Sec. 10101. Safety net

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Section 1111(19) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9011(19) ) is amended to read as follows: Subject to subparagraphs

(B)and (C), the term reference price , with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year, means the following: For wheat, $6.35 per bushel. For corn, $4.10 per bushel. For grain sorghum, $4.40 per bushel. For barley, $5.45 per bushel. For oats, $2.65 per bushel. For long grain rice, $16.90 per hundredweight. For medium grain rice, $16.90 per hundredweight. For soybeans, $10.00 per bushel. For other oilseeds, $23.75 per hundredweight. For peanuts, $630.00 per ton. For dry peas, $13.10 per hundredweight. For lentils, $23.75 per hundredweight. For small chickpeas, $22.65 per hundredweight. For large chickpeas, $25.65 per hundredweight. For seed cotton, $0.42 per pound. Effective beginning with the 2031 crop year, the reference prices defined in subparagraph

(A)with respect to a covered commodity shall equal the reference price in the previous crop year multiplied by 1.005. In no case shall a reference price for a covered commodity exceed 115 percent of the reference price for such covered commodity listed in subparagraph (A). . Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9012 ) is amended— in subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 ; and by adding at the end the following: As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this subsection, and notwithstanding subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide notice to owners of eligible farms pursuant to paragraph

(4)and allocate to those eligible farms a total of not more than an additional 30,000,000 base acres in the manner provided in this subsection. The notice under paragraph

(1)shall include the following: Information that the allocation is occurring. Information regarding the eligibility of the farm for an allocation of base acres under paragraph (4). Information regarding how an owner may appeal a determination of ineligibility for an allocation of base acres under paragraph

(4)through an appeals process established by the Secretary. An owner of a farm that is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres may elect to not receive that allocation by notifying the Secretary. Subject to subparagraph (D), effective beginning with the 2026 crop year, a farm is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres if, with respect to the farm, the amount described in subparagraph

(B)exceeds the amount described in subparagraph (C). The amount described in this subparagraph, with respect to a farm, is the sum of— the 5-year average of— the acreage planted on the farm to all covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; plus the lesser of— 15 percent of the total acres on the farm; and the 5-year average of— the acreage planted on the farm to eligible noncovered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to eligible noncovered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary. The amount described in this subparagraph, with respect to a farm, is the total number of base acres for covered commodities on the farm (excluding unassigned crop base), as in effect on September 30, 2024. In the case of a farm for which the amount determined under clause

(i)of subparagraph

(B)is equal to zero, that farm shall be ineligible to receive an allocation of base acres under this subsection. In this paragraph, the term acreage planted on the farm to eligible noncovered commodities means acreage planted on a farm to commodities other than covered commodities, trees, bushes, vines, grass, or pasture (including cropland that was idle or fallow), as determined by the Secretary. Subject to paragraphs

(4)and (7), the number of base acres allocated to an eligible farm shall— be equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the amount determined under subparagraph

(C)of paragraph

(4)from the amount determined under subparagraph

(B)of that paragraph; and include unassigned crop base. The Secretary shall allocate the number of base acres under paragraph

(5)among those covered commodities planted on the farm at any time during the 2019 through 2023 crop years. The allocation of additional base acres for covered commodities shall be in proportion to the ratio of— the 5-year average of— the acreage planted on the farm to each covered commodity for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to that covered commodity because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; to the 5-year average determined under paragraph (4)(B)(i). For the purpose of determining a 5-year acreage average under subparagraph

(B)for a farm, the Secretary shall not exclude any crop year in which a covered commodity was not planted. For the purpose of determining under subparagraph

