-257. Interference with or obstruction of officer; concealment or removal of child.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-258. Bonds and forfeitures thereof.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-259. Procedure in cases of adults.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-260. Intake; petition; investigation.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-261. Statements made at intake or mental health screening and assessment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-262. Form and content of petition.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-263. Summonses.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-264. Service of summons; proof of service; penalty.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-265. Subpoena; attorney-issued subpoena.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-266. Appointment of counsel and guardian ad litem.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-266.1. Standards for attorneys appointed as guardians ad litem; list of qualified attorneys; attorneys appointed for parents or guardians.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-266.2. Appointment of pro bono counsel by judges of the First and Second Judicial District in certain cases.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-267. Compensation of appointed counsel.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-268. Order of appointment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.1. Trial in circuit court; preliminary hearing; direct indictment; remand.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.2. Admissibility of statement; investigation and report; bail.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.3. Retention by juvenile court; appeal.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.4. Transfer to circuit court; appeal by juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.5. Placement of juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-269.6. Circuit court hearing; jury; termination of juvenile court jurisdiction; objections and appeals.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-270. Waiver of jurisdiction of juvenile court in certain cases.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-271. Subsequent offenses by juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-272. Power of circuit court over juvenile offender.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-272.1. Claim of error to be raised within one year.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-273. Court may require investigation of social history and preparation of victim impact statement.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-274. Time for filing of reports; copies furnished to attorneys; amended reports; fees.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-274.1. Admission of evidence of juvenile's age.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-274.2. Certain education records as evidence.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-275. Physical and mental examinations and treatment; nursing and medical care.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-276. Fees and travel expenses of witnesses.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-276.1. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-276.2. Transportation orders in certain proceedings.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-276.3. Use of telephonic communication systems or electronic video and audio communication systems to conduct hearing.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-276.4. Use of restraints on juveniles in court prohibited; exceptions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-277. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-277.1. Time limitation.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-277.01. Approval of entrustment agreement.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-277.02. (Effective until January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody. § 16.1-277.02. (Effective January 1, 2026) Petition for relief of care and custody.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-277.2. Rejection of plea agreement; recusal.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278. Cooperation of certain agencies, officials, institutions and associations.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.1. Definitions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.2. Abused, neglected, or abandoned children or children without parental care.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.3. Relief of care and custody.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.4. Children in need of services.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.5. Children in need of supervision.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.6. Status offenders.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.7:01. Department to give notice of the receipt of certain persons.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.7:02. Department to give notice of Sex Offender and Crimes Against Minors Registry requirements to certain persons.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.7. Commitment to Department of Juvenile Justice.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.8:01. Juveniles found delinquent of first drug offense; screening; assessment; drug tests; costs and fees; education or treatment programs.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.8. Delinquent juveniles.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.9. Delinquent children; loss of driving privileges for alcohol, firearm, and drug offenses; truancy.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.10. Traffic infractions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.11. Mental illness and intellectual disability.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.12. When judicial consent in lieu of parental consent authorized.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.13. Work permits; petitions for treatment, etc.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.14. Criminal jurisdiction; protective orders; family offenses.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.15. Custody or visitation, child or spousal support generally.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.16. Failure to comply with support obligation; payroll deduction; commitment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.17:1. Formula for determination of pendente lite spousal support.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.17. Pendente lite support.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.18. Money judgments.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-278.19. Attorney fees.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-279. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-279.1. Protective order in cases of family abuse.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-280. Commitment of juveniles with mental illness or intellectual disability.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-281. Foster care plan.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-282. Foster care review.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-282.1. Permanency planning hearing for children in foster care.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-282.2. Annual foster care review.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-283. Termination of residual parental rights.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-283.1. Authority to enter into voluntary post-adoption contact and communication agreement.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-283.2. Restoration of parental rights.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-283.3. Review of voluntary continuing services and support agreements for former foster youth.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-284. When adult sentenced for juvenile offense.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-284.1. Placement in secure local facility.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-285. Duration of commitments.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-285.1. Commitment of serious offenders.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-285.2. Release and review hearing for serious offender.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-286. Cost of maintenance; approval of placement; semiannual review.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-287. Transfer of information upon commitment; information to be furnished by and to local school boards.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-288. Protection of religious affiliations.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-289. Review of order of commitment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-289.1. Motions to reconsider orders for participation in continuing programs.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-290. Support of committed juvenile; support from estate of juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-290.1. Payment for court-ordered counseling, treatment or programs.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-290.2. Certain information to be made available to certain defendants found not guilty.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-291. Revocation or modification of probation, protective supervision or parole; proceedings; disposition.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-292. Violation of court order by any person.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-293. Supervision of juvenile or person during commitment and on parole; placing juvenile in halfway house.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-293.1. Mental health services transition plan.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-294. Placing child on parole in foster home or with institution; how cost paid.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-295. Transfer of supervision from one county or city to another, or to another state.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-296. Jurisdiction of appeals; procedure.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-296.1. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-296.2. Appeals of certain custody and visitation proceedings.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-297. Final judgment; copy filed with juvenile court; proceeding may be remanded to juvenile court.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-298. Effect of petition for or pendency of appeal; bail.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-299. (Effective until July 1, 2026) Fingerprints and photographs of juveniles. § 16.1-299. (Effective July 1, 2026) Fingerprints, palm prints, and photographs of juveniles.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-299.1. Sample required for DNA analysis upon conviction or adjudication of felony.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-299.2. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-300. Confidentiality of Department records.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-301. Confidentiality of juvenile law-enforcement records; disclosures to school principal and others.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-302. Dockets, indices, and order books; when hearings and records private; right to public hearing; presence of juvenile in court.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-302.1. Right of victim or representative to attend certain proceedings; notice of hearings.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-303. Reports of court officials and employees when privileged.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-304. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-305. Confidentiality of court records.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-305.1. Disclosure of disposition in certain delinquency cases.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-305.01. Access to child and spousal support case files.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-305.2. Disclosure of notice of the filing of a petition and certain reports by division superintendent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-306. Expungement of court records.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-307. Circuit court records regarding juveniles.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-308. Effect of adjudication on status of child.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309. Penalty.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.1. Exception as to confidentiality.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.2. Purpose and intent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.3. Establishment of a community-based system of services; biennial local plan; quarterly report.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.4. Statewide plan for juvenile services.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.5. Construction, etc., of detention homes and other facilities; reimbursement in part by Commonwealth.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.6. How state appropriations for operating costs of Juvenile Community Crime Control Act programs determined; notice of financial aid.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.7. Determination of payment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.8. Costs of maintenance of juveniles in Community Crime Control Act programs.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.9. Establishment of standards; determination of compliance.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.10. Visitation and management of detention homes; other facilities; reports of superintendent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-309.11. Youth justice diversion program.

