Sec. 3. Definitions
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In this Act: The term adoption means— adoptions within the United States; and intercountry adoptions. The term Ambassador means the Ambassador at Large for Children in Family Security established under section 102(a) of this Act. The term central authority has the meaning given such term in section 3 of the Intercountry Adoption Act of 2000 ( 42 U.S.C. 14902 ). The term child welfare system means a group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families.
The term children in adversity means individuals who— have not attained 18 years of age; and are experiencing conditions of serious deprivation and danger, including individuals who are— living without, or at risk of living without, family care; experiencing violence; affected by, or emerging from, armed conflict or humanitarian crises; living with disabilities; orphans; or otherwise vulnerable, including because of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (commonly known as HIV/AIDS ), acute illness, or premature birth.
The term Convention country means a country that is a party to the Hague Adoption Convention. The term family care refers to adoption, family preservation, reunification, foster care, guardianship, or kinship care. The term family-like group home means an arrangement in which a child is placed in a home— that houses a limited number of children; and in which personalized caretaking is provided only by one or more caregivers. The term family preservation means measures taken to keep a child within the care of his or her parent or parents.
The term foster care means an arrangement in which a child is placed with at least 1 adult— who is not a relative; with whom the child does not have an emotionally significant relationship; and who has been authorized by a child welfare system to provide full-time care for the child on a temporary basis. The term guardianship means a permanent legal relationship between an adult and a child, in which the adult is lawfully vested with the power and charged with the duty of taking care of the child.
The terms Kefala order , which is issued by a country that follows traditional Islamic law, and kinship care include relationships that may not qualify as permanent legal relationships under United States law, but may be considered forms of guardianship if such relationships are considered appropriate under the circumstances of a foreign child welfare system. The term Hague Adoption Convention means the Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption, done at The Hague May 29, 1993.
The term institutional care means care for children provided in a public or private residential setting that is— not family care; staffed by salaried or volunteer caregivers working pre-determined hours or shifts; and a collective living arrangement, including— orphanages; places of safety or transit centers for emergency care used primarily as an alternative to family care; children’s homes; children’s villages or cottage complexes; and boarding schools or hospitals used primarily as an alternative to family care.
The term interim placement means foster care or kinship care. The term kinship care means an arrangement in which a child is placed with at least 1 adult who— is a relative, a member of a Tribe or clan, or related by marriage, or has an emotionally significant relationship with the child; and has been authorized by a child welfare system to provide full-time care for the child on a temporary basis. The term Office means the Office of Children in Family Security established under section 101(a) of this Act.
The term reunification means the transition of a child, after being separated from parental care, into the care or custody of the parent or parents of such child, including the provision of access to appropriate services and support that follows reunification and addresses the reason for the initial separation. The term Special Advisor means the Special Advisor for Children in Adversity appointed pursuant to section 135(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2152f(e) ), as amended by section 201(4).
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