(B)the acreage on a farm that producers planted or were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities, if the acreage that was planted or prevented from being planted was devoted to another covered commodity in the same crop year (other than a covered commodity produced under an established practice of double cropping), the owner may elect the covered commodity to be used for that crop year in determining the 5-year average, but may not include both the initial covered commodity and the subsequent covered commodity. The allocation of additional base acres among covered commodities on a farm under this paragraph may not result in a total number of base acres for the farm in excess of the total number of acres on the farm. In carrying out this subsection, if the total number of eligible acres allocated to base acres across all farms in the United States under this subsection would exceed 30,000,000 acres, the Secretary shall apply an across-the-board, pro-rata reduction to the number of eligible acres to ensure the number of allocated base acres under this subsection is equal to 30,000,000 acres. Beginning with crop year 2026, for the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under section 1116, the Secretary shall establish payment yields to base acres allocated under this subsection equal to— the payment yield established on the farm for the applicable covered commodity; and if no such payment yield for the applicable covered commodity exists, a payment yield— equal to the average payment yield for the covered commodity for the county in which the farm is situated; or determined pursuant to section 1113(c). In the case of a farm for which the owner on the date of enactment of this subsection was not the owner for the 2019 through 2023 crop years, the Secretary shall use the planting history of the prior owner or owners of that farm for purposes of determining— eligibility under paragraph (4); eligible acres under paragraph (5); and the allocation of acres under paragraph (6). . Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9015 ) is amended— in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph

(1)by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 ; and in subsection (c)— in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as applicable and inserting 2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2026 crop year, as applicable ; in paragraph (1), by striking 2014 crop year or the 2019 crop year, as applicable, and inserting 2014 crop year, 2019 crop year, or 2026 crop year, as applicable, ; and in paragraph (2)— in subparagraph (A), by striking and at the end; in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: the same coverage for each covered commodity on the farm for the 2026 through 2031 crop years as was applicable for the 2024 crop year. . Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9016 ) is amended— in subsection (a)(2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 ; in subsection (c)(1)(B)— in the subparagraph heading, by striking and inserting 2023 ; and 2031 in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 ; in subsection (d), by striking 2025 and inserting 2031 ; and in subsection (g), by striking 2012 through 2016 each place it appears and inserting 2017 through 2021 . Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9017 ) is amended— in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 ; in subsection (c)— in paragraph (1), by inserting for each of the 2014 through 2024 crop years and 90 percent of the benchmark revenue for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years before the period at the end; by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 ; and in paragraph (4)(B), in the subparagraph heading, by striking and inserting 2023 ; 2031 by amending subsection (d)(1)(B) to read as follows: for each of the crop years 2014 through 2024, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c); and for each of the crop years 2025 through 2031, 12.5 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c). ; and in subsections (e), (g)(5), and (i)(5), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 . Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308 ) is amended— in subsection (a)— by redesignating paragraph

(5)as paragraph (6); and by inserting after paragraph

(4)the following: The term qualified pass-through entity means— a partnership (within the meaning of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986); an S corporation (as defined in section 1361 of that Code); a limited liability company that does not affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation; and a joint venture or general partnership. ; in subsections

(b)and (c), by striking except a joint venture or general partnership each place it appears and inserting except a qualified pass-through entity ; and in subsection (d), by striking subtitle B and all that follows through the end and inserting title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014. . Section 1001(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii) ) is amended— in the clause heading, by striking and inserting joint ventures and general partnerships ; qualified pass-through entities by striking a joint venture or a general partnership and inserting a qualified pass-through entity ; by striking joint ventures and general partnerships and inserting qualified pass-through entities ; and by striking the joint venture or general partnership and inserting the qualified pass-through entity . Section 1001A(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308–1(b)(2) ) is amended— in subparagraphs

(A)and (B), by striking in a general partnership, a participant in a joint venture each place it appears and inserting a qualified pass-through entity ; and in subparagraph (C), by striking a general partnership, joint venture, or similar entity and inserting a qualified pass-through entity or a similar entity . Section 1001B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308–2(d) ) is amended by striking partnerships and joint ventures and inserting qualified pass-through entities . Section 1001D(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(d)) is amended by striking , general partnership, or joint venture each place it appears. Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 ( 7 U.S.C. 1308 ) is amended— in subsection (b)— by striking The and inserting Subject to subsection (i), the ; and by striking $125,000 and inserting $155,000 ; in subsection (c)— by striking The and inserting Subject to subsection (i), the ; and by striking $125,000 and inserting $155,000 ; and by adding at the end the following: For the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the Secretary shall annually adjust the amounts described in subsections

(b)and

(c)for inflation based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor. . Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(b)) is amended— in paragraph (1), by striking paragraph

