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Code · REGISTER · 2010-12-06 · PROPOSED RULES · Agriculture Agriculture Department See Forest Service Chemical Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75662-75663 2010-30672 Commerce Commerce Department See In · Unknown

Unknown. Notice of waiver

4,833 words·~22 min read·/register/2010/12/06/2010-30402

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

--- schema: federal-register doc_type: fedreg source_file: FR-2010-12-06.xml --- 75 233 Monday, December 6, 2010 Contents Agriculture Agriculture Department See Forest Service Chemical Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75662-75663 2010-30672 Commerce Commerce Department See International Trade Administration See National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 75663 2010-30446 Committee Implementation Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements NOTICES Determinations:
Addition to Product List in Annex 3.25 of CAFTA-DR Agreement, 75664-75665 2010-30504 Commodity Futures Commodity Futures Trading Commission PROPOSED RULES Implementing the Whistleblower Provisions of Section 23 of the Commodity Exchange Act, 75728-75760 2010-29022 NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Establishing Procedures for Entities Operating as Exempt Markets, 75665-75666 2010-30474 Comptroller Comptroller of the Currency NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities;
Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 75724-75725 2010-30499 Copyright Royalty Board Copyright Royalty Board RULES Cost of Living Adjustments to Satellite Carrier Compulsory License Royalty Rates, 75624-75625 2010-30416 Council Council on Environmental Quality RULES Final Guidance for Federal Departments and Agencies: Establishing, Applying, and Revising Categorical Exclusions under National Environmental Policy Act, 75628-75638 2010-30017 Education Education Department NOTICES Advanced Placement
(AP)Test Fee Program, 75666 2010-30513 Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Correction, 75666 2010-30460 Applications for New Awards for 2011 Fiscal Year (FY): National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), etc., 75666-75671 2010-30515 Establishment of 10 Regional Advisory Committees, 75671 2010-30477 Requests For Nominations: Regional Advisory Committees, 75671-75672 2010-30475 Employment and Training Employment and Training Administration NOTICES Determinations Regarding Eligibility to Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance, 75699-75702 2010-30464 Environmental Protection Environmental Protection Agency RULES Approvals and Promulgations of Implementation Plans: North Carolina; Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point; Determination of Attaining Data for 1997 Fine Particulate Matter Standard; Correction, 75625-75626 2010-30482 North Carolina; Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir; Determination of Attaining Data for 1997 Fine Particulate Matter Standard; Correction, 75626-75627 2010-30483 Water Quality Standards for the State of Florida's Lakes and Flowing Waters, 75762-75807 2010-29943 PROPOSED RULES Approvals and Promulgations of Air Quality Implementation Plans: New Hampshire; Determination of Attainment of 1997 Ozone Standard, 75656-75658 2010-30493 Approvals and Promulgations of Implementation Plans: Alaska; Prevention of Significant Deterioration; Greenhouse Gas Permitting Authority and Tailoring Rule Revision, 75658-75661 2010-30479 NOTICES Proposed Settlement Agreements, Clean Air Act Citizen Suits, 75672-75673 2010-30492 Weekly Receipt of Environmental Impact Statements, 75674 2010-30415 Environmental Quality Council See Council on Environmental Quality Executive Office of the President See Council on Environmental Quality See Science and Technology Policy Office Farm Credit Farm Credit Administration NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75674 2010-30634 Federal Aviation Federal Aviation Administration RULES Waivers of Acceptable Mission Risk Restrictions for Reentry and Reentry Vehicles:, 75619-75621 2010-30402 Waivers of Autonomous Reentry Restrictions for Reentry Vehicles, 75621-75624 2010-30399 PROPOSED RULES Policies Clarifying Definitions for Purposes of Inspector Authorizations: Actively Engaged, 75649-75650 2010-30604 NOTICES Petitions For Exemptions, 75720-75721 2010-30425 Federal Communications Federal Communications Commission RULES Unlicensed Operations in TV Broadcast Bands, 75814-75843 2010-30184 Federal Deposit Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 75674-75676 2010-30508 2010-30509 Federal Election Federal Election Commission NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75676 2010-30413 Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration NOTICES Environmental Impact Statements; Availability, etc.: