§ 2316. Exclusion or modification of warranties.

344 words·~2 min read·/pa/title-13/chapter-23/2316

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(a)Construction of words or conduct limiting warranties.-- Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed wherever reasonable as consistent with each other; but subject to the provisions of this division on parol or extrinsic evidence (section 2202) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.

(b)Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.-- Subject to subsection (c), to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify any implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that "There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face hereof."

(c)Implied warranties in general.-- Notwithstanding subsection (b):

(1)Unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like "as is," "with all faults" or other language which in common understanding calls the attention of the buyer to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty.

(2)When the buyer before entering into the contract has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as he desired or has refused to examine the goods there is no implied warranty with regard to defects which an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to him.

(3)An implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade.

(d)Limitation of remedies for breach of warranty.-- Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions of this division on liquidation or limitation of damages (section 2718) and on contractual modification of remedy (section 2719).

13c2316v

Cross References. Section 2316 is referred to in sections 2314, 2315 of this title.

13c2317s