(3)and inserting paragraphs

(3)and

(4); and by adding at the end the following: In this paragraph: The term excepted payment or benefit means— a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq. ); a payment or benefit under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 ( 7 U.S.C. 7333 ); and a payment or benefit described in paragraph (2)(C) received on or after October 1, 2024. The term farming, ranching, or silviculture activities includes agritourism, direct-to-consumer marketing of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment by a person or legal entity that owns such equipment, and other agriculture-related activities, as determined by the Secretary. In the case of an excepted payment or benefit, the limitation established by paragraph

(1)shall not apply to a person or legal entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of the average gross income of the person or legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture activities. . Section 1201(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1) ) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 . Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9032 ) is amended— in subsection (b)— in the subsection heading, by striking and inserting 2023 ; and 2025 in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2023 and inserting 2025 ; by redesignating subsections

(c)and

(d)as subsections

(d)and (e), respectively; by inserting after subsection

(b)the following: For purposes of each of the 2026 through 2031 crop years, the loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity shall be equal to the following: In the case of wheat, $3.72 per bushel. In the case of corn, $2.42 per bushel. In the case of grain sorghum, $2.42 per bushel. In the case of barley, $2.75 per bushel. In the case of oats, $2.20 per bushel. In the case of upland cotton, $0.55 per pound. In the case of extra long staple cotton, $1.00 per pound. In the case of long grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight. In the case of medium grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight. In the case of soybeans, $6.82 per bushel. In the case of other oilseeds, $11.10 per hundredweight for each of the following kinds of oilseeds: Sunflower seed. Rapeseed. Canola. Safflower. Flaxseed. Mustard seed. Crambe. Sesame seed. Other oilseeds designated by the Secretary. In the case of dry peas, $6.87 per hundredweight. In the case of lentils, $14.30 per hundredweight. In the case of small chickpeas, $11.00 per hundredweight. In the case of large chickpeas, $15.40 per hundredweight. In the case of graded wool, $1.60 per pound. In the case of nongraded wool, $0.55 per pound. In the case of mohair, $5.00 per pound. In the case of honey, $1.50 per pound. In the case of peanuts, $390 per ton. ; in subsection

(d)(as so redesignated), by striking (a)(11) and (b)(11) and inserting (a)(11), (b)(11), and (c)(11) ; and by amending subsection

(e)(as so redesignated) to read as follows: For purposes of section 1116(b)(2) and paragraphs (1)(B)(ii) and (2)(A)(ii)(II) of section 1117(b), the loan rate shall be deemed to equal— for seed cotton, $0.30 per pound; and for corn, $3.30 per bushel. Nothing in this subsection authorizes any nonrecourse marketing assistance loan under this subtitle for seed cotton. . Section 1204(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9034(g) ) is amended— by striking Effective and inserting the following: Effective ; in paragraph

(1)(as so designated), by striking 2023 and inserting 2025 ; and by adding at the end the following: Effective for each of the 2026 through 2031 crop years, the Secretary shall make cotton storage payments for upland cotton and extra long staple cotton available in the same manner as the Secretary provided storage payments for the 2006 crop of upland cotton, except that the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of— the submitted tariff rate for the current marketing year; and in the case of storage in— California or Arizona, a payment rate of $4.90; and any other State, a payment rate of $3.00. . Section 1205(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9035(a)(2)(B) ) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 . Section 1206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9036 ) is amended, in subsections

(a)and (d), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 . Section 1208(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9038(a) ) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 2026 and inserting 2032 . Section 1209 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9039 ) is amended, in subsections (a)(2), (b), and (c), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 . Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9034 ) is amended— in subsection (b)— by redesignating paragraph

(1)as subparagraph

(A)and indenting appropriately; in the matter preceding subparagraph

(A)(as so redesignated), by striking The Secretary and inserting the following: The Secretary ; and by striking paragraph

(2)and inserting the following: in the case of long grain rice and medium grain rice, the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section; or in the case of upland cotton, the lowest prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section, during the 30-day period following the day on which the producer repays the marketing assistance loan. In the case of a repayment for a marketing assistance loan for upland cotton at a rate described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii), the Secretary shall provide to the producer a refund (if any) in an amount equal to the difference between the lowest prevailing world market price described in that paragraph and the repayment amount. ; in subsection (c)— by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; by striking at the loan rate and inserting the following: at a rate that is the lesser of— the loan rate ; and by adding at the end the following: the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section. ; in subsection (d)— in paragraph (1), by striking and medium grain rice and inserting medium grain rice, and extra long staple cotton ; by redesignating paragraphs

