Sec. 7. Vehicle research and development
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The Secretary shall conduct a program of basic and applied research, development, engineering, demonstration, and commercial application activities on materials, technologies, and processes with the potential to substantially reduce or eliminate petroleum use and the emissions of the passenger and commercial vehicles of the United States, including activities in the areas of— electrification of vehicle systems; batteries, ultracapacitors, and other energy storage devices; power electronics; vehicle, component, and subsystem manufacturing technologies and processes; engine efficiency and combustion optimization; waste heat recovery; transmission and drivetrains; hydrogen vehicle technologies, including fuel cells and internal combustion engines, and hydrogen infrastructure, including hydrogen energy storage to enable renewables and provide hydrogen for fuel and power; natural gas vehicle technologies; aerodynamics, rolling resistance (including tires and wheel assemblies), and accessory power loads of vehicles and associated equipment; vehicle weight reduction, including lightweighting materials and the development of manufacturing processes to fabricate, assemble, and use dissimilar materials; friction and wear reduction; engine and component durability; innovative propulsion systems; advanced boosting systems; hydraulic hybrid technologies; engine compatibility with and optimization for a variety of transportation fuels including natural gas and other liquid and gaseous fuels; predictive engineering, modeling, and simulation of vehicle and transportation systems; refueling and charging infrastructure for alternative fueled and electric or plug-in electric hybrid vehicles, including the unique challenges facing rural areas; gaseous fuels storage systems and system integration and optimization; sensing, communications, and actuation technologies for vehicle, electrical grid, and infrastructure; efficient use, substitution, and recycling of potentially critical materials in vehicles, including rare earth elements and precious metals, at risk of supply disruption; aftertreatment technologies; thermal management of battery systems; retrofitting advanced vehicle technologies to existing vehicles; development of common standards, specifications, and architectures for both transportation and stationary battery applications; advanced internal combustion engines; mild hybrid; engine down speeding; vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-pedestrian, and vehicle-to-infrastructure technologies; and other research areas as determined by the Secretary.
The Secretary shall ensure that the Department continues to support research, development, engineering, demonstration, and commercial application activities and maintains competency in mid- to long-term transformational vehicle technologies with potential to achieve reductions in emissions, including activities in the areas of— hydrogen vehicle technologies, including fuel cells, hydrogen storage, infrastructure, and activities in hydrogen technology validation and safety codes and standards; multiple battery chemistries and novel energy storage devices, including nonchemical batteries and electromechanical storage technologies such as hydraulics, flywheels, and compressed air storage; communication and connectivity among vehicles, infrastructure, and the electrical grid; and other innovative technologies research and development, as determined by the Secretary.
To the maximum extent practicable, activities under this Act shall be carried out in partnership or collaboration with automotive manufacturers, heavy commercial, vocational, and transit vehicle manufacturers, qualified plug-in electric vehicle manufacturers, compressed natural gas vehicle manufacturers, vehicle and engine equipment and component manufacturers, manufacturing equipment manufacturers, advanced vehicle service providers, fuel producers and energy suppliers, electric utilities, universities, national laboratories, and independent research laboratories.
In carrying out this Act, the Secretary shall— determine whether a wide range of companies that manufacture or assemble vehicles or components in the United States are represented in ongoing public-private partnership activities, including firms that have not traditionally participated in federally sponsored research and development activities, and where possible, partner with such firms that conduct significant and relevant research and development activities in the United States; leverage the capabilities and resources of, and formalize partnerships with, industry-led stakeholder organizations, nonprofit organizations, industry consortia, and trade associations with expertise in the research and development of, and education and outreach activities in, advanced automotive and commercial vehicle technologies; develop more effective processes for transferring research findings and technologies to industry; support public-private partnerships, dedicated to overcoming barriers in commercial application of transformational vehicle technologies, that use such industry-led technology development facilities of entities with demonstrated expertise in successfully designing and engineering pre-commercial generations of such transformational technology; and promote efforts to ensure that technology research, development, engineering, and commercial application activities funded under this Act are carried out in the United States.
To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall coordinate research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities among— relevant programs within the Department, including— the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; the Office of Science; the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; the Office of Fossil Energy; the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy; and other offices as determined by the Secretary; and relevant technology research and development programs within other Federal agencies, as determined by the Secretary.
The Secretary shall make information available to procurement programs of Federal agencies regarding the potential to demonstrate technologies resulting from activities funded through programs under this Act. The Secretary shall seek opportunities to leverage resources and support initiatives of State and local governments in developing and promoting advanced vehicle technologies, manufacturing, and infrastructure. In awarding grants under the program under this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to those technologies (either individually or as part of a system) that— provide the greatest aggregate fuel savings based on the reasonable projected sales volumes of the technology; and provide the greatest increase in United States employment.
The Secretary shall carry out a research, development, and demonstration program that— builds on any work carried out under section 915 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16195 ); identifies possible uses of a vehicle battery after the useful life of the battery in a vehicle has been exhausted; conducts long-term testing to verify performance and degradation predictions and lifetime valuations for secondary uses; evaluates innovative approaches to recycling materials from plug-in electric drive vehicles and the batteries used in plug-in electric drive vehicles; assesses the potential for markets for uses described in clause
(ii)to develop; and identifies any barriers to the development of those markets; and identifies the potential uses of a vehicle battery— with the most promise for market development; and for which market development would be aided by a demonstration project. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an initial report on the findings of the program described in subparagraph (A), including recommendations for stationary energy storage and other potential applications for batteries used in plug-in electric drive vehicles. Based on the results of the program described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall develop guidelines for projects that demonstrate the secondary uses and innovative recycling of vehicle batteries. Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall— publish the guidelines described in clause (i); and solicit applications for funding for demonstration projects. Not later than 21 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall select proposals for grant funding under this subsection, based on an assessment of which proposals are mostly likely to contribute to the development of a secondary market for batteries. The Secretary shall carry out a research, development, engineering, demonstration, and commercial application program of advanced vehicle manufacturing technologies and practices, including innovative processes— to increase the production rate and decrease the cost of advanced battery and fuel cell manufacturing; to vary the capability of individual manufacturing facilities to accommodate different battery chemistries and configurations; to reduce waste streams, emissions, and energy intensity of vehicle, engine, advanced battery, and component manufacturing processes; to recycle and remanufacture used batteries and other vehicle components for reuse in vehicles or stationary applications; to develop manufacturing processes to effectively fabricate, assemble, and produce cost-effective lightweight materials such as advanced aluminum and other metal alloys, polymeric composites, and carbon fiber for use in vehicles; to produce lightweight high pressure storage systems for gaseous fuels; to design and manufacture purpose-built hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and components; to improve the calendar life and cycle life of advanced batteries; and to produce permanent magnets for advanced vehicles.
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Sec. 7
Vehicle research and development
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