Sec. 903. Directorate for geosciences
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The Director of the National Science Foundation (referred to in this section as the Director ) shall award funding for research activities in each of the following areas described in this subsection. The Director shall award funding for fundamental research on plant-root-fungi interactions, deep inversion of soils, and other topics with the potential to advance carbon dioxide removal. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy; and the Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service. The Director shall award funding for research to improve existing carbon sequestration modeling tools and the development of simulation-based tools to predict and quantify soil carbon sequestration. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Administrator of the Agricultural Research Service; and the heads of other offices in the Department of Agriculture, as determined by the Secretary of Agriculture. The Director shall award funding for fundamental research on mineralization kinetics, geomechanics, rock physics, and utilization-oriented carbonation with the potential to advance carbon dioxide removal. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. The Director shall award funding for field drilling and injection in reactive formations (including peridotite and basalt) to advance understanding of carbon mineralization. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy and Carbon Management of the Department of Energy. The Director shall award funding for research on the environmental and social impacts of expanded mining activities for the purpose of mineralization, including net carbon impact. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Director of the United States Geological Survey; the Assistant Administrator for Research and Development of the Environmental Protection Agency; and the Assistant Secretary for Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management of the Department of Energy. The Director shall award funding for fundamental research on coastal ecosystem carbon dioxide sequestration. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Director shall award funding for fundamental and applied research on techniques for and impacts of artificial modification of ocean alkalinity, including limited-scale experiments on alkalinity enhancement techniques at sea, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment and within internationally recognized frameworks. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy; and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Director shall award funding for fundamental research and modeling on the impacts and effectiveness of ocean iron fertilization and nitrogen and phosphorous fertilization research. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with— the Director of the Office of Science of the Department of Energy; and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Director shall award funding for limited-scale experiments to stimulate and measure large phytoplankton blooms, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment and within internationally recognized frameworks. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Director shall award funding for limited-scale experiments on ocean macronutrient fertilization, designed and monitored to avoid impacts beyond the zone of the experiment and within internationally recognized frameworks. The Director shall carry out the activities described in subparagraph
(A)in collaboration with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The Director shall award funding for other carbon dioxide removal research, as determined by the Director. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Director to carry out this section— $21,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; $34,000,000 for fiscal year 2025; $61,000,000 for fiscal year 2026; $73,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 and 2028; $68,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2029 and 2030; $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2031; and $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2032 and 2033.