(1)and

(2)as subparagraphs

(A)and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately; in the matter preceding subparagraph

(A)(as so redesignated), by striking For purposes and inserting the following: For purposes ; and by adding at the end the following: In the case of upland cotton, for any period when price quotations for Middling

(M)1 3/32 -inch cotton are available, the formula under paragraph (1)(A) shall be based on the average of the 3 lowest-priced growths that are quoted. ; and in subsection (e)— in the subsection heading, by inserting after extra long staple cotton, ; Upland cotton, in paragraph (2)— in the paragraph heading, by striking and inserting Cotton ; and Upland Cotton in subparagraph (B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking 2024 and inserting 2032 ; by redesignating paragraph

(3)as paragraph (4); and by inserting after paragraph

(2)the following: The prevailing world market price for extra long staple cotton determined under subsection (d)— shall be adjusted to United States quality and location, with the adjustment to include the average costs to market the commodity, including average transportation costs, as determined by the Secretary; and may be further adjusted, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph and ending on July 31, 2032, if the Secretary determines the adjustment is necessary— to minimize potential loan forfeitures; to minimize the accumulation of stocks of extra long staple cotton by the Federal Government; to ensure that extra long staple cotton produced in the United States can be marketed freely and competitively; and to ensure an appropriate transition between current-crop and forward-crop price quotations, except that the Secretary may use forward-crop price quotations prior to July 31 of a marketing year only if— there are insufficient current-crop price quotations; and the forward-crop price quotation is the lowest such quotation available. . Section 1207(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9037(c) ) is amended by striking paragraph

(2)and inserting the following: The value of the assistance provided under paragraph

(1)shall be— for the period beginning on August 1, 2013, and ending on July 31, 2025, 3 cents per pound; and beginning on August 1, 2025, 5 cents per pound. . Section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 ( 7 U.S.C. 7272 ) is amended— in subsection (a)— in paragraph (4), by striking and at the end; in paragraph (5), by striking 2023 crop years. and inserting 2024 crop years; and ; and by adding at the end the following: 24.00 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years. ; in subsection (b)— in paragraph (1), by striking and at the end; in paragraph (2), by striking 2023 crop years. and inserting 2024 crop years; and ; and by adding at the end the following: a rate that is equal to 136.55 percent of the loan rate per pound of raw cane sugar under subsection (a)(6) for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years. ; and in subsection (i), by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 . Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 ( 7 U.S.C. 7287 ) is amended— by striking subsection

(a)and inserting the following: The Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than— in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per hundredweight per month; and in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per hundredweight per month. ; and in subsection (b)— in the subsection heading, by striking and inserting Subsequent ; and Prior by striking and subsequent and inserting through 2024 . Section 359b(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359bb(a)(1) ) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 . Section 359c(g)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2) ) is amended— by striking In the case and inserting the following: Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case ; and by adding at the end the following: If the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet sugar processors, the Secretary shall give priority to beet sugar processors with available sugar. . Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2) ) is amended— by redesignating subparagraphs

(A)through

(C)as clauses

(i)through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately; in the matter preceding clause

(i)(as so redesignated), by striking If the Secretary determines that a sugar beet processor who has been allocated a share of the beet sugar allotment will be unable to market that allocation and inserting the following: If the Secretary determines that a sugar beet processor who has been allocated a share of the beet sugar allotment for the crop year will be unable to market that allocation ; and by adding at the end the following: In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— make an initial determination following the publication of the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (in this subparagraph referred to as WASDE ) approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board for the month of January that is applicable to the crop year for which a determination under subparagraph

(A)is made; and provide for an initial reassignment under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days after the date of the announcement of such WASDE. . Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359kk ) is amended by adding at the end the following: Subject to paragraph (3), following the establishment of the tariff-rate quotas under subsection

(a)for a quota year, the Secretary shall— determine which countries do not intend to fulfill their allocation for the quota year; and reallocate any forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas as soon as practicable. Subject to paragraph (3), not later than March 1 of a quota year, the Secretary shall reallocate any additional forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for that quota year. Paragraphs