Billings County, ND, 75721 2010-30424 Final Agency Actions: Proposed Highway in Wisconsin, 75721-75722 2010-30511 Federal Maritime Federal Maritime Commission NOTICES Filings of Complaints and Assignments: Smart Garments v. Worldlink Logix Service, Inc., 75676 2010-30436 Fiscal Fiscal Service NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 75725 2010-30412 Food and Drug Food and Drug Administration NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Exports; Notification and Recordkeeping Requirements, 75677-75678 2010-30433 Guidance for Industry; Use of Serological Tests to Reduce Risk of Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, etc., 75811-75812 2010-30404 Determination of Regulatory Review Period for Purposes of Patent Extension: Besivance, 75679-75680 2010-30510 Stelara, 75678-75679 2010-30512 Guidance for Industry: Use of Serological Tests to Reduce Risk of Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, etc., 75810-75811 2010-30405 Meetings: Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee, 75680-75681 2010-30502 Peripheral and Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee, 75681-75682 2010-30501 Reclassifications of Category IIIA Biological Products, Bacterial Vaccines and Related Biological Products, etc.: Delmont Laboratories, Inc.; Denial of Request for Hearing and Revocation of License, 75682-75689 2010-30441 Forest Forest Service NOTICES Meetings: Gallatin County Resource Advisory Committee, 75662 2010-30339 Prince of Wales Resource Advisory Committee, 75662 2010-30439 Geological Geological Survey NOTICES Conferences: National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Advisory Committee, 75693-75694 2010-30397 Health and Human Health and Human Services Department See Food and Drug Administration See Health Resources and Services Administration See National Institutes of Health NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 75677 2010-30435 Health Resources Health Resources and Services Administration NOTICES Requests For Nominations: National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, 75689-75690 2010-30445 Homeland Homeland Security Department See U.S. Customs and Border Protection Housing Housing and Urban Development Department NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Act Reporting Requirements, 75692-75693 2010-30496 Mortgage Insurance for Cooperative and Condominium Housing, 75691-75692 2010-30494 Rehabilitation Mortgage Insurance Underwriting Program Section 203(k), 75693 2010-30497 Tax Credit Assistance Program: Reallocation of Funds, 75693 2010-30498 Indian Affairs Indian Affairs Bureau NOTICES Klamath Tribes Liquor Control Ordinance: Correction, 75694 2010-30437 Interior Interior Department See Geological Survey See Indian Affairs Bureau International Trade Adm International Trade Administration NOTICES Amended Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determinations and Countervailing Duty Orders: Certain Coated Paper Suitable for High-Quality Print Graphics Using Sheet-Fed Presses from People's Republic of China; Correction, 75663-75664 2010-30505 International Trade Com International Trade Commission NOTICES Investigations: Certain Footwear; Recommendations for Modifying Harmonized Tariff Schedule of United States, 75695-75696 2010-30422 Certain Semiconductor Integration Circuits Using Tungsten Metallization and Products Containing Same, 75694-75695 2010-30421 Justice Department Justice Department See Parole Commission NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: COPS Application Package, 75697 2010-30514 Request for Registration under 1962 Gambling Devices Act, 75696-75697 2010-30517 Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Clean Air Act, 75698 2010-30408 Lodgings of Modifications to Consent Decrees: United States v. City of Newburgh, et al., 75698 2010-30419 Labor Department Labor Department See Employment and Training Administration Library Library of Congress See Copyright Royalty Board NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals, 2010-30396 2010-30522 75702-75703 2010-30523 National Credit National Credit Union Administration PROPOSED RULES Corporate Credit Unions, 75648-75649 2010-30426 National Institute National Institutes of Health NOTICES Meetings: Center for Scientific Review, 75690-75691 2010-30455 2010-30458 National Cancer Institute, 75690-75691 2010-30456 National Labor National Labor Relations Board NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75703 2010-30681 National Oceanic National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RULES Fisheries Off West Coast States: Modifications of West Coast Commercial and Recreational Salmon Fisheries; Inseason Actions, 75638-75640 2010-30506 2010-30507 Nuclear Regulatory Nuclear Regulatory Commission PROPOSED RULES Transportation of Certain Types of Nuclear Waste: Advance Notification to Native American Tribes, 75641-75648 2010-30478 NOTICES Appointments of Adjudicatory Employees: Pacific Gas and Electric Co. (Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2), 75704 2010-30480 Environmental Assessments; Availability, etc.: Pa'ina Hawaii, LLC Irradiator in Honolulu, HI, 75704-75705 2010-30488 Models for Plant-Specific Adoptions; Availability: Technical Specifications Task Force
