Sec. 2. Findings
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Congress finds the following: On January 11, 2021, the Department of State designated the Government of Cuba as a state sponsor of terrorism for repeatedly providing support for acts of international terrorism in granting safe harbor to terrorists, and Cuba remains a significant national security threat to the United States. The People’s Republic of China and Cuba have maintained close strategic relations since 1960, including through diplomatic, military, economic, and intelligence cooperation, reaffirmed by the People's Republic of China designating Cuba as good brother, good comrade, good friend , a title that is not shared by any other country in the world.
The relationship between the Government of Cuba and the Government of the People’s Republic of China heightens the national security threat to the United States. A staff research report entitled China’s Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean published by the by the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission in October 2018 asserts that the military relationship between the People's Republic of China and Cuba is characterized by frequent senior-level meetings and technical assistance provided by China’s military to Cuba’s military .
The report also asserts that the People's Republic of China has a physical presence at multiple Soviet-era intelligence facilities at Lourdes, Bejucal, and Santiago de Cuba to collect signals intelligence . In April 2019, September 2020, and January 2021, the Department of State updated the List of Restricted Entities and Subentities Associated with Cuba (commonly known as the Cuba Restricted List ) to include entities and subentities under the control of, or acting for or on behalf of, Cuban military, intelligence, or security services or personnel with which direct financial transactions would disproportionately benefit such services or personnel at the expense of the Cuban people or private enterprise in Cuba.
Recommendations issued in 2022 by the Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Services Sector stated that the People's Republic of China remains the most sophisticated counterintelligence and cyber threat to the United States . According to the most recent report submitted to Congress by the Director of National Intelligence pursuant to section 108B of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3043b ) (commonly referred to as the Annual Threat Assessment ), the People’s Republic of China is expanding its global intelligence and covert influence posture and represents the broadest, most active, and persistent cyber espionage threat to the United States.
On June 10, 2023, the White House confirmed reports that the People’s Republic of China has been operating and upgrading intelligence collection facilities in Cuba since at least 2019, and the People’s Republic of China will keep trying to enhance its presence in Cuba . The People’s Republic of China and Cuba have expanded defense relations in recent years, including military-to-military strategic mutual trust and practical cooperation , such as regular institutional and senior leader visits between the two countries and the establishment of joint artificial intelligence centers.
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