411.184 Definitions -- Punitive damages -- Proof of punitive damages.
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/ky/chapter-411/411-184A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
(1)As used in this section and KRS 411.186, unless the context requires otherwise:
(a)"Oppression" means conduct which is specifically intended by the defendant
to subject the plaintiff to cruel and unjust hardship.
(b)"Fraud" means an intentional misrepresentation, deceit, or concealment of
material fact known to the defendant and made with the intention of causing
injury to the plaintiff.
(c)"Malice" means either conduct which is specifically intended by the defendant
to cause tangible or intangible injury to the plaintiff or conduct that is carried
out by the defendant both with a flagrant indifference to the rights of the
plaintiff and with a subjective awareness that such conduct will result in
human death or bodily harm.
(d)"Plaintiff" means any party claiming punitive damages.
(e)"Defendant" means any party against whom punitive damages are sought.
(f)"Punitive damages" includes exemplary damages and means damages, other
than compensatory and nominal damages, awarded against a person to punish
and to discourage him and others from similar conduct in the future.
(2)A plaintiff shall recover punitive damages only upon proving, by clear and
convincing evidence, that the defendant from whom such damages are sought acted
toward the plaintiff with oppression, fraud or malice.
(3)In no case shall punitive damages be assessed against a principal or employer for
the act of an agent or employee unless such principal or employer authorized or
ratified or should have anticipated the conduct in question.
(4)In no case shall punitive damages be awarded for breach of contract.
(5)This statute is applicable to all cases in which punitive damages are sought and
supersedes any and all existing statutory or judicial law insofar as such law is
inconsistent with the provisions of this statute.