(1)and

(2)shall cease to be in effect if— the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico, signed December 19, 2014, is terminated; and no countervailing duty order under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. ) is in effect with respect to sugar from Mexico. In this subsection, the term domestic sugar industry means domestic— sugar beet producers and processors; producers and processors of sugar cane; and refiners of raw cane sugar. Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall conduct a study on whether the establishment of additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports is necessary and appropriate. In conducting the study under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall examine the following: The need for— defining refined sugar as having a minimum polarization of 99.8 degrees or higher; establishing a standard for color- or reflectance-based units for refined sugar such as those utilized by the International Commission of Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis; prescribing specifications for packaging type for refined sugar; prescribing specifications for transportation modes for refined sugar; requiring affidavits or other evidence that sugar imported as refined sugar will not undergo further refining in the United States; prescribing appropriate terms and conditions to avoid unlawful sugar imports; and establishing other definitions, terms and conditions, or other requirements. The potential impact of modifications described in each of subclauses

(I)through

(VII)of clause

(i)on the domestic sugar industry. Whether, based on the needs described in clause

(i)and the impact described in clause (ii), the establishment of additional terms and conditions is appropriate. In conducting the study under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the domestic sugar industry and users of refined sugar. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the findings of the study conducted under subparagraph (A). Based on the findings in the report submitted under paragraph (2)(D), and after providing notice to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, the Secretary may issue regulations in accordance with subparagraph

(B)to establish additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports that are necessary and appropriate. The Secretary may issue regulations under subparagraph

(A)if the regulations— do not have an adverse impact on the domestic sugar industry; and are consistent with the requirements of this part, section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 ( 7 U.S.C. 7272 ), and obligations under international trade agreements that have been approved by Congress. . Section 359k(b)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359kk(b)(1) ) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking if there is an and inserting for the sole purpose of responding directly to an Section 359l(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 ( 7 U.S.C. 1359ll(a) ) is amended by striking 2023 and inserting 2031 . Section 1401(8) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9051(8) ) is amended by striking when the participating dairy operation first registers to participate in dairy margin coverage . Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9055 ) is amended— by amending subsection

(a)to read as follows: Except as provided in subsection (b), the production history of a dairy operation for dairy margin coverage is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any one of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar years. ; and by amending subsection

(b)to read as follows: In the case of a participating dairy operation that has been in operation for less than a year, the participating dairy operation shall elect 1 of the following methods for the Secretary to determine the production history of the participating dairy operation: The volume of the actual milk marketings for the months the participating dairy operation has been in operation extrapolated to a yearly amount. An estimate of the actual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation based on the herd size of the participating dairy operation relative to the national rolling herd average data published by the Secretary. . Section 1406(a)(1)(C) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(1)(C) ) is amended by striking 5,000,000 and inserting 6,000,000 each place it appears. Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9057(b) ) is amended— in the heading, by striking and inserting 5,000,000 ; and 6,000,000 in paragraph (1), by striking 5,000,000 and inserting 6,000,000 . Section 1407(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9057(c) ) is amended— in the heading, by striking and inserting 5,000,000 ; and 6,000,000 in paragraph (1), by striking 5,000,000 and inserting 6,000,000 . Section 1407(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9057(g) ) is amended— in paragraph (1)— by striking 2019 through 2023 and inserting 2026 through 2031 ; and by striking January 2019 and inserting January 2026 ; and in paragraph (2), by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 . Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9059 ) is amended by striking 2025 and inserting 2031 . Section 1602 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9092 ) is amended by striking 2023 each place it appears and inserting 2031 . Section 1614(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9097(c) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: The Secretary shall make available to the Farm Service Agency to carry out section 10101 of the Act titled An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14 , and the amendments made by that section, $50,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which— not less than $5,000,000 shall be used to carry out paragraphs

(3)and

(4)of subsection (b); $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection; $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection; and $10,000,000 shall be used to— carry out mandatory surveys of dairy production cost and product yield information to be reported by manufacturers required to report under section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 ( 7 U.S.C. 1637b ), for all products processed in the same facility or facilities; and publish the results of such surveys biennially. . Section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(b) ) is amended— by amending paragraph

(2)to read as follows: Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1)(A) shall be made at a rate of 100 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary. Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under subparagraph

