Sec. 5302. Critical mineral recycling and reuse research, development, and demonstration program
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The United States Energy Storage Competitiveness Act of 2007 ( 42 U.S.C. 17231 ) is amended by inserting after subsection (m), as added by section 5301(b) of this Act, the following: In this subsection: The term critical mineral means any of a class of chemical elements that have a high risk of a supply disruption and are critical to one or more new, energy-related technologies such that a shortage of such element would significantly inhibit large-scale deployment of technologies that store energy.
The term recycling means the separation of critical minerals embedded within an energy storage system through physical or chemical means and reuse of those separated critical minerals in other technologies. Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program of recycling of energy storage systems containing critical minerals. In carrying out the program, the Secretary may focus research, development, and demonstration activities on— technologies, process improvements, and design optimizations that facilitate and promote recycling, including— improvement of efficiency and rates of collection of products and scrap containing critical minerals from consumer, industrial, and other waste streams; separation and sorting of component materials in energy storage systems containing critical minerals, including improving the recyclability of such energy storage systems; safe storage of energy storage systems, including reducing fire risk; safe transportation of energy storage systems and components; and development of technologies to advance energy storage recycling facility infrastructure, including integrated recycling facilities that can process multiple materials; research and development of technologies that mitigate emissions and environmental impacts that arise from recycling, including disposal of toxic reagents and byproducts related to recycling processes; research and development of technologies to enable recycling of critical materials from batteries in electric vehicles; research on and analysis of non-technical barriers to improving the transportation of energy storage systems containing critical minerals; and research on technologies and methods to enable the safe disposal of energy storage systems containing critical minerals, including waste materials and components recovered during the recycling process.
Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 3 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report summarizing the activities, findings, and progress of the program. For purposes of subsections (l), (m), and (n), the following definitions apply: The term energy storage system means equipment or facilities relating to the electric grid that are capable of absorbing and converting energy, as applicable, storing the energy for a period of time, and dispatching the energy, and that— use mechanical, electrochemical, biochemical, or thermal processes, to convert and store energy that was generated at an earlier time for use at a later time; use mechanical, electrochemical, biochemical, or thermal processes to convert and store energy generated from mechanical processes that would otherwise be wasted for delivery at a later time; or convert and store energy in an electric, thermal, or gaseous state for consumption at a later time in a manner that avoids the need to use electricity or other fuel sources at that later time, as is offered by grid-enabled water heaters, building heaters or coolers, electric vehicles, mini-pumped hydroelectric facilities, electrolysis processes that make hydrogen for transportation or industrial needs, or any other load shaping mechanism that includes energy storage.
The term eligible entity means— a State, territory, or possession of the United States; a State energy office (as defined in section 124(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 15821(a) )); a tribal organization (as defined in section 3765 of title 38, United States Code); an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )); an electric utility, including— a rural electric cooperative; a political subdivision of a State, such as a municipally owned electric utility, or any agency, authority, corporation, or instrumentality of one or more State political subdivisions; and an investor-owned utility; and a private energy storage company that is a small business concern (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act ( 15 U.S.C. 632 )).
The term island mode means a mode in which a distributed generator or energy storage system continues to power a location in the absence of electric power from the primary source. The term microgrid means an integrated energy system consisting of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources, including generators and energy storage systems, within clearly defined electrical boundaries that— acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the electric grid; can connect to, and disconnect from, the electric grid to operate in both grid-connected mode and island mode.
The term national laboratory has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 15801 ). .
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Sec. 5302
Critical mineral recycling and reuse research, development, and demonstration program
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