Sec. 10. Carbon removal
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Subtitle F of title IX of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16291 et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end the following: The Secretary, in coordination with the appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale. The program may include activities in— direct air capture and storage technologies; enhanced carbon mineralization; bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration; agricultural and grazing practices; forest management and afforestation; and planned or managed carbon sinks, including natural and artificial.
In carrying out the program established in subsection (a), the Secretary shall prioritize— the activities described in paragraphs
(1)and
(2)of subsection (a), acting through the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy; and the activities described in subsection (a)(3), acting through the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy. The program under this section shall identify and develop carbon removal technologies and strategies that consider the following: Land use changes, including impacts on natural and managed ecosystems. Ocean acidification. Net greenhouse gas emissions. Commercial viability. Potential for near-term impact. Potential for carbon reductions on a gigaton scale. Economic co-benefits. The Department shall collaborate with the Environmental Protection Agency and other relevant agencies to develop and improve accounting frameworks and tools to accurately measure carbon removal and sequestration methods and technologies across the Federal Government. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, as part of the program carried out under this section, the Secretary shall carry out a program to award competitive technology prizes for carbon dioxide capture from ambient air or water. In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary shall— in accordance with section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 ( 15 U.S.C. 3719 ), develop requirements for— the prize competition process; minimum performance standards for projects eligible to participate in the prize competition; and monitoring and verification procedures for projects selected to receive a prize award; establish minimum levels for the capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air or water that are required to qualify for a prize award; and offer prize awards for any of the following: A design for a promising capture technology that will— be operated on a demonstration scale; and have the potential to achieve significant reduction in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. A successful bench-scale demonstration of a capture technology. An operational capture technology on a commercial scale. Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Fossil Energy Research and Development Act of 2019, the Secretary shall award grants to one or more eligible entities for the operation of one or more test centers (in this subsection, known as Centers ) to provide unique testing capabilities for innovative direct air capture and storage technologies. Each Center shall— advance research, development, demonstration, and commercial application of direct air capture and storage technologies; support pilot plant and full-scale demonstration projects and test technologies that represent the scale of technology development beyond laboratory testing but not yet advanced to test under operational conditions at commercial scale; develop front-end engineering design and economic analysis; and maintain a public record of pilot and full-scale plant performance. In selecting applications to operate a Center under this subsection, the Secretary shall prioritize applicants that— have access to existing or planned research facilities; are institutions of higher education with established expertise in engineering for direct air capture technologies, or partnerships with such institutions; or have access to existing research and test facilities for bulk materials design and testing, component design and testing, or professional engineering design. Each grant to operate a Center under this subsection shall be awarded for a term of not more than 5 years, subject to the availability of appropriations. The Secretary may renew such 5-year term without limit, subject to a rigorous merit review. To the extent otherwise authorized by law, the Secretary may eliminate the center during any 5-year term described in the last paragraph if it is underperforming. In supporting the technology development activities under this section, the Secretary is encouraged to support carbon removal pilot and demonstration projects, including— pilot projects that test direct air capture systems capable of capturing 10 to 100 tonnes of carbon oxides per year to provide data for demonstration-scale projects; and direct air capture demonstration projects capable of capturing greater than 1,000 tonnes of carbon oxides per year. In carrying out the program established in (a), the Secretary shall encourage and promote collaborations among relevant offices and agencies within the Department. For activities under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary— $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2020, $15,000,000 of which are authorized to carry out subsection (e); $63,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; $66,150,000 for fiscal year 2022; $69,458,000 for fiscal year 2023; and $72,930,000 for fiscal year 2024. .
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