(B)or

(C)of paragraph

(1)shall be made at a rate of 75 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary. In determining the market value described in subparagraphs

(A)and (B), the Secretary may consider the ability of eligible producers to document regional price premiums for affected livestock that exceed the national average market price for those livestock. In this paragraph, the term applicable date means, with respect to livestock, as applicable— the day before the date of death of the livestock; or the day before the date of the event that caused the harm to the livestock that resulted in a reduced sale price. ; and by adding at the end the following: In the case of unborn livestock death losses incurred on or after January 1, 2024, the Secretary shall make an additional payment to eligible producers on farms that have incurred such losses in excess of the normal mortality due to a condition specified in paragraph (1). Additional payments under subparagraph

(A)shall be made at a rate— determined by the Secretary; and less than or equal to 85 percent of the payment rate established with respect to the lowest weight class of the livestock, as determined by the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency. The amount of a payment to an eligible producer that has incurred unborn livestock death losses shall be equal to the payment rate determined under subparagraph

(B)multiplied, in the case of livestock described in— subparagraph (A), (B), or

(F)of subsection (a)(4), by 1; subparagraph

(D)of such subsection, by 2; subparagraph

(E)of such subsection, by 12; and subparagraph

(G)of such subsection, by the average number of birthed animals (for one gestation cycle) for the species of each such livestock, as determined by the Secretary. In this paragraph, the term unborn livestock death losses means losses of any livestock described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or

(G)of subsection (a)(4) that was gestating on the date of the death of the livestock. . Section 1501(c)(3)(D)(ii)(I) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D)(ii)(I) ) is amended— by striking 1 monthly payment and inserting 2 monthly payments ; and by striking county for at least 8 consecutive and inserting the following: county for not less than— 4 consecutive weeks during the normal grazing period for the county, as determined by the Secretary, shall be eligible to receive assistance under this paragraph in an amount equal to 1 monthly payment using the monthly payment rate determined under subparagraph (B); or any of the 7 of the previous 8 consecutive . Section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(d) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: Eligible producers on a farm of farm-raised fish, including fish grown as food for human consumption, shall be eligible to receive payments under this subsection to aid in the reduction of losses due to piscivorous birds. The payment rate for payments under subparagraph

(B)shall be determined by the Secretary, taking into account— costs associated with the deterrence of piscivorous birds; the value of lost fish and revenue due to bird depredation; and costs associated with disease loss from bird depredation. The payment rate for payments under subparagraph

(B)shall be not less than $600 per acre of farm-raised fish. The amount of a payment under subparagraph

(B)shall be the product obtained by multiplying— the applicable payment rate under subparagraph (C); and 85 percent of the total number of acres of farm-raised fish farms that the eligible producer has in production for the calendar year. . Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(e) ) is amended— in paragraph (2)(B), by striking 15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality ; and in paragraph (3)— in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking 15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality) and inserting normal mortality ; and in subparagraph (B)— by striking 50 and inserting 65 ; and by striking 15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality) and inserting normal tree damage or mortality . In determining honeybee colony losses eligible for assistance under section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 7 U.S.C. 9081(d) ), the Secretary shall utilize a normal mortality rate of 15 percent. Section 502(b) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1502(b) ) is amended in paragraph (3), by striking 5 and inserting 10 . Section 522(c)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1522(c)(7) ) is amended by striking subparagraph (F). Section 508(e) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508(e) ) is amended by adding at the end the following paragraph: Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection regarding payment of a portion of premiums, a beginning farmer or rancher shall receive premium assistance that is— the number of percentage points specified in subparagraph

(B)greater than the premium assistance that would otherwise be available under paragraphs