(TSTF)Traveler TSTF-431, Revision 3, Change in Technical Specifications End States (BAW-2441), 75705-75706 2010-30490 Withdrawals of Applications for Amendments to Facility Operating Licenses: Dresden Nuclear Power Station (Units 2 and 3) and Quad Cities Nuclear Power Station (Unit Nos. 1 and 2), 75706 2010-30485 Parole Parole Commission NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75698-75699 2010-30340 2010-30346 Personnel Personnel Management Office NOTICES Meetings: Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee, 75706-75707 2010-30503 Postal Regulatory Postal Regulatory Commission PROPOSED RULES Periodic Reporting Rules, 75655-75656 2010-30448 Postal Service Postal Service NOTICES Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75707 2010-30667 Public Debt Public Debt Bureau See Fiscal Service Science Technology Science and Technology Policy Office NOTICES Requests for Public Comment: Draft National Nanotechnology Initiative Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research, 75707-75708 2010-30414 Securities Securities and Exchange Commission PROPOSED RULES Temporary Rule Regarding Principal Trades with Certain Advisory Clients, 75650-75655 2010-30590 NOTICES Applications: American United Life Insurance Co., et al., 75708-75711 2010-30461 Filings of Proposed Bylaw Changes Relating to SIPC Fund Assessments on SIPC Members: Securities Investor Protection Corp., 75711-75713 2010-30434 Meetings; Sunshine Act, 75713 2010-30530 2010-30628 Self-Regulatory Organizations; Proposed Rule Changes: Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc., 75713-75715 2010-30428 Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., 75718-75719 2010-30429 NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc., 75716-75718 2010-30432 NYSE Amex LLC, 75715-75716 2010-30431 Small Business Small Business Administration NOTICES Disaster Declarations: Arizona Amendment (1), 75720 2010-30418 U.S. Virgin Islands, 75719-75720 2010-30411 Textile Agreements Implementation Committee See Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements Thrift Supervision Thrift Supervision Office NOTICES Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Survey of Information Sharing Practices with Affiliates; Amendment, 75725-75726 2010-30423 Transportation Department Transportation Department See Federal Aviation Administration See Federal Highway Administration Treasury Treasury Department See Comptroller of the Currency See Fiscal Service See Thrift Supervision Office NOTICES Extensions of Temporary Exemptions from Certain Government Securities Act Provisions and Regulations: ICE Trust U.S. LLC; Central Clearing of Credit Default Swaps, 75722-75724 2010-30430 Customs U.S. Customs and Border Protection NOTICES Cancellations of Customs Broker Licenses, 75691 2010-30427 Separate Parts In This Issue Part II Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 75728-75760 2010-29022 Part III Environmental Protection Agency, 75762-75807 2010-29943 Part IV Health and Human Services Department, Food and Drug Administration, 75810-75812 2010-30404 2010-30405 Part V Federal Communications Commission, 75814-75843 2010-30184 Reader Aids Consult the Reader Aids section at the end of this page for phone numbers, online resources, finding aids, reminders, and notice of recently enacted public laws. To subscribe to the Federal Register Table of Contents LISTSERV electronic mailing list, go to http://listserv.access.gpo.gov and select Online mailing list archives, FEDREGTOC-L, Join or leave the list (or change settings); then follow the instructions. 75 233 Monday, December 6, 2010 Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 431 Waiver of Acceptable Mission Risk Restriction for Reentry and a Reentry Vehicle AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of waiver. SUMMARY: This notice of waiver concerns two petitions for waiver submitted to the FAA by Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX): A petition to waive the requirement that a waiver petition be submitted at least sixty days before the proposed effective date; and a petition to waive the restriction that the combined risk to the public from the launch and reentry of a reentry vehicle not exceed an expected average number of 0.00003 casualties (E <sup>c</sup> ≤ 30 × 10 −6 ) from debris. The first petition is unnecessary because, as explained below, SpaceX demonstrated good cause for its late filing. The FAA grants the second petition and waives the restriction that the combined risk to the public from the launch and reentry of a reentry vehicle not exceed an expected average number of 0.00003 casualties (E <sup>c</sup> ≤ 30 × 10 −6 ) from debris. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical questions concerning this waiver, contact Philip Brinkman, Licensing Program Lead, Commercial Space Transportation—Licensing and Safety Division, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591; telephone:
