Sec. 104. Technical assistance on use of artificial intelligence weather models
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The Administrator shall regularly inventory and assess major non-Federal Government artificial intelligence weather models in order to provide— technical assistance on using such models; best practices on providing forecasts based on outputs from both artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models; and support for emergency managers to make operational decisions based on outputs from both artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models.
The Administrator shall support the development of a common framework for the assessment of numerical weather models and artificial intelligence weather models through reforecast analysis and such other methodologies as the Administrator considers appropriate. In carrying out this subsection, the Administrator may develop and disseminate best practices in collaboration with— the National Institute for Standards and Technology, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy; academic and research institutions; and the private sector.
The Administrator may make available to the public, as the Administrator determines appropriate and subject to section 109, at no cost and with no restrictions on copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using under an open license, any reforecast dataset developed under this subsection. In determining whether to make a reforecast dataset public under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall consider factors such as— the difficulty of replicating the reforecast dataset; and the utility of the reforecast dataset to non-Federal partners of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the feasibility of using reforecast analysis techniques to improve seasonal and subseasonal models. In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall provide technical assistance, best practices, and support required under subsection
(a)through the warning coordination meteorologists and weather forecast offices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Administrator may enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to assess the impacts of artificial intelligence weather models on the weather enterprise and make recommendations to improve the integration of such models in operational forecasting.