28-111. Enhanced penalty; enumerated offenses.

277 words·~1 min read·/ne/chapter-28/28-111

A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.

Any person who commits one or more of the following criminal offenses against a person or a person's property because of the person's race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability or because of the person's association with a person of a certain race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability shall be punished by the imposition of the next higher penalty classification than the penalty classification prescribed for the criminal offense, unless such criminal offense is already punishable as a Class IB felony or higher classification:

Manslaughter, section 28-305 ; assault in the first degree, section 28-308 ; assault in the second degree, section 28-309 ; assault in the third degree, section 28-310 ; terroristic threats, section 28-311.01 ; stalking, section 28-311.03 ; kidnapping, section 28-313 ; false imprisonment in the first degree, section 28-314 ; false imprisonment in the second degree, section 28-315 ; sexual assault in the first degree, section 28-319 ; sexual assault in the second or third degree, section 28-320 ; sexual assault of a child, sections 28-319.01 and 28-320.01 ; arson in the first degree, section 28-502 ; arson in the second degree, section 28-503 ; arson in the third degree, section 28-504 ; criminal mischief, section 28-519 ; unauthorized application of graffiti, section 28-524 ; criminal trespass in the first degree, section 28-520 ; or criminal trespass in the second degree, section 28-521 .

The phrase "because of" requires the State to prove some causal connection between the victim's association with a person of a certain sexual orientation and the criminal act. State v. Duncan, 293 Neb. 359, 878 N.W.2d 363 (2016).