(202)267-7715; e-mail: *phil.brinkman@faa.gov.* For legal questions concerning this waiver, contact Laura Montgomery, Senior Attorney for Commercial Space Transportation, AGC-200, Office of the Chief Counsel, Regulations Division, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20591; telephone:
(202)267-3150. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On October 11, 2010, SpaceX submitted a waiver petition to the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) Office of Commercial Space Transportation
(AST)requesting two waivers with respect to a reentry license for Dragon, a reentry vehicle, to be carried aboard Falcon 9 flight 002. First, SpaceX requested a waiver of 14 CFR 404.3(b)(5), which requires that a waiver petition be submitted at least sixty days before the proposed effective date of the waiver. Second, SpaceX requested a waiver of 14 CFR 431.35(b)(1)(i), 1 which prohibits a mission involving a reentry vehicle when the total expected average number of casualties (E <sup>c</sup> ) for that mission exceeds 30 × 10 −6 . 1 Even though Dragon is a reentry vehicle and not a reusable launch vehicle, 14 CFR 435.35 incorporates and applies section 431.35 to all reentry vehicles. The FAA licenses the launch of a launch vehicle, reentry of a reentry vehicle, and the operation of a launch or reentry site under authority granted to the Secretary of Transportation in the Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, as amended, codified in 49 U.S.C. Subtitle IX, chapter 701 (Chapter 701), and delegated to the FAA Administrator. The Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation exercises licensing authority under Chapter 701. SpaceX is a private commercial space flight company. It has entered into a Space Act Agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)as part of NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
(COTS)program. The COTS program is designed to stimulate efforts by the private sector to demonstrate safe, reliable, and cost-effective space transportation to the International Space Station. The petition addresses an upcoming demonstration flight that SpaceX plans to undertake as part of the COTS program. At the time of the filing of the petition, the launch was scheduled for November 8, 2010. SpaceX's Falcon 9 launch vehicle will launch a reentry vehicle, named Dragon, into orbit. Once Dragon is in orbit, it will be subjected to a ground-implemented health check. The health check is designed to check time-dependent variables to ensure the health and functionality of the propellant, power, and avionics subsystems. If Dragon passes the health check, a ground operator will issue a remote command to reenter, which will initiate Dragon's reentry and ultimately result in Dragon splashing down in the ocean off the coast of Southern California. If Dragon fails the health check, the ground operator will issue a remote command that will disable Dragon's reentry, leaving Dragon in orbit. While planning for this mission, SpaceX calculated that 21 × 10 −6 is the expected average number of casualties (E <sup>c</sup> ) to which the public will be exposed by vehicle or vehicle debris impact hazards associated with the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon. Because this E <sup>c</sup> was less than the 30 × 10 −6 limit imposed by 14 CFR 431.35(b)(1)(i), SpaceX believed that it complied with the regulations. The FAA informed SpaceX that the FAA assessed the risk for the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon as 47 × 10 −6 . The E <sup>c</sup> for the launch of Falcon 9 is 19 × 10 −6 , and by adding an E <sup>c</sup> of 7 × 10 −6 to account for the nominal reentry of Dragon and an E <sup>c</sup> of 21 × 10 −6 to account for the possibility that Dragon will initiate a failed attempt at reentry, the FAA obtained a total E <sup>c</sup> value of 47 × 10 −6 for the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon. Because the FAA's calculations resulted in a total E <sup>c</sup> value that exceeded the 30 × 10 −6 limit imposed by section 431.35(b)(1)(i), the FAA informed SpaceX that it would need to obtain a waiver. In response, SpaceX filed two petitions for a waiver. First, SpaceX requested a waiver of the requirement that a petition be submitted at least sixty days before the proposed effective date of the waiver. Second, SpaceX requested a waiver of the restriction that the total E <sup>c</sup> for a launch and reentry not exceed 30 × 10 −6 . In its waiver request, SpaceX emphasized that it had attempted to ensure public safety by adopting the following risk mitigation measures for Dragon: 1. Dragon's thermal protection system has been modified so that if it enters facing down it will burn and demise. 