Sec. 113. Carbon storage validation and testing
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Section 963 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16293 ) is amended to read as follows: The Secretary shall carry out a program of research, development, and demonstration for carbon storage. The program shall— in coordination with relevant Federal agencies, develop and maintain mapping tools and resources that assess the capacity of geologic storage formations in the United States; develop monitoring tools, modeling of geologic formations, and analyses to predict and verify carbon dioxide containment and account for sequestered carbon dioxide in geologic storage sites; research potential environmental, safety, and health impacts in the event of a leak to the atmosphere or to an aquifer, and any corresponding mitigation actions or responses to limit harmful consequences; evaluate the interactions of carbon dioxide with formation solids and fluids, including the propensity of injections to induce seismic activity; assess and ensure the safety of operations related to geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide; determine the fate of carbon dioxide concurrent with and following injection into geologic formations; and provide information to State, local, and Tribal governments, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other appropriate entities, to support development of a regulatory framework for commercial-scale sequestration operations that ensure the protection of human health and the environment.
In carrying out research activities under this section, the Secretary shall consider a variety of candidate geologic settings, including— operating oil and gas fields; depleted oil and gas fields; residual oil zones; unconventional reservoirs and rock types; unmineable coal seams; deep saline formations; deep geologic systems that may be used as engineered reservoirs to extract economical quantities of brine from geothermal resources of low permeability or porosity; deep geologic systems containing in situ carbon dioxide mineralization formations; and offshore geologic formations.
The Secretary shall carry out large-scale carbon sequestration demonstrations for geologic containment of carbon dioxide to collect and validate information on the cost and feasibility of commercial deployment of technologies for the geologic containment of carbon dioxide. The Secretary may fund new demonstrations or expand the work completed at one or more of the existing regional carbon sequestration partnerships. Each demonstration described in paragraph
(1)shall include longitudinal tests involving carbon dioxide injection and monitoring, mitigation, and verification operations. The National Energy Technology Laboratory shall act as a clearinghouse of shared information and resources for the regional carbon sequestration partnerships and any new demonstrations funded under this section. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Clean Energy Future Through Innovation Act of 2020 , the Secretary shall provide to Congress a report that— assesses the progress of all regional carbon sequestration partnerships; identifies the remaining challenges in achieving carbon sequestration that is reliable and safe for the environment and public health; and creates a roadmap to integrate geologic sequestration sites and carbon utilization with large sources of carbon dioxide in the United States economy. For purposes of this subsection, large-scale carbon sequestration demonstration means the injection of more than 1,000,000 tons of carbon dioxide annually or injection at a scale that demonstrates the ability to inject and sequester several million metric tons carbon dioxide for at least 10 years. The Secretary may carry out a program for purposes of transitioning the large-scale storage demonstrations under subsection
(c)into integrated, commercial storage complexes. The program shall focus on— qualifying geologic storage sites in order to accept large volumes of carbon dioxide acceptable for commercial contracts; understanding the technical and commercial viability of storage sites; developing the qualification processes that will be necessary for a diverse range of geologic storage sites to commercially accept carbon dioxide; and any other activities the Secretary deems necessary to transition the large-scale demonstration storage projects into commercial ventures. The Secretary shall require cost sharing under this section in accordance with section 988. The Secretary, in coordination with other Federal agencies including the United States Geological Survey, shall continue and expand ongoing Federal data collection and analysis activities related to carbon dioxide storage, economics, and spatial relationships on a local and regional scale, in coordination with State and regional entities. For activities under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary— $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2022; $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2023; $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2024; and $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2025. .
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Sec. 113
Carbon storage validation and testing
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