Sec. 5. Encouraging appropriate use of antibiotics and combating resistance
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Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, and other relevant agencies, to establish a grant program under the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to support hospital and other inpatient facility efforts— to judiciously use antimicrobial drugs, such as by establishing or implementing appropriate use programs, including infectious disease telehealth programs, using appropriate diagnostic tools, partnering with academic hospitals, increasing health care-associated infection reporting, and monitoring antimicrobial resistance; and to participate in the National Healthcare Safety Network Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Module or the Emerging Infections Program Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface activity of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or a similar reporting program, as specified by the Secretary, relating to antimicrobial drugs.
In awarding grants under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall prioritize hospitals without an existing program to judiciously use antimicrobial drugs, subsection
(d)hospitals (as defined in subparagraph
(B)of section 1886(d)(2) of the Social Security Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395ww(d)(2) )) that are located in rural areas (as defined in subparagraph
(D)of such section), critical access hospitals (as defined in section 1861(mm)(1) of such Act ( 42 U.S.C. 1395x(mm)(1) )), hospitals serving Tribal-populations, and safety-net hospitals. Of the amounts appropriated under section 6, the Secretary shall reserve $500,000,000 to carry out this subsection. The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall use the National Healthcare Safety Network and other appropriate surveillance systems to assess— appropriate conditions, outcomes, and measures causally related to antibacterial resistance, including types of infections, the causes for infections, and whether infections are acquired in a community or hospital setting, increased lengths of hospital stay, increased costs, and rates of mortality; and changes in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs in relation to patient outcomes, including changes in percent resistance, prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections, and other such changes. The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall work with Federal agencies (including the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the Bureau of Prisons, the Indian Health Service, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services), private vendors, health care organizations, pharmacy benefit managers, and other entities as appropriate to obtain reliable and comparable human antibiotic drug consumption data (including, as available and appropriate, volume antibiotic distribution data and antibiotic use data, including prescription data) by State or metropolitan areas. The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall intensify and expand efforts to collect antibiotic resistance data and encourage adoption of the antibiotic resistance and use module within the National Healthcare Safety Network among all health care facilities across the continuum of care, including, as appropriate, acute care hospitals, dialysis facilities, nursing homes, ambulatory surgical centers, and other ambulatory health care settings in which antimicrobial drugs are routinely prescribed. The Secretary shall seek to collect such data from electronic medication administration reports and laboratory systems to produce the reports described in paragraph (4). The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, shall, for the purposes of improving the monitoring of important trends in patient outcomes in relation to antibacterial resistance— make the data derived from surveillance under this subsection publicly available through reports issued on a regular basis that is not less than annually; and examine opportunities to make such data available in near real time.
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Sec. 5
Encouraging appropriate use of antibiotics and combating resistance
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