2. Dragon can keep orbiting in order to increase the probability of initiating a safe reentry. 3. Dragon will automatically vent its propellants if it is not able to reenter as planned. Venting occurs autonomously, but SpaceX has the ability to issue a back-up command from the ground. 4. In the case of a failed or degraded deorbit burn, Dragon automatically drains propellants and subsequently deploys its parachutes. 5. A ground command received through one of three receivers and through multiple RF links, via TDRSS and multiple ground stations, can command the venting of any remaining fuel and the draining of battery power to reduce the possibility of explosion or toxic fumes when Dragon lands. 6. Dragon has the ability to autonomously guide itself to a pre-determined site located more than 780 km from the coastline. 7. Dragon has the ability to monitor its safety-critical systems in real-time. 8. Dragon has over 100% margin on both power and propellant budgets. 9. Dragon has a space-grade Inertial Measurement Unit and space-grade flight computer, both of which have extensive flight heritage including use on the International Space Station. 10. Dragon has redundant drogue parachutes and dual redundant main parachutes. 11. The vehicle's thrusters are plumbed such that Dragon can deorbit and reenter with the loss of any two entire propulsion modules. 12. The vehicle has backup capabilities within all of its major subsystems. Waiver Criteria Chapter 701 allows the FAA to waive a license requirement if the waiver
(1)will not jeopardize public health and safety, safety of property,
(2)will not jeopardize national security and foreign policy interests of the United States, and
(3)will be in the public interest. 49 U.S.C. 70105(b)(3) (2010); 14 CFR 404.5(b) (2010). Section 404.3 Waiver Petition Section 404.3(b)(5) requires that a petition for a waiver be submitted at least sixty days before the proposed effective date of the waiver. However, this section also provides that a petition may be submitted late if the petitioner shows good cause. *Id.* (b)(5). Here, SpaceX submitted its waiver petition on October 11, 2010, which was less than sixty days from its planned November 8, 2010, launch date. However, in its petition, SpaceX explained that it initially calculated the risk for the launch of Falcon 9 and the reentry of Dragon in a different manner than the FAA, and was not aware that a waiver would be required until so informed by the FAA. Once the FAA informed SpaceX that it needed to obtain a waiver, SpaceX proceeded to apply for the waiver “in a timely fashion.” As such, the FAA has found that SpaceX had good cause for submitting its waiver petition less than sixty days from the planned November 8, 2010, launch date. Therefore, SpaceX's late submission does not violate section 404.3(b)(5), and a waiver of that section is unnecessary. Section 431.35(b)(1)(i) Waiver Petition Section 431.35(b)(1)(i) prohibits a launch and reentry mission if the total E <sup>c</sup> for that mission exceeds 30 × 10 −6 . For reasons described below, the FAA waives this restriction to allow SpaceX to conduct a mission whose total E <sup>c</sup> is 47 × 10 −6 , where launch and reentry are each less than 30 × 10 −6 . In deciding whether or not to issue a waiver, the FAA had to analyze whether the waiver:
(1)Would jeopardize public health and safety or safety of property;
(2)would jeopardize national security and foreign policy interests of the United States; and
(3)was in the public interest. *See* 49 U.S.C. 70105(b)(3); 14 CFR 404.5(b). A. Public Health and Safety and Safety of Property In order to determine whether granting a waiver would jeopardize public health and safety or safety of property, the FAA considered:
(1)Whether section 431.35 requires that the E <sup>c</sup> calculations account for the possibility of a random uncontrolled reentry that occurs as a result of a reentry vehicle ceasing to function upon arrival in orbit;
(2)whether granting a waiver would be consistent with the safety rationale underlying section 431.35; and
(3)whether there were any other factors that would impact the waiver decision in this case. i. Random Uncontrolled Reentry At the outset, the FAA first addressed whether to account for random uncontrolled reentry not associated with a licensed reentry. Section 431.35 could apply to two types of random uncontrolled reentry:
