Sec. 304. Data assimilation, management, and sharing practices
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Title III of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017, as amended by section 303 of this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following: The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the weather enterprise, shall seek to establish consistent and open data and metadata standards to support open science, including simple cloud-optimized data formats and application programming interfaces that support findability, accessibility, usability, and preservability.
The Under Secretary, in consultation with the Chief Information Officer and appropriate program heads, shall consolidate and arrange data infrastructure needs to ensure efficient and effective data transfer between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration offices by considering the use of commercial cloud technologies, or similar hybrid structures, to host and transmit data and metadata. In carrying out paragraph (1), the Under Secretary may partner with the heads of other Federal agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy, the Space Force, the Coast Guard, the Navy, the Federal Aviation Administration, the Forest Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey, to co-locate data with joint utility and support a transition to cloud architectures, including commercial cloud networks.
The Under Secretary shall ensure the long-term management, maintenance, and stewardship of archival data and metadata acquired through the Commercial Data Program under section 302 is conducted within the National Centers for Environmental Information. To the greatest extent practicable, the Under Secretary shall— continue to ensure the delivery of data through sound and robust infrastructure, such as data sharing capabilities of the industry proving grounds; and make accessible to members of the weather enterprise that are United States persons data that is— not subject to redistribution contract permissions; or purchased through the Commercial Data Program under section 302 or shared through international government partners.
If data described in paragraph (1)(B) are required to be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models or automated forecast guidance to satisfy terms of a redistribution contract, the Under Secretary shall make accessible without delay to members of the weather enterprise that are United States persons the numerical weather prediction model or automated forecast guidance output, as the case may be. The Under Secretary, in coordination with the Commercial Data Program under section 302, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, the National Centers for Environmental Information, the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and any other relevant offices within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall establish a program to test, advance, and implement data assimilation methods, which may include artificial intelligence, machine learning, data pre- and post-processing, efficient input and output, and next-generation algorithms.
Through the program established pursuant to paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall establish a consortium consisting of institutions of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )) to address critical research challenges for data assimilation and foster a growing data assimilation workforce. The consortium established under subparagraph
(A)shall seek— to solve critical research issues relating to data assimilation through innovative research; to increase significantly the number of students, including Ph.D. candidates and other graduate-level students, in data assimilation; to use modern software and frameworks, such as the Joint Effort for Data Assimilation Integration, or emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, to conduct data assimilation research and development and facilitate research-to-operations efforts to improve weather modeling and prediction; to identify and prioritize critical research areas in data assimilation and facilitate operations-to-research efforts; to establish and enable an effective collaboration infrastructure between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration facilities, such as laboratories, centers, or joint agency institutes, and the research community, including a mechanism for external partners to host Administration employees; and to establish mechanisms to enable all members of the consortium to archive and access data required to support the work under this subsection. In carrying out this subsection, the Under Secretary shall ensure the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and its associated activities focus on research-to-operations and operations-to-research efforts, including by coordinating and collaborating with the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The activities authorized under this subsection shall be conducted in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (division B of Public Law 117–167 ; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq. ). Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement with a non-Federal entity to conduct a study on matters concerning data practices and management needs at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In conducting the study under paragraph (1), the outside entity shall— assess the costs and benefits of current data management needs for observational and operational mission requirements; develop recommendations regarding how to make the data portfolio of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration more robust and cost effective; identify data infrastructure technologies and needs that are essential to the performance of modeling systems of the Administration; assess the sharing needs and practices of the Administration for both internal and external dissemination; develop recommendations for methods of data infrastructure sharing, including data purchased from the commercial sector; and develop recommendations for data standards, formats, and protocols to support artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques. There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out the study under paragraph
(1)and shall remain available until expended. .
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Sec. 304
Data assimilation, management, and sharing practices
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