Tap any paragraph to write a margin note. Your notes collect in the Desk below the text and file under cases with @. The side-by-side margin rail opens on a larger screen.

Code · New York · Civil Practice Law & Rules · Evidence

§ 4540-A. Presumption of authenticity based on a party's production of material authored or otherwise created by the party.

82 words·~1 min read·/ny/civil-practice-law-rules/evidence/4540-a·

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

Rule 4540-a. Presumption of authenticity based on a party's production
of material authored or otherwise created by the party. Material
produced by a party in response to a demand pursuant to article
thirty-one of this chapter for material authored or otherwise created by
such party shall be presumed authentic when offered into evidence by an
adverse party. Such presumption may be rebutted by a preponderance of
evidence proving such material is not authentic, and shall not preclude
any other objection to admissibility.
★   the supreme law of the land   ★
Don't Tread on Me
E Pluribus Unum — out of many, one

"If you don't know your rights, you don't have any."

Marginalia · a citizen's law index
A research desk, not legal advice. Always read the cited source before relying on a summary.
Questions or an issue? support@self-law.org
disclaimerMarginalia is a research index, not a law firm. Nothing on this site is legal, tax, or financial advice and no attorney–client relationship is formed by using it. Statutes, regulations, and case law change; summaries, search results, AI output, and member posts may be incomplete, out of date, or wrong. Any interpretation drawn from material on this site should be validated by a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction before you act on it.