(1)A random uncontrolled reentry occurring as a result of a failed reentry attempt; and
(2)a random uncontrolled reentry occurring as a result of a reentry vehicle ceasing to function upon arrival in orbit. The preamble to the final rule provides ambiguous guidance on this matter. *Commercial Space Transportation Reusable Launch Vehicle and Reentry Licensing Regulations, Final Rule,* 65 FR 56618 (Sep. 19, 2000). When discussing the possibility of requiring contingency abort locations for reentries, the preamble states that an applicant would have to show that an uncontrolled random reentry would not exceed acceptable risk criteria for the mission. *Id.* at 56641. Another part of the preamble states that risk to public safety from a reentry that is “essentially random or otherwise non-nominal” would be assessed as part of the licensing process and an applicant would have to demonstrate that such a reentry would not exceed acceptable risk criteria for the mission. *Id.* at 56623 n.2. As a result of this waiver petition, the FAA has had to address to which of the two possible random reentry scenarios this assessment must apply. One possible interpretation of the preamble is that section 431.35 requires that the E <sup>c</sup> calculations account for the possibility of a random uncontrolled reentry that occurs as a result of a reentry vehicle ceasing to function upon arrival in orbit. However, this interpretation would be problematic because Chapter 701 limits the FAA's licensing of reentry to scenarios involving purposeful reentry. *See* 49 U.S.C. 70102(12) (defining “reentry” as a purposeful act); *see also* 65 FR at 56624 (clarifying that, under Chapter 701, section 431.35 is intended to regulate scenarios in which “survivability by design is combined with the purposeful act of reentry”). Because a random uncontrolled reentry arising out of a reentry vehicle ceasing to function upon arrival in orbit is not purposeful and is thus not licensed, an interpretation that section 431.35 applies to this type of reentry would conflict with Chapter 701. The better approach is to limit the risk associated with a random uncontrolled reentry to that caused by a failed reentry attempt. Because an attempt at a reentry is a purposeful act and thus requires a license, the FAA should account for the risk associated with a random uncontrolled reentry that occurs as a result of a failed attempt. *See* 49 U.S.C. at 70102(12); 65 FR at 56624. Under the above rationale, the total E <sup>c</sup> for the reentry of Dragon is the E <sup>c</sup> for nominal reentry (7 × 10 −6 ) plus the E <sup>c</sup> for the possibility of a failed attempt at reentry (21 × 10 −6 ), which results in a total reentry E <sup>c</sup> of 28 × 10 −6 . When the E <sup>c</sup> for the launch of Falcon 9 (19 × 10 −6 ) is added to the reentry E <sup>c</sup> of Dragon, the combined E <sup>c</sup> for the Falcon 9 launch and Dragon reentry comes out to 47 × 10 −6 . ii. Consistency With Rationale for Section 431.35 The next matter that the FAA addressed was whether granting a waiver in this case would be consistent with the safety rationale underlying section 431.35. In the preamble to the notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM), the FAA explained that, when it was drafting section 431.35, it decided to use a single aggregate risk threshold for a mission involving the launch and reentry of a reentry vehicle. *Commercial Space Transportation Reusable Launch Vehicle and Reentry Licensing Regulations, NPRM,* 64 FR 19626, 19635 (Apr. 21, 1999). However, the FAA also acknowledged that there could be circumstances where it would be appropriate to separate launch from reentry risk, such as where different operators were involved and could be apportioned allowable risk thresholds, or where intervening events or time made reentry risks sufficiently independent of launch risks as to warrant separate consideration. *Id.* Here, the health check of Dragon, a different vehicle than the Falcon 9 launch vehicle, that will take place once Dragon is in orbit is an intervening event that makes the launch risk associated with the launch of Falcon 9 independent of the reentry risk associated with the reentry of Dragon. The health check will permit SpaceX to reevaluate Dragon's condition after the launch has taken place, and to make a fresh determination about whether Dragon should be permitted to reenter. If, after conducting a post-launch health check of Dragon, SpaceX finds safety concerns associated with reentry, SpaceX will be able to issue a command to disable Dragon's reentry. As such, because the reentry of Dragon is based on the results of an in-orbit health check that will be conducted independently of the launch, the risks associated with the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon are sufficiently independent to warrant separate