Sec. 313. Near real-time monitoring and mitigation program for large cetaceans
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The Under Secretary for Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall design and deploy a cost-effective, efficient, and results-oriented near real-time monitoring and mitigation program for endangered or threatened cetaceans (referred to in this section as the Program ). The purpose of the Program shall be to reduce the risk to large cetaceans posed by vessel collisions, and to minimize other impacts on large cetaceans, through the use of near real-time location monitoring and location information.
The Program shall— prioritize species of large cetaceans for which impacts from vessel collisions are of particular concern; prioritize areas where such impacts are of particular concern; be capable of detecting and alerting ocean users and enforcement agencies of the probable location of large cetaceans on an actionable real-time basis, including through real-time data whenever possible; inform sector-specific mitigation protocols to effectively reduce takes (as defined in section 216.3 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations) of large cetaceans; integrate technology improvements; and be informed by technologies, monitoring methods, and mitigation protocols developed under the pilot project required by subsection (d).
In carrying out the Program, the Under Secretary shall first establish a pilot monitoring and mitigation project for North Atlantic right whales (referred to in this section as the pilot project ) for the purposes of informing the Program. In designing and deploying the pilot project, the Under Secretary, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall, using the best available scientific information, identify and ensure coverage of— core foraging habitats; and important feeding, breeding, calving, rearing, or migratory habitats of North Atlantic right whales that co-occur with areas of high risk of mortality or serious injury of such whales from vessels, vessel strikes, or disturbance.
Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, in consultation with relevant Federal agencies and Tribal governments, and with input from affected stakeholders, shall design and deploy a near real-time monitoring system for North Atlantic right whales that— comprises the best available detection power, spatial coverage, and survey effort to detect and localize North Atlantic right whales within core foraging habitats; is capable of detecting North Atlantic right whales, including visually and acoustically; uses dynamic habitat suitability models to inform the likelihood of North Atlantic right whale occurrence in core foraging habitat at any given time; coordinates with the Integrated Ocean Observing System of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Regional Ocean Partnerships to leverage monitoring assets; integrates historical data; integrates new near real-time monitoring methods and technologies as such methods and technologies become available; accurately verifies and rapidly communicates detection data to appropriate ocean users; creates standards for contributing, and allows ocean users to contribute, data to the monitoring system using comparable near real-time monitoring methods and technologies; communicates the risks of injury to large cetaceans to ocean users in a manner that is most likely to result in informed decision-making regarding the mitigation of those risks; and minimizes additional stressors to large cetaceans as a result of the information available to ocean users.
Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and make available to the public, a preliminary report on the pilot project. The report required by clause
(i)shall include the following: A description of the monitoring methods and technology in use or planned for deployment under the pilot project. An analysis of the efficacy of the methods and technology in use or planned for deployment for detecting North Atlantic right whales. An assessment of the manner in which the monitoring system designed and deployed under paragraph
(3)is directly informing and improving the management, health, and survival of North Atlantic right whales. A prioritized identification of technology or research gaps. A plan to communicate the risks of injury to large cetaceans to ocean users in a manner that is most likely to result in informed decision making regarding the mitigation of such risks. Any other information on the potential benefits and efficacy of the pilot project the Under Secretary considers appropriate. Not later than 6 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, in coordination with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and make available to the public, a final report on the pilot project. The report required by clause
(i)shall— address the elements under subparagraph (A)(ii); and include— an assessment of the benefits and efficacy of the pilot project; a strategic plan to expand the pilot project to provide near real-time monitoring and mitigation measures— to additional large cetaceans of concern for which such measures would reduce risk of serious injury or death; and in important feeding, breeding, calving, rearing, or migratory habitats of large cetaceans that co-occur with areas of high risk of mortality or serious injury from vessel strikes or disturbance; a budget and description of funds necessary to carry out such strategic plan; a prioritized plan for acquisition, deployment, and maintenance of monitoring technologies; and the locations or species to which such plan would apply. The Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, and the Secretary of the Interior, and with input from affected stakeholders, shall develop and deploy mitigation protocols that make use of the monitoring system designed and deployed under subsection (d)(3) to direct sector-specific mitigation measures that avoid and significantly reduce risk of serious injury and mortality to North Atlantic right whales. The Under Secretary shall provide access to data generated by the monitoring system designed and deployed under subsection (d)(3) for purposes of scientific research and evaluation and public awareness and education, including through the Right Whale Sighting Advisory System of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and WhaleMap or other successor public internet website portals, subject to review for national security considerations. The Under Secretary may enter into and perform such contracts, leases, grants, or cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section on such terms as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, consistent with the Federal Acquisition Regulation. An activity may not be carried out under this section if the Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Under Secretary, determines that the activity would negatively impact the defense readiness or the national security of the United States. There is authorized to be appropriated to the Under Secretary to support development, deployment, application, and ongoing maintenance of the Program $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.