Sec. 3. Establishment of coal technology program
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The Energy Policy Act of 2005 is amended by striking section 962 ( 42 U.S.C. 16292 ) and inserting the following: In this section: The term large-scale pilot project means a pilot project that— represents the scale of technology development beyond laboratory development and bench scale testing, but not yet advanced to the point of being tested under real operational conditions at commercial scale; represents the scale of technology necessary to gain the operational data needed to understand the technical and performance risks of the technology before the application of that technology at commercial scale or in commercial-scale demonstration; and is large enough— to validate scaling factors; and to demonstrate the interaction between major components so that control philosophies for a new process can be developed and enable the technology to advance from large-scale pilot plant application to commercial-scale demonstration or application.
The term net-negative carbon dioxide emissions project means a project— that employs a technology for thermochemical coconversion of coal and biomass fuels that— uses a carbon capture system; and with carbon dioxide removal, the Secretary determines can provide electricity, fuels, or chemicals with net-negative carbon dioxide emissions from production and consumption of the end products, while removing atmospheric carbon dioxide; that will proceed initially through a large-scale pilot project for which front-end engineering will be performed for bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite coals; and through which each use of coal will be combined with the use of a regionally indigenous form of biomass energy, provided on a renewable basis, that is sufficient in quantity to allow for net-negative emissions of carbon dioxide (in combination with a carbon capture system), while avoiding impacts on food production activities.
The term program means the program established under subsection (b)(1). The term transformational technology means a power generation technology that represents a significant change in the methods used to convert energy that will enable a step change in performance, efficiency, and cost of electricity as compared to the technology in existence on the date of enactment of the Fossil Energy Utilization, Enhancement, and Leadership Act of 2018 . The term transformational technology includes a broad range of technology improvements, including— thermodynamic improvements in energy conversion and heat transfer, including— oxygen combustion; chemical looping; and the replacement of steam cycles with supercritical carbon dioxide cycles; improvements in steam or carbon dioxide turbine technology; improvements in carbon capture systems technology; improvements in small-scale and modular coal-fired technologies with reduced carbon output or carbon capture that can support incremental power generation capacity additions; and any other technology the Secretary recognizes as transformational technology.
The Secretary shall establish a coal technology program to ensure the continued use of the abundant, domestic coal resources of the United States through the development of technologies that will significantly improve the efficiency, effectiveness, costs, and environmental performance of coal use. The program shall include— a research and development program; large-scale pilot projects; demonstration projects; net-negative carbon dioxide emissions projects; and a front-end engineering and design program.
In consultation with the interested entities described in paragraph (4)(C), the Secretary shall develop goals and objectives for the program to be applied to the technologies developed within the program, taking into consideration the following objectives: Ensure reliable, low-cost power from new and existing coal plants. Achieve high conversion efficiencies. Address emissions of carbon dioxide through high-efficiency platforms and carbon capture from new and existing coal plants.
Support small-scale and modular technologies to enable incremental capacity additions and load growth, in addition to large-scale generation technologies. Support baseload operations for new and existing applications of coal generation. Further reduce emissions of criteria pollutants and reduce the use and manage the discharge of water in power plant operations. Accelerate the development of technologies that have transformational energy conversion characteristics. Validate safe geological storage of large volumes of anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide and support the development of the infrastructure needed to support a carbon dioxide use and storage industry.
Examine methods of converting coal to other valuable products and commodities in addition to electricity. In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall— undertake international collaborations, taking into consideration the recommendations of the National Coal Council; use existing authorities to encourage international cooperation; and consult with interested entities, including— coal producers; industries that use coal; organizations that promote coal and advanced coal technologies; environmental organizations; organizations representing workers; and organizations representing consumers.
Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of the Fossil Energy Utilization, Enhancement, and Leadership Act of 2018 , the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the program goals and objectives adopted under subsection (b)(3). Not less frequently than once every 2 years after the initial report is submitted under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the progress made towards achieving the program goals and objectives adopted under subsection (b)(3).
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section, to remain available until expended— for activities under the research and development program component described in subsection (b)(2)(A)— $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 and 2020; and $150,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 through 2023; for activities under the demonstration projects program component described in subsection (b)(2)(C)— $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 and 2020; $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2021; and $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2022 and 2023; subject to paragraph (2), for activities under the large-scale pilot projects program component described in subsection (b)(2)(B), $250,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023; for activities under the net-negative carbon dioxide emissions projects program component described in subsection (b)(2)(D), $22,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023; and for activities under the front-end engineering and design program described in subsection (b)(2)(E), $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.
Activities under subsection (b)(2)(B) shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of section 988(b). .
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Sec. 3
Establishment of coal technology program
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