Sec. 102. Earth system reanalysis
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Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Environmental Information Services Working Group, and such other technical experts as the Administrator considers appropriate, develop and curate an Earth system reanalysis dataset that creates a long-term record of past weather in support of— furthering the understanding of weather; advancing the science of weather forecasting, including seasonal and subseasonal forecasting; and developing artificial intelligence weather forecasting applications.
In order to speed the development of the Earth system reanalysis dataset required under subsection (a), the Administrator shall assess, and to the greatest extent practicable build on, existing Earth system reanalysis datasets of the Federal Government. In carrying out this section, the Administrator, in consultation with the Environmental Information Services Working Group, may develop and test a national weather model based on artificial intelligence technologies. Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the activities conducted under paragraph (1).
In carrying out this section, subject to the availability of appropriations, the Administrator may competitively award contracts, increase the scope of existing cooperative institutes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or competitively award a new cooperative institute. Subject to section 109, the Administrator shall make available to the public, at no cost and with no restrictions on copying, publishing, distributing, citing, adapting, or otherwise using under an open license, the Earth system reanalysis dataset developed under subsection
(a)and the code for the artificial intelligence weather model developed under subsection (c). The Administrator shall develop and disseminate best practices to minimize environmental impacts from the use of artificial intelligence technology to carry out this section. Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, the Administrator shall continue to support and advance the activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration— to collect and acquire observational data relevant for artificial intelligence and numerical weather forecasting; to advance research on the Earth system and numerical weather forecasting; to develop and advance numerical weather modeling; to identify and acquire novel observational data shown to improve artificial intelligence and numerical weather forecasting; and to improve data assimilation techniques.