(2)(except for subparagraph

(A)of that paragraph), (5), (6), and

(7)for the applicable policy, plan of insurance, and coverage level selected by the beginning farmer or rancher; plus any increase otherwise made available under this subsection. The percentage points referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) are the following: For each of the first and second reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 5 percentage points. For the third reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 3 percentage points. For the fourth reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 1 percentage point. . Section 508(c)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4) ) is amended— by amending subparagraph (A)(ii) to read as follows: may be purchased at any level not to exceed— in the case of the individual yield or revenue coverage, 85 percent; in the case of individual yield or revenue coverage aggregated across multiple commodities, 90 percent; and in the case of area yield or revenue coverage (as determined by the Corporation), 95 percent. ; and in subparagraph (C)— in clause (ii), by striking 14 and inserting 10 ; and in clause (iii)(I), by striking 86 and inserting 90 . Section 508(e)(2)(H)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)(H)(i) ) is amended by striking 65 and inserting 80 . Section 508(e)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2) ) is amended— in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking 64 and inserting 69 ; in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking 59 and inserting 64 ; in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking 55 and inserting 60 ; in subparagraph (F)(i), by striking 48 and inserting 51 ; and in subparagraph (G)(i), by striking 38 and inserting 41 . Section 508(k) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1508(k) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year thereafter, in addition to the terms and conditions of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, to cover additional expenses for loss adjustment procedures, the Corporation shall pay an additional administrative and operating expense subsidy to approved insurance providers for eligible contracts. In the case of an eligible contract, the payment to an approved insurance provider required under subparagraph

(A)shall be the amount equal to 6 percent of the net book premium. In this paragraph: The term eligible State means a State— identified in State Group 2 or State Group 3 (as defined in the Standard Reinsurance Agreement for reinsurance year 2026); and in which, with respect to an insurance year, the loss ratio for eligible contracts is greater than 120 percent of the total net book premium written by all approved insurance providers. The term eligible contract — means a crop insurance contract entered into by an approved insurance provider in an eligible State; and does not include a contract for— catastrophic risk protection under subsection (b); an area-based plan of insurance or similar plan of insurance, as determined by the Corporation; or a policy under which an approved insurance provider does not incur loss adjustment expenses, as determined by the Corporation. Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year and for each reinsurance year thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers and agents for administrative and operating expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts covering agricultural commodities described in section 101 of title I of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 ( 7 U.S.C. 1621 note) shall be equal to or greater than the percent that is the greater of the following: 17 percent of the premium used to define loss ratio. The percent of the premium used to define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable for the reinsurance year under the terms of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year. In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce, with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers and agents under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in clause

(ii)of such subparagraph for administrative and operating expenses with respect to contracts covering agricultural commodities that are not subject to such subparagraph. The requirements of this paragraph and the adjustments made pursuant to this paragraph shall not be considered a renegotiation under paragraph (8)(A). Subject to subparagraph (B), for the 2026 reinsurance year, and each reinsurance year thereafter, the Corporation shall increase the total administrative and operating expense reimbursements otherwise required under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year in order to account for inflation, in a manner consistent with the increases provided with respect to the 2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure included in Risk Management Agency Bulletin numbered MGR–10–007 and dated June 30, 2010. The increase under subparagraph

(A)for the 2026 reinsurance year shall not exceed the percentage change for the preceding reinsurance year included in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor. An increase under subparagraph (A)— shall apply with respect to all contracts covering agricultural commodities that were subject to an increase during the period of the 2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure referred to in that subparagraph; and shall not be considered to be a renegotiation of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement for purposes of paragraph (8)(A). . Section 515(l)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1515(l)(2) ) is amended by striking than and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: than— $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2025; and $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent fiscal year. . Section 516(b)(2)(C)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1516(b)(2)(C)(i) ) is amended by striking each fiscal year and inserting each of fiscal years 2014 through 2025 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter . Section 523 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act ( 7 U.S.C. 1523 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: Notwithstanding subsection (a)(2), the Corporation shall establish a pilot program under which contract poultry growers, including growers of broilers and laying hens, may elect to receive index-based insurance from extreme weather-related risk resulting in increased utility costs (including costs of natural gas, propane, electricity, water, and other appropriate costs, as determined by the Corporation) associated with poultry production. The Corporation shall engage with poultry industry stakeholders in establishing the pilot program under paragraph (1). The pilot program established under paragraph

(1)shall be conducted in a sufficient number of counties to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility, effectiveness, and demand among producers in the top poultry producing States, including Alabama, Arkansas, and Mississippi, as determined by the Corporation. Notwithstanding section 508(l), the Board shall approve a policy or plan of insurance based on the pilot program under paragraph (1)— in accordance with section 508(h); and not later than 24 months after the date of enactment of this subsection. .

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U.S. Code