Code of Virginia §§ 16.1-310 through 16.1-314. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-315. Joint or regional citizen detention commissions authorized.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-316. Number and terms of members; admission of additional local governing bodies.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-317. Quorum; chairman; rules of procedure; compensation.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-318. Powers of commission generally; supervision by Director of Department of Juvenile Justice.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-319. Acquisition of property by commission.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-320. Property of commission exempt from execution and judgment liens.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-321. Appropriations by political subdivisions; issuance of bonds.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322. Record of commission; reports.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.1. Apportionment of funds to localities or commissions operating juvenile secure detention facilities or programs; standards for apportionment.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.2. Payment of funds quarterly; distribution and reallocation of reserve.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.3. Localities and commissions to make monthly reports to Director; penalty for willfully falsifying information; procedure when locality or commission fails to make report.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.4. Payments for children from other counties or cities.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.5. State Board may authorize private construction, operation, etc., of local or regional detention homes, etc.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.6. Powers and duties not delegable to contractor.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-322.7. State Board to promulgate regulations.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-323. Governor to execute; form of compact.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-323.1. State Council for Interstate Compact for Juveniles.

Code of Virginia §§ 16.1-324 through 16.1-330. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-330.1. Serious or Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program; definition; disclosure of information; penalty.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-330.2. Immunity.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-331. Petition for emancipation.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-332. Orders of court; investigation, report and appointment of counsel.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-333. Findings necessary to order that minor is emancipated.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-333.1. Repealed.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-334. Effects of order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-334.1. Identification card issued to minor by DMV.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-335. Short title.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-336. Definitions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-336.1. Admission forms.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-337. Inpatient treatment of minors; general applicability; disclosure of records.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-337.1. Order of involuntary commitment or mandatory outpatient treatment forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; certain voluntary admissions forwarded to Central Criminal Records Exchange; firearm background check.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-338. Parental admission of minors younger than 14 and nonobjecting minors 14 years of age or older.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-339. Parental admission of an objecting minor 14 years of age or older.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-339.1. Minors in detention homes or shelter care facilities.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340. Emergency custody; issuance and execution of order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340.1:1. Facility of temporary detention.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340.1. Involuntary temporary detention; issuance and execution of order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340.2. Transportation of minor in the temporary detention process.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340.3. Release of minor prior to commitment hearing for involuntary admission.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-340.4. Involuntary commitment; preadmission screening report.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-341. Involuntary commitment; petition; hearing scheduled; notice and appointment of counsel.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-342. Involuntary commitment; clinical evaluation.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-343. Involuntary commitment; duties of attorney for the minor.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-344. Involuntary commitment; hearing.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345. Involuntary commitment; criteria.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.1. Use of electronic communication.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.2. Mandatory outpatient treatment; criteria; orders.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.3. Monitoring mandatory outpatient treatment; motion for review.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.4. Court review of mandatory outpatient treatment plan.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.5. Continuation of mandatory outpatient treatment order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-345.6. Appeal of final order.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-346. Treatment plans; periodic review of status.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-346.1. Discharge plan.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-347. Fees and expenses for qualified evaluators.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-348. Availability of judge.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-349. Definitions.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-350. Petition for court approval of standby guardian.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-351. Court order approving standby guardianship; authority; when effective.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-352. Written designation of a standby guardian by a parent; commencement of authority; court approval required.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-353. Further proceedings to determine permanent guardianship, custody.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-354. Revocation, refusal, termination of standby guardianship.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-355. Review of standby guardianship.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-356. Raising question of competency to stand trial; evaluation and determination of competency.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-357. Disposition when juvenile found incompetent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-358. Disposition of the unrestorably incompetent juvenile.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-359. Litigating certain issues when the juvenile is incompetent.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-360. Disclosure by juvenile during evaluation or restoration; use at guilt phase of trial adjudication or disposition hearing.

Code of Virginia § 16.1-361. Compensation of experts.