Sec. 101. Biomass carbon removal programs

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Section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 18644 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: The Director shall carry out a research and development program to gain understanding of the underlying biology of algal biomass systems and the possible use of algal biomass systems as a means of carbon removal (as defined in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2022 ) from the air and aquatic sources. The program carried out under paragraph

(1)shall— support efforts to reduce long-term technical barriers for algal biomass with carbon capture; and coordinate closely with the Bioenergy Technologies Office and the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management. . Section 932 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16232 ) is amended— in subsection (b)— in paragraph (5), by striking and after the semicolon; in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: biological carbon removal (as defined in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2022 ). ; and by inserting after subsection

(e)the following: In this subsection, the term carbon removal has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2022 . The goals of the biological carbon removal program under subsection (b)(7) shall be to develop and deploy, in partnership with industry and institutions of higher education— improved tools and understanding of feedstocks, supplies, and logistics with respect to carbon removal using biomass sources; technologies for the optimized conversion of aquatic and terrestrial biomass for carbon removal; cost-competitive carbon capture technologies applied to bioenergy, including— algal, terrestrial, and marine biomass; biofuels; and bioproducts; and applied research on best practices in macroalgae cultivation and phenotype selection, including by carrying out aquatic pilot projects. Activities conducted under this subsection shall be coordinated with the relevant programs of the Office of Science, the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management, and the Department of Agriculture. . Section 962(b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16292(b) ) is amended— in paragraph (1), by striking performance of and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “performance of— coal and natural gas use; biomass with carbon capture for utilization or permanent storage; and manufacturing and industrial facilities. ; and in paragraph (3)— in subparagraph (A)— in clause (v), by striking and after the semicolon; in clause (vi), by striking the period at the end and inserting ; and ; and by adding at the end the following: developing advanced boilers to enable net-negative lifecycle carbon emissions through co-firing with biomass. ; and by adding at the end the following: Developing carbon capture technologies applied to bioenergy systems that result in net-negative lifecycle carbon emissions, including— biofuels production; bioproducts; biomass used in power systems and industrial applications; and fossil fuel power systems and industrial systems co-fired with biomass. . The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( 42 U.S.C. 17001 et seq. ) is amended by striking section 228 (121 Stat. 1535) and inserting the following: The Director of the Bioenergy Technologies Office shall carry out applied research on— microalgae and macroalgae cultivation and phenotype selection; and optimization of aquatic biomass conversion pathways. The research carried out under subsection

(a)shall support efforts— to develop best practices in microalgae and macroalgae cultivation and phenotype selection, including by carrying out aquatic pilot projects— on microalgae and macroalgae; and in freshwater and seawater; and to optimize aquatic biomass conversion pathways that result in carbon removal (as defined in section 2 of the Carbon Removal and Emissions Storage Technologies Act of 2022 ) for biopower, biofuels, and other uses. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section— $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2027. . The table of contents for the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 ( Public Law 110–140 ; 121 Stat. 1493) is amended by striking the item relating to section 228 and inserting the following: Sec. 228. Aquatic biomass. .

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