55-18-9. Persons who may bind others.
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/sd/title-55/chapter-55-18/55-18-9·A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
Persons who may bind others are as follows:
(1)Except as provided in subdivision 55-18-20(2), a conservator may bind a minor or protected person;
(2)A guardian may bind the minor or protected person if no conservator of the minor or protected person has been appointed;
(3)A parent may bind the parent's minor or unborn child if no conservator or guardian for the child has been appointed;
(4)A person who has assumed responsibility for a minor child's care or custody may bind the child if no conservator or guardian for the child has been appointed and neither parent is living;
(5)A trustee responsible for the management of all or a significant portion of the estate of an incapacitated individual other than a minor may bind the individual if no conservator or guardian for the individual has been appointed;
(6)A custodian under chapter 55-10A or equivalent provisions of another jurisdiction's laws who is responsible for all or a significant portion of the estate of a minor may bind the minor if no conservator or guardian for the minor has been appointed;
(7)An individual who has assumed responsibility for an incapacitated individual other than a minor, including a spouse of an incapacitated individual, may bind the individual if no conservator or guardian for the individual has been appointed and no agent has authority to act with respect to the matter in question, but an individual who is an employee of any assisted living, hospital, surgery center, nursing home, adult foster care, adult day care, or any other custodial care institution where the incapacitated person is residing or receiving services may not act as a representative pursuant to this subdivision;
(8)Except as provided in subdivision 55-18-20(1), an agent having authority to act with respect to the matter in question may bind the principal if the principal is incapacitated or not reasonably available;
(9)When a trust is a beneficiary of a trust, the trustee of the trust which is a beneficiary may bind the trust and the beneficiaries thereof without regard to whether the trust has yet been funded or the trustee has begun acting as trustee;
(10)When a decedent's estate is a beneficiary of a trust, the personal representative of the estate may bind the estate and the persons interested in the estate;
(11)Except as provided in § 55-18-23 , a person designated in the governing instrument to represent another person or class of persons may bind that person or class of persons;
(12)Except as provided in § 55-18-23 , if a fiduciary or other person is authorized by the terms of the governing instrument to appoint a representative and the authorized fiduciary or other person appoints a representative in writing, the representative may bind the person or class of persons identified in the appointment;
(13)Unless otherwise adequately represented pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this section, a minor, incapacitated individual, unborn individual, or a person who is not reasonably available, may be bound by a person having a substantially identical interest with respect to the matter in question;
(14)A person described in subsection 55-18-1(9)(a) may bind beneficiaries described in subsection 55-18-1(9)(b) and (c), if, with respect to the matter in question:
(a)The person agrees in writing to serve as a representative for the represented beneficiary either with regard to a particular matter, for a particular period of time, generally in any matter or future matter, or for an indefinite period of time;
(b)The interests of the person are substantially identical to the interests of the represented beneficiary; and
(c)The person does not have a conflict of interest;
(15)A person described in subsection 55-18-1(9)(d) may bind beneficiaries described in subsection 55-18-1(9)(e);
(16)A court representative appointed pursuant to § 55-18-19 may bind the person that the representative represents; and
(17)Without diminishing the authority of an attorney to act on behalf of the attorney's client, an attorney representing a person may bind the person that the attorney represents within the scope of the attorney's representation.
When more than one class of persons may act as a representative, such as where persons may act under different subdivisions of this section, the notifier has discretion in selecting which class of representatives bind the person represented, except as otherwise provided in the governing instrument. The governing instrument may provide that representatives acting pursuant to subdivisions
(11)and
(12)may act to the exclusion of any other class or classes of representatives, in certain circumstances, or in all circumstances, other than representatives acting pursuant to subdivisions
(l6)and (17).