32A-4-28. Termination of parental rights; adoption decree.
665 words·~3 min read·
/nm/chapter-32a-children-s-code/article-4-child-abuse-and-neglect/32a-4-28·A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
A. In proceedings to terminate parental rights, the court shall give primary consideration to the physical, mental and emotional welfare and needs of the child, including the likelihood of the child being adopted if parental rights are terminated.
B. The court shall terminate parental rights with respect to a child when:
(1)there has been an abandonment of the child by the child's parents;
(2)the child has been a neglected or abused child as defined in the Abuse and Neglect Act and the court finds that the conditions and causes of the neglect and abuse are unlikely to change in the foreseeable future despite reasonable efforts by the department or other appropriate agency to assist the parent in adjusting the conditions that render the parent unable to properly care for the child. The court may find in some cases that efforts by the department or another agency are unnecessary, when:
(a)there is a clear showing that the efforts would be futile; or
(b)the parent has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances; or
(3)the child has been placed in the care of others, including care by other relatives, either by a court order or otherwise and the following conditions exist:
(a)the child has lived in the home of others for an extended period of time;
(b)the parent-child relationship has disintegrated;
(c)a psychological parent-child relationship has developed between the substitute family and the child;
(d)if the court deems the child of sufficient capacity to express a preference, the child no longer prefers to live with the natural parent;
(e)the substitute family desires to adopt the child; and
(f)a presumption of abandonment created by the conditions described in Subparagraphs
(a)through
(e)of this paragraph has not been rebutted.
C. A finding by the court that all of the conditions set forth in Subparagraphs
(a)through
(f)of Paragraph
(3)of Subsection B of this section exist shall create a rebuttable presumption of abandonment.
D. The department shall not file a motion, and shall not join a motion filed by another party, to terminate parental rights:
(1)when the sole factual basis for the motion is that a child's parent is or was formerly incarcerated; or
(2)if the motion is based, to any extent, on the fact that the child is an Indian child or that the child's parent or parents are Indian.
E. If the court finds that parental rights should be terminated; that the requirements for the adoption of a child have been satisfied; that the prospective adoptive parent is a party to the action; and that good cause exists to waive the filing of a separate petition for adoption, the court may proceed to grant adoption of the child, absent an appeal of the termination of parental rights. The court shall not waive any time requirements set forth in the Adoption Act [Chapter 32A, Article 5 NMSA 1978] unless the termination of parental rights occurred pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph
(3)of Subsection B of this section. The court may enter a decree of adoption only after finding that the party seeking to adopt the child has satisfied all of the requirements set forth in the Adoption Act. Unless otherwise stipulated by all parties, an adoption decree shall take effect sixty days after the termination of parental rights, to allow the department sufficient time to provide counseling for the child and otherwise prepare the child for the adoption. The adoption decree shall conform to the requirements of the Adoption Act and shall have the same force and effect as other adoption decrees entered pursuant to that act. The court clerk shall assign an adoption case number to the adoption decree.
History: 1978 Comp., § 32A-4-28, enacted by Laws 1993, ch. 77, § 122; 1995, ch. 206, § 25; 1997, ch. 34, § 9; 1999, ch. 77, § 10; 2001, ch. 41, § 1; 2005, ch. 189, § 51; 2022, ch. 41, § 54.