Sec. 2. Findings
494 words·~2 min read·
/bill/115/hr/6448/ih/section-2·A research copy — for the controlling text, always check the official state or federal source. Not legal advice.
Congress finds the following: As of June 2018, 115,000 people await an organ transplant, with 95,000 of those people waiting for a kidney, and average wait times are approaching five years for a kidney, with twice as many people being added to waiting lists as getting a transplant. Living donor kidney transplants peaked in 2004 and have declined since due to a scarcity of living donors. Of the roughly two million Americans who die annually, only 10,500 to 13,800, representing less than one percent of all deaths each year, possess major organs healthy enough for transplanting.
On average, 20 people a day died while waiting for an organ in 2017, with the majority of those people waiting for a kidney. In 2017, 4,700 people were permanently removed from kidney waiting lists and 1,800 from liver, heart, and lungs waiting lists because they became permanently too sick to receive a transplant. Ninety percent of dialysis patients are not employed because dialysis requires multiple treatments per week which last several hours and leave patients drained, thus creating a huge financial burden on the patients, their families, and the government which is not included in the cost estimates above, and which can help lead to as few as ten percent of dialysis patients being employed.
A patient receiving a kidney transplant on average can go 10–15 years living without dialysis while enjoying a much higher quality of life. As medical advances extend people’s lives on dialysis, the number of patients on dialysis will increase significantly, as will the costs for individuals and the Federal Government. Roughly seven percent of the Medicare budget goes to the End Stage Renal Disease Program, with dialysis costing Medicare over $87,000 per patient per year, as Federal law dictates that Medicare will cover dialysis for everyone who has made minimal Social Security tax payments.
A kidney transplant pays for itself in less than two years, with each transplant saving an average of over $700,000 in medical costs over a 10-year period, 85 percent of which is savings to the taxpayers. Experts project that if the supply of transplant kidneys could be increased to meet the demand, taxpayers would save more than $12,000,000,000 per year in medical costs. The World Health Organization estimates that 10 percent of all transplants take place on the international black market, the last choice for desperate patients facing an alternative of death, however recipients often face infected kidneys and have poor health outcomes and donors are often victimized.
Present policy on domestic donation, which is not evidence based and has never been subject to studies or pilots to determine effectiveness in increasing the availability of donated organs and the effectiveness of safeguards that prevent coercion or exploitation, precludes all but altruistic donation, prohibiting any form of incentive or benefit for donors. Experts are arriving at a consensus that trials are necessary to find new methods of promoting additional organ donation which will save lives and reduce organ trafficking.