consideration in this case. Evaluating these risks separately, the E <sup>c</sup> for the launch of Falcon 9 is 19 × 10 −6 , which is within the 30 × 10 −6 limit imposed by section 431.35(b)(1)(i). Likewise, the E <sup>c</sup> for the reentry of Dragon is 28 × 10 −6 , which is also within the 30 × 10 −6 limit that the FAA applies to launch hazards. Accordingly, the FAA has determined that granting a waiver in this case would be consistent with the safety rationale underlying section 431.35. iii. Other Factors Impacting the Waiver Decision Dragon's mitigation measures were another factor that influenced the FAA's analysis with regard to whether a waiver would jeopardize public health and safety and safety of property. As stated above, the Dragon capsule employs numerous risk mitigation measures to reduce the risk to the public from the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon. The FAA has taken particular notice of the way in which Dragon's electrical power system (batteries), flight computer, and propulsion system will reduce risk to the public. For instance, Dragon has more than four times the propellant needed for a safe reentry in the target area. The additional propellant increases the probability that Dragon will land in its nominal target area instead of a population center. Dragon also has three parachutes, which decrease risk to the public because only one of these parachutes is necessary for a low impact landing. The additional parachutes reduce the chance that Dragon will crash into the ground while attempting to land. SpaceX has also designed the Dragon reentry vehicle to vent propellants in the case of an aborted or off-nominal reentry. This mitigation measure greatly reduces the risk to the public because it allows Dragon to safely dispose of hazardous propellant materials if something should go wrong with the mission. As a result of Dragon's mitigation measures, as well as the other considerations discussed above, the FAA has determined that granting a waiver in this case would not jeopardize public health and safety or safety of property. B. National Security and Foreign Policy Implications The FAA has identified no national security or foreign policy implications associated with granting this waiver. C. Public Interest Two of the public policy goals of Chapter 701 are:
(1)To promote economic growth and entrepreneurial activity through use of the space environment; and
(2)to encourage the United States private sector to provide launch and reentry vehicles and associated services. 49 U.S.C. 70101(b)(1) and (2). Here, granting this waiver is consistent with the public interest goals articulated by Chapter 701. A goal of the COTS program's mission is to ultimately develop the capability to resupply the International Space Station. SpaceX's demonstration launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon is a step toward achieving that goal. This demonstration launch is important in light of the fact that the U.S. Government is ending the Space Shuttle Program and NASA plans to rely upon its COTS Program to develop a robust domestic commercial space transportation capability. This capability will provide the United States with the ability to resupply the International Space Station. As such, granting SpaceX's waiver request will be consistent with Chapter 701's policy goals by:
(1)Promoting SpaceX's entrepreneurial activity in the space environment; and
(2)encouraging a private U.S. company to develop and launch a launch vehicle (Falcon 9) and a reentry vehicle (Dragon). Summary and Conclusion A waiver will not jeopardize public health and safety or safety of property because:
(1)The risk associated with the launch of Falcon 9 and the risk associated with the reentry of Dragon are each under an E <sup>c</sup> of 30 × 10 −6 ; and
(2)the Dragon capsule employs numerous risk mitigation measures including an in-orbit health check. The waiver also will not jeopardize national security and foreign policy interests of the United States. A waiver is in the public interest because it furthers the statutory goals of Chapter 701. For the foregoing reasons, the FAA has waived the restriction that the combined risk to the public from the launch of Falcon 9 and reentry of Dragon cannot exceed an expected average number of 0.00003 casualties (30 × 10 −6 ) from debris. Issued in Washington, DC, on November 30, 2010. Kenneth Wong, Commercial Space Transportation, Licensing and Safety Division Manager. [FR Doc. 2010-30402 Filed 12-3-10; 8:45 am]
Connectionstraces to 4
4 references not yet in our index
  • 14 CFR 431
  • 14 CFR 431.35(b)(1)(i)
  • 14 CFR 435.35
  • 49 USC 70105(b)(3)
Citation graph
cites case law
Unknown
Notice of waiver
Cite14 CFR 431
Cite14 CFR 431.35(b)(1)(i)
Cite14 CFR 435.35
Cite49 USC 70105(b)(3)
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