445.964 Action for declaratory judgment or injunction; action for actual damages and attorneys' fees; class action for actual damages; order; appointment of receiver; seq
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/mi/chapter-445/445-964A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
445.964 Action for declaratory judgment or injunction; action for actual damages and attorneys' fees; class action for actual damages; order; appointment of receiver; sequestration of assets; cost of notice to class; effect of bona fide effort; limitations; defense or counterclaim.
Sec. 14.
(1)Whether or not a person seeks damages or has an adequate remedy at law, a person may bring an action to do either or both of the following:
(a)Obtain a declaratory judgment that a method, act, or practice is unlawful under this act.
(b)Enjoin in accordance with the principles of equity a person who is engaging or is about to engage in a method, act, or practice which is unlawful under this act.
(2)Except in a class action, a person who suffers loss as a result of a violation of this act may bring an action to recover actual damages or $250.00, whichever is greater, together with reasonable attorneys' fees.
(3)A person who suffers loss as a result of a violation of this act may bring a class action on behalf of persons residing or injured in this state for the actual damages caused by a method, act, or practice which is prohibited by this act.
(4)On motion of a person and without bond in an action brought under subsection
(3)the court may make an appropriate order: to reimburse persons who have suffered damages; to carry out a transaction in accordance with the aggrieved persons' reasonable expectations; to strike or limit the application of unconscionable clauses of contracts to avoid an unconscionable result; or to grant other appropriate relief. The court after a hearing may appoint a receiver or order sequestration of the defendant's assets if it appears to the satisfaction of the court that the defendant threatens or is about to remove, conceal, or dispose of his or her assets to the detriment of members of the class.
(5)If at any stage of proceedings brought under subsection
(3)the court requires that notice be sent to the class, a person may petition the court to require the defendant to bear the cost of notice. In determining whether to impose the cost on the defendant or the plaintiff, the court shall consider the probability that the person will succeed on the merits of his or her action.
(6)If the defendant shows by a preponderance of the evidence that a violation of this act resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid the error, the amount of recovery shall be limited to actual damages.
(7)An action under this section shall not be brought more than 6 years after the occurrence of the method, act, or practice which is the subject of the action nor more than 1 year after the last payment in a transaction involving the method, act, or practice which is the subject of the action, whichever period of time ends at a later date. However, when a person commences an action against another person, the defendant may assert, as a defense or counterclaim, any claim under this act arising out of the transaction on which the action is brought.
History: 1984, Act 424, Eff